1. Unit 4 - Option 6: Consuming the Rural Landscape - Edexcell A2 Level Joshua Whale Geography Revision
2. Economic Influences Positive Impacts/Opportunities Income Generator Employment Multiplier Effect Diversifies Economy Opportunity for Investment/Innovation Supports existing businesses Develops local crafts/trades Negative Impacts/Threats Development and Marketing Costs Demands on Local Public Services, E.g. Water & Waste Seasonal & Part time employment Low wages Leakages of Profit External changes, on visitor numbers, E.g. Foot and Mouth Increase Cost of Living Land use conflict, damage costs
3. Social Influences Positive Impacts/Opportunities Fosters pride of place Community infrastructure Cultural Exchange Community Spirit Safeguards customs Negative Impacts/Threats New cultures/ideas, conflicting Crime Overcrowding of roads, services, congestion Infringement of Privacy Unequalled share in benefits
4. Environment Influences Positive Impacts/Opportunities Key factor, Revitalising Natural, Cultural, Historic Resources Village Renewal & Cleaner Countryside Fosters Conservation/Preservation Techniques Visitors may act as “Ambassadors” about the value of a place Negative Impacts/Threats Increased visitor numbers, may degrade Environment Trampling erosion of footpaths, Habitat loss Increased pollution Air Noise Litter Instructive Developments, loss of green land Wildlife & Domestic Stock Disturbed
5. Butler’s Life Cycle Model Exploration Small/Limited number of tourists Involvement Locals provide limited services, “Tourist Market” Development Large number of Tourists TNC’s get control from locals Increased tension between locals and tourists
6. Butler’s Life Cycle Model Consolidation Tourism becomes major in local economy Visitor numbers level off Old facilities become 2nd rate Stagnation Carrying capacity Peak number of tourists No longer fashionable
7. Butler’s Life Cycle Model Rejuvenation/Decline Attractiveness declines Visitors go to other resorts Become dependent on tourists Long term decline unless rejuvenation
8. Case Study 1 – AMAZON, PERU“Peru Government”“Local Indigenous Community” 1998 POSADA AMAZONAS ECO-LODGE Owned by Locals, Managed by Expeditions and Local Peru Company 30 Rooms Tourists – Boosts Economy about Rainforest Ecosystem “ECOTOURISM” www.perunature.com
9. Case Study 1 - AMAZON, PERU“Peru Government”“Local Indigenous Community” 1990 BAHUAJA SONENE NATIONAL PARK No Development TAMBOPATA NATURE RESERVE Small Scale Sustainable Development High income for locals Care for Environment Less Deforestation, More adventure and Education www.perunature.com
10. Case Study 2 - UK, NEW FOREST NP“International Importance for Nature”“New Forest District Council” Most popular National Park in UK 13.5 Million tourists a year Promotes opportunities for public to understand and enjoy the park Gentle Walks Relaxing Sight Seeing Active Holiday “Lymington Yachting Centre” “Winchester & Portsmouth Daytrips” www.nationalparks.gov.uk www.newforestnpa.gov.uk
11. Case Study 3 - ECUADOR, THE QUICHUARINCANCIE 20 Ecotourism Projects 1990’s Boost in Local Incomes from Tourism Western Influences Drugs Alcohol Earnings Female Tourists were having late night rendezvous with “Quichua Men” www.eduweb.com www.rincancie.nativeweb.org
12. Case Study 4 - HAWAII, KAUAI 1960, National Geographic Article, showing a picture of the “Wailua Falls” Hosted Movies Jurassic Park King Kong 500,000 tourists per year 2010, Estimate 12 million tourists Preserve or Destroy - Jonathon Croall
13. Cultural Issues Racism Sexism Stereotypes Litter, Discarded Tents College Kids, Music Long Term Tree Campers Woman shaving legs in “Wailua Falls” Case Study 4 - HAWAII, KAUAI Preserve or Destroy - Jonathon Croall
14. Research References An Interegated Approach - David Waugh Guardian www.world-tourism.org www.tourismconcern.org
