The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, sensors and connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data. IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities to directly integrate the physical world with computer systems for improved efficiency and economic benefit. IoT devices can refer to a wide range of objects from medical implants to vehicles to environmental monitoring devices. These devices collect useful data with technologies like sensors and then autonomously share data between devices.
2. IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these
objects to collect and exchange data.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely
across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities
for more direct integration between the physical world and
computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency,
accuracy and economic benefit.
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3. "Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety
of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip
transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal
waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis
devices for environmental/food monitoring or field
operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and
rescue operations.
These devices collect useful data with the help of
various existing technologies and then autonomously flow
the data between other devices.
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4. Internet of Things
• IoT is the networked interconnection of everyday objects with
embedded computers, sensors and actuators.
• “In 2008, the number of devices connected to the Internet exceeded
the number of people on Earth. By 2020, there will be 50 billion
devices connected” - CISCO
• “Computers are disappearing into fabric of everyday life”
10. How IoT Works?
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RFID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech
To identify
and track
the data
of things
To collect
and process
the data to
detect the
changes in
the physical
status of
things
To enhance
the power of
the network
by developing
processing
capabilities to
different part
of the
network.
To make the
smaller and
smaller
things have
the ability to
connect and
interact.
11. The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of
networks of devices and computers connected through a series
of intermediate technologies where numerous technologies
like RFIDs, wireless connections may act as enablers of this
connectivity.
Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability
by RFIDs.
Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data
from the environment.
Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has
provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect
within the “things” or “smart devices.”
Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through
sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet. It
can make the “things” realizing the intelligent control.
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12. Emergent Forms in the Internet of Things
• What is IoT?
• Ubiquitous Computing and Beyond
• Complex adaptive networks
• Emergent Structures
• Role of standards, architecture
• IoT structured around Location
• IoT structured around Sensing
13. Ubiquitous computing
• Ubiquitous computing is a paradigm in which the processing of
information is linked with each activity or object as come across.
• It involves connecting electronic devices, including embedding
microprocessors to communicate information.
• Devices that use ubiquitous computing have constant availability and
are completely connected.
15. Beyond Ubicomp Vision
• Cell phones as the personal “Tab” we always carry
• People sleep with their phones
• Data “authored” by objects everywhere is transforming society at a
scale that will be beyond the WWW
• Web of Things
• All information will have a location
• GPS is global
• Indoor location and maps are the new frontier
• Sensor Webs
The concept of the "sensor web" is a type of sensor network that is especially well
suited for environmental monitoring, which heavily utilizes the World Wide Web.
16. Edge devices – homegrown “webpages” of
IoT
• Open source electronic platforms
• Must add sensors, communication,
positioning
• Prices dropping rapidly
Nanode
Netduino
52North SenseBox light
Arduino + Ethernet + GPS
Twine
WiFi, temperature and vibration sensors,
plus cloud service
17. Emergent IoT based on Location of Objects
• Tobler's First Law of Geography
• "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than
distant things."
• Location-Based Services: use real-time geo-data from a mobile device or
smartphone to provide information.
e.g.: smartphone's GPS technology to track a person's location without the
need for manual data entry.
• End user applications will gain the benefits of global information from IoT.
• Location advances for IoT
• GeoSMS for objects
• Indoor Positioning, Indoor Maps
• Indoor Navigation
19. ABCD’s of IoT
Applications Big Data Analytics
Connectivity and Communication Devices – that are smart!
Photos – Libelium, Google Image Search
20. IoT as a Network of Networks:
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These networks connected with added security, analytics, and
management capabilities. This will allow IoT to become even
more powerful in what it can help people achieve.
22. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF IoT
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:
Security Concerns:
If the IOT devices are poorly secured, cyber attackers
will use them as entry points to cause harm to other
devices in the network. This will lead to loss of
personal data out into the public and the entire trust
factor between internet connected devices and
people using them will deteriorate.
Privacy issues: The possibility of tracking and
surveillance of people by government and private
agencies increases as the devices are constantly
connected to the internet.
These devices collect user data without their
permission
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23. Inter-operability standard issues: Information exchange should take place
between all the interconnected IoT devices. But the actual scenario is inherently
more complex and depends on various levels of communication protocols stacks
between such devices.
Legal Regulatory and Rights issues: The issues lie in whether current liability laws
will extend their arm for devices which are connected to the internet all the time.
Emerging Economy: Lowering costs of microprocessors and sensors will make IoT
devices accessible.
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25. Criticisms and Controversies of IoT
Scholars and social observers and pessimists
have doubts about the promises of the ubiquitous
computing revolution, in the areas as:
Privacy
Security
Design
Environmental impact
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