simple presentation for Kidney Cancer

1. Kidney Cancer

2. introduction
The kidneys are a pair of bean shaped
organs located in the abdomen. The
function of the kidneys is to filter the
blood of certain wastes creating urine.
Normally, cells in the kidneys that are
old or damaged will stop dividing and
die before they can become
cancerous. These cells are normally
replaced by healthy young cells.
Kidney cancer occurs when old or
damaged cells continue to divide and
multiply uncontrollably

3. Kidney cancer is most treatable and curable if
caught in the earliest stage of the disease.
Untreated and/or advanced kidney cancer
can spread from the kidney into surrounding
tissues and into the lymph nodes, lungs,
liver, bones and brain, where it can form
another cancerous tumor This is called
metastasis.
Kidney cancer is more common in men than in
women.
.

4. Diagnosing kidney cancer begins with taking a
thorough personal and family medical
history, including symptoms and risk factors
for kidney cancer. Diagnosis also includes
completing a physical examination.
A test on the urine, called an urinanalysis, is
performed to check for blood in the urine
(hematuria) and to rule-out certain other
conditions with similar symptoms, such as a
bladder infection or kidney stones.

5. Rarely, a kidney biopsy may be necessary. A kidney
biopsy involves removing a sample of cells from the
kidney tumor with a very fine needle inserted
through the skin. The sample of cells is then
examined under a microscope for the presence of
cancer cells to confirm a diagnosis.
The prognosis for people with kidney cancer varies
depending on the stage of advancement of the
cancer, the specific type of kidney cancer, and other
factors. Treatment of kidney cancer may include
surgery, radiation therapy, targetedtherapy,
immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy
The most common form of kidney cancer is renal cell
cancer.

6. Causes
Age and Gender as Risk Factors
The Genetic Connection

7. What’s Your History?
Lifestyle Links

8. Obesity and RCC
High Blood Pressure, Higher
Risk

9. Symptoms
Hematuria
Lower Back Pain

10. Lump
Anemia

11. Fatigue
Fever

12. Weight Loss
Other Symptoms

13. Physical
examination:
Fever
High blood pressure
Lab tests:
Complete blood count
Urinanalysis
Serum calcium
DIAGNOSIS

14. Imaging tests:
Ultrasound abdomen
Abdominal CT scan
MRI scan
PET scan
Renal angiography
Intravenous pyelogram
Chest x ray
Bone scan
Biopsy
Fine needle aspiration
Core needle biopsy

15. STAGING (CONTINUED)
҉ N categories for kidney cancer:
• N0: No spread to nearby lymph nodes
• N1: tumor has spread to nearby lymph nodes
҉ M categories for kidney cancer:
• M0: There is no spread to distant lymph nodes
or other organs
• M1: Distant metastasis is present ,distant
lymph nodes and to organs like lungs, bone,
brain and liver

16. STAGING (CONTINUED)

17. HOW TO TREAT RENAL CANCER
҉ If only in kidneys, it can be cured
90% of the time
with surgery.
҉ If it has spread outside the kidneys
into the nodes or
the main vein, it must be treated with
cytoreductive surgery.
҉ RRC is resistant to chemo and
radiotherapy in most
cases
҉ May respond to immunotherapy

18. ⃝ PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY:
҉ For treating small renal tumors(<
4cm)
҉ Bilateral renal cell carcinoma
҉ It can be done via laproscopic
techniques:
.

19. ⃝ RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY:
҉ Surgical removal of kidney along
with adrenal gland, retroperitoneal
lymphnodes, perinephric fat and
Gerota's fascia
҉ In cases where the tumor has spread
into the renal vein, IVC and right
atrium, this portion of tumor can be
surgically removed as well.
҉ Medications like tyrosine kinase
inhibitors including nexavar and
rapamycin have shown to improve
the prognosis for advanced RCC

20. Thank you
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