Environmental Impact Assessment FROM CHAKDARA TO MADYAN

GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
FRONTIER HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY
PESHAWAR
UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF ROAD
FROM CHAKDARA TO MADYAN ON THE RIGHT BANK
OF RIVER SWAT
EMERGENCY ROADS RECOVERY PROJECT (ERRP)
FOR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
JUNE 2011
ASSOCIATED CONSULTING ENGINEERS – ACE (PVT.) LTD.
Transportation Engineering Services Division
45–L, MODEL TOWN EXTENSION, LAHORE–54700, PAKISTAN.
Phones : (92–42) 35171081 – 3 Fax : (92–42) 35171084
Email : (i) acetes@brain.net.pk (ii) tesace@brain.net.pk
(iii) ace.transportationdiv@gmail.com Web : www.acepakistan.com

GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
FRONTIER HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY
PESHAWAR
UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF ROAD
FROM CHAKDARA TO MADYAN ON THE RIGHT
BANK OF RIVER SWAT
EMERGENCY ROADS RECOVERY PROJECT (ERRP)
FOR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
(EIA) REPORT
JUNE 2011
ASSOCIATED CONSULTING ENGINEERS – ACE (PVT.)
LTD.
Transportation Engineering Services Division
45–L, MODEL TOWN EXTENSION, LAHORE–54700, PAKISTAN.
Phones : (92–42) 35171081 – 3 Fax : (92–42) 35171084
Email : (i) acetes@brain.net.pk (ii) tesace@brain.net.pk
(iii) ace.transportationdiv@gmail.com Web :
www.acepakistan.com

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Emergency Road Recovery Project
Environment Impact Assessment
Contents
List of Acronyme.....................................................................................................xi
Executive Summary..............................................................................................xiii
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Project Overview.........................................................................................1-1
1.2 Implementation............................................................................................1-1
1.3 Basic Features of the Proposed Project...................................................1-1
1.4 Study Methodology.....................................................................................1-2
1.4.1 Environmental Assessment Process..............................................1-2
1.4.2 Field Surveys..................................................................................1-6
1.4.3 Women Consultations.....................................................................1-6
1.5 The Study Objectives..................................................................................1-6
1.6 Project Classification..................................................................................1-7
1.7 The Report Structure..................................................................................1-7
2.0 Policy, Law and Protocols........................................................................2-1
2.1 The World Bank Safeguard Policies..........................................................2-1
2.1.1 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)............................................2-1
2.1.2 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12)................................................2-1
2.1.3 Forestry (OP 4.36)..........................................................................2-2
2.1.4 Natural Habitat (OP 4.04)...............................................................2-2
2.1.5 Pest Management (OP 4.09)..........................................................2-3
2.1.6 Safety of Dams (OP 4.37)...............................................................2-3
2.1.7 Projects on International Waterways (OP 7.50)..............................2-3
2.1.8 Cultural Property (OP 4.11)............................................................2-3
2.1.9 Indigenous People (OP 4.10)..........................................................2-4
2.1.10 Projects in Disputed Areas (OP 7.60).............................................2-5
2.2 National Policy Framework........................................................................2-5
2.3 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997...................................2-6
2.4 Regulations for Environmental Assessment............................................2-6
2.5 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment..............................................2-7
2.6 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS).................................2-7
2.7 Interaction with Other Agencies................................................................2-8
2.8 Other Environment Related Statutes and Laws.......................................2-9
2.9 Conventions, Protocols, Agreements and Understandings at
International Level.....................................................................................2-11
2.10 International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) Clauses......2-11
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3.0 Description of The Project........................................................................3-1
3.1 Location.......................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Road Length................................................................................................3-1
3.3 Existing Road Dimensions.........................................................................3-1
3.4 Drainage Structures....................................................................................3-1
3.5 Link Roads...................................................................................................3-2
3.6 Scope of Work.............................................................................................3-2
3.7 Length–wise Description of the Project....................................................3-3
3.8 Existing Road Condition.............................................................................3-4
3.9 Design Criteria.............................................................................................3-6
3.10 Work and Material.......................................................................................3-6
3.10.1 Estimated Work / Major Work Items...............................................3-6
3.11 Raw Material Availability..........................................................................3-10
3.12 Machinery to be Used...............................................................................3-10
3.13 Equipment and Installations....................................................................3-11
3.14 Construction Schedule.............................................................................3-11
3.15 Construction Logistics.............................................................................3-12
3.15.1 Work Base....................................................................................3-12
3.15.2 Labor Supply.................................................................................3-12
3.15.3 Labor Camps................................................................................3-12
3.15.4 Machinery Maintenance and Equipment Yards............................3-12
3.15.5 Material Depots.............................................................................3-13
3.15.6 Machinery Repair Workshops.......................................................3-13
3.15.7 Approach to Work Bases..............................................................3-13
3.15.8 Petrol Pump and CNG Pump........................................................3-13
3.15.9 Camp Offices................................................................................3-13
3.15.10 Security Arrangements.................................................................3-13
3.15.11 Healthcare....................................................................................3-13
3.15.12 Labor Reporting Office..................................................................3-14
3.15.13 Labor Transport............................................................................3-14
3.15.14 Work Uniform and Health Safety Equipment................................3-14
3.15.15 Signage........................................................................................3-14
3.15.16 Lighting and Illumination...............................................................3-14
3.16 Safe Design Criteria..................................................................................3-15
3.17 Estimated Project Cost.............................................................................3-15
4.0 Baseline Study of Project Area.................................................................4-1
4.1 The Project Area of Impact.........................................................................4-1
4.2 Physical Environment.................................................................................4-1
4.2.1 Geography......................................................................................4-1
4.2.2 Geology..........................................................................................4-3
4.2.3 Seismicity........................................................................................4-3
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4.2.4 Land Use........................................................................................4-3
4.2.5 Water Resources............................................................................4-4
4.2.6 Climate...........................................................................................4-5
4.2.7 Ambient Air Quality.........................................................................4-7
4.2.8 Noise Level.....................................................................................4-7
4.2.9 Minerals..........................................................................................4-8
4.2.10 Natural Event History......................................................................4-8
4.2.11 Physical Cultural Heritage..............................................................4-9
4.3 Biological Environment..............................................................................4-9
4.3.1 Fauna.............................................................................................4-9
4.3.2 Flora...............................................................................................4-9
4.3.3 Fish...............................................................................................4-10
4.3.4 Rangelands...................................................................................4-10
4.3.5 Protected Areas............................................................................4-10
4.3.6 Endangered Species....................................................................4-10
4.3.7 Forest...........................................................................................4-10
4.4 Social Environment...................................................................................4-10
4.4.1 Population.....................................................................................4-10
4.4.2 Community Structure....................................................................4-11
4.4.3 Poverty Status..............................................................................4-12
4.4.4 Industries......................................................................................4-13
4.4.5 Political Parties.............................................................................4-13
4.4.6 Marriages......................................................................................4-13
4.4.7 Social Organization.......................................................................4-14
4.4.8 Custom of Cooperation.................................................................4-14
4.4.9 Religious Beliefs...........................................................................4-15
4.4.10 Conflict Resolution........................................................................4-15
4.4.11 Custom of Carrying Fire Arms......................................................4-15
4.4.12 Role, Position and Status of Women............................................4-16
4.4.13 Child Labor and Apprenticeship....................................................4-16
4.4.14 Services and Amenities Available in the Area...............................4-16
4.4.15 Tourism and Recreational Opportunities......................................4-18
5.0 Analysis of Alternatives............................................................................5-1
5.1 Road Alternatives........................................................................................5-1
5.1.1 No Project Option / Worst Scenario Option.....................................5-1
5.1.2 Project Road to Follow Exactly the Existing Route with
No Alteration...................................................................................5-2
5.1.3 For the Double Carriageway Altogether a New Route is
Surveyed on Another Site...............................................................5-3
5.1.4 Project is Restricted to a Single Carriageway as Before.................5-3
5.1.5 Project as Proposed in Feasibility; Double Lane Road
with alterations where necessary....................................................5-4
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5.2 Logistic Sites...............................................................................................5-5
5.2.1 Siting of Contractor’s Facilities on State Land................................5-5
5.2.2 Siting of Contractor’s Facilities on Private Lands............................5-6
5.2.3 Siting the Contractor’s Facilities at Appropriate Site,
be it Public Land or Private Land....................................................5-7
5.3 Labor .........................................................................................................5-7
5.3.1 All Labor Local................................................................................5-7
5.3.2 All Labor from Outside....................................................................5-8
5.3.3 An Admixture of Local and Outside Labor as per Skill Required....5-8
5.4 Summary of Alternatives............................................................................5-9
6.0 Stakeholder Consultation.........................................................................6-1
6.1 General.........................................................................................................6-1
6.2 Outcome of Stakeholders Consultation....................................................6-2
6.2.1 Highway Design..............................................................................6-2
6.2.2 Highway Construction.....................................................................6-2
6.2.3 Highway Operation.........................................................................6-3
6.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement–Related Concerns..........................6-3
6.4 Addressing Stakeholders Concerns..........................................................6-4
6.4.1 Highway Design..............................................................................6-4
6.4.2 Highway Construction.....................................................................6-4
6.4.3 Highway Operation.........................................................................6-5
7.0 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures...............7-1
7.1 Potential Impact Sources...........................................................................7-1
7.2 Explanation of The Impact Assessment in Table 7.1...............................7-8
7.2.1 Site for Disposal of Waste Construction Material............................7-8
7.2.2 Landslides, Unstable Soil or Similar Unforeseen Conditions..........7-8
7.2.3 Location of Labor Camps, Material Depots, Equipment
Yards and Approach Roads............................................................7-8
7.2.4 Any Natural Disasters Such as Heavy Rains, Floods and
Earthquakes....................................................................................7-9
7.2.5 Contamination from Diesel and Other Oil Spills from
Construction Machinery..................................................................7-9
7.2.6 Damage to Roads, Cross Drainages............................................7-10
7.2.7 Earthen Embankments or Concrete Work, Edge Scouring...........7-10
7.2.8 Release of Construction Water and Dumping of Soil....................7-10
7.2.9 Any Discharge, Spill or Dumping in Graveyards or Burials...........7-11
7.2.10 Impact of Borrowing Material from Earth Borrow Sites.................7-11
7.2.11 Impact on Roads/Infrastructure used for Transport of
Construction Materials including Asphalt, Bitumen.......................7-11
7.2.12 Impact of Stone Quarrying............................................................7-12
7.2.13 Soil Compaction due to Labor Camps and Machinery Yards........7-12
7.2.14 Impact of Sourcing of Construction Water....................................7-12
7.2.15 Impacts on Surface Water............................................................7-12
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7.2.16 Source of Drinking Water..............................................................7-13
7.2.17 Diesel and other fluids spilling or leakages from construction
machinery.....................................................................................7-13
7.2.18 Protection of Construction Work from Floods...............................7-13
7.2.19 Obstructing the Flow of Streams...................................................7-14
7.2.20 Effect on Surface Flow Conditions................................................7-14
7.2.21 Dust and gaseous Emissions from Construction
Machinery or Asphalt Plants.........................................................7-14
7.2.22 Dust or Other Pollutions from Stored Material and Spoil Keeps...7-14
7.2.23 Smoke from Burning of Waste Material or Burning Firewood.......7-15
7.2.24 Noise............................................................................................7-15
7.2.25 Impact on Any Stream or Water Body..........................................7-15
7.2.26 Damage to Biological Resources (Flora and Fauna)....................7-15
7.2.27 Damage to Fish and Fisheries......................................................7-16
7.2.28 Aquiaition of Private Assets and compensation............................7-16
7.2.29 Temporary Land Acquisition.........................................................7-20
7.2.30 Infrastructure within RoW..............................................................7-21
7.2.31 Increased Risk of Accidents Caused by Partial Closure
of Road During Construction.........................................................7-21
7.2.32 Safety and Health Hazards...........................................................7-22
7.2.33 Restricted Mobility of Local Population.........................................7-22
7.2.34 Gender Issues..............................................................................7-23
7.2.35 Social Conflicts and Employment of Locals on the Project...........7-23
7.2.36 Rise in the Prices of Essential Commodities.................................7-24
7.2.37 Use of Local Water Supplies and Other Common Resources......7-24
7.2.38 Adverse Effects on Archaeological Sites......................................7-25
7.2.39 Graveyards...................................................................................7-25
7.2.40 Spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the Project Labor and Adjoining
Population.....................................................................................7-25
7.2.41 Recreational Facilities for Public...................................................7-26
7.2.42 Operational and Management Phase...........................................7-26
7.2.43 Socioeconomic Impacts on the Overall Project Area....................7-26
8.0 Environmental Management Plan............................................................8-1
8.1 General.........................................................................................................8-1
8.2 Mitigation through Avoidance of Adverse Impacts by Suitable
Design .........................................................................................................8-1
8.3 Tender and Construction Phase................................................................8-1
8.3.1 Impact Reduction Measures...........................................................8-1
8.3.2 Pre–Tender Conference.................................................................8-3
8.3.3 Pre Construction Coordination Meeting..........................................8-4
8.4 Operational Phase – Management of Operational Impact.......................8-4
8.5 Management of Social Impacts..................................................................8-4
8.6 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP)..........................8-4
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8.7 Visits / Inspection Authorization................................................................8-6
8.8 Roles and Responsibilities.........................................................................8-7
8.8.1 Management Responsibility............................................................8-7
8.9 Institutional Arrangements.......................................................................8-12
8.9.1 Reporting and Supervision............................................................8-13
8.10 Mitigation Plans.........................................................................................8-14
8.11 Environmental Monitoring........................................................................8-31
8.11.1 Compliance Monitoring.................................................................8-31
8.11.2 Effects Monitoring.........................................................................8-31
8.11.3 Third Party Monitoring..................................................................8-31
8.12 Environmental and Social Trainings.......................................................8-34
8.13 Environmental and Socailmanagement Budget.....................................8-35
8.14 Recommendations....................................................................................8-36
8.14.1 Avoidance.....................................................................................8-36
8.14.2 Contractor’s Obligations...............................................................8-36
8.14.3 Social Frame Work Agreement (SFA)..........................................8-41
8.14.4 Social Frame Work Agreement.....................................................8-42
8.14.5 Operational Manual......................................................................8-45
Appendix – A: Bibliography
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: Environmental and Social Assessment Process....................1-2
Table 2.1: Selected NEQS for Waste Effluents.......................................2-12
Table 2.2: NEQS For Industrial Gaseous Emissions..............................2-13
Table 2.3: National Environmental Quality Standards for
Ambient Air .............................................................................2-14
Table 2.4: NEQS for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise .......................2-15
Table 2.5: National Standards for Drinking Water Quality.....................2-17
Table 2.6: National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise ..........2-18
Table 3.1: Key Project Features / Structures............................................3-2
Table 3.2: Main Features along the Alignment.........................................3-3
Table 3.3: Design Criteria...........................................................................3-6
Table 3.4: Estimated Work.........................................................................3-6
Table 3.5: Construction Material Requirement.........................................3-7
Table 3.6: Raw Material Availability.........................................................3-10
Table 3.7: Machinery Requirement..........................................................3-10
Table 3.8: Equipment and Installation.....................................................3-11
Table 3.9: Illustrative Distribution of Labor.............................................3-12
Table 4.1: Land Utilization Statistics of District Swat, 2007–2008...........4-3
Table 4.2:: Laboratory Analysis Report of Ground Water
Sample from Kabal....................................................................4-5
Table 4.3: Laboratory Analysis Report of Ground Water Sample
from Kanju..................................................................................4-5
Table 4.4: Monthly Temperature, Rainfall and Relative Humidity...........4-6
Table 4.5: Ambient Air Monitored Data.....................................................4-7
Table 4.6: Noise Levels Monitored at Kabal Chowk, Swat.......................4-7
Table 4.7: Noise Levels Monitored at Kanju Chowk, Swat.......................4-8
Table 4.8: Population Composition of the Project Area.........................4-12
Table 6.1: Summary of Public Consultations............................................6-1
Table 7.1: Evaluation of Environmental and Social Impacts...................7-2
Table 7.2: Categories of Encroachers (Households)..............................7-17
Table 7.3: Loss of Structures...................................................................7-17
Table 7.4: Valuation of Privately Owned Affected Structures /
Assets.......................................................................................7-18
Table 7.5: Trees to Be Removed from The RoW.....................................7-19
Table 8.1: Minimum Monitoring Plan.........................................................8-5
Table 8.2: Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase.............8-14
Table 8.3: Social Impacts.........................................................................8-23
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Table 8.4: Operational Phase...................................................................8-30
Table 8.5 : Effects Monitoring Plan...........................................................8-32
Table 8.6: Environmental and Social Trainings......................................8-34
Table 8.7: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management...................8-35
Table 8.8: Resettlement Cost...................................................................8-35
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Project Area Location................................................................1-4
Figure 1.2: Project Location Map................................................................1-5
Figure 3.1: Pictorial View of Project Road..................................................3-4
Figure 3.2: Typical Cross Section of Road in Builtup Area.......................3-8
Figure 3.3: Typical Cross Section of Road in Rural Area..........................3-9
Figure 4.1: Topographical Map of Project Road Section...........................4-2
Figure 8.1: Organogram for Implementation of EMP...............................8-13
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACE Associated Consulting Engineers
ACI American Concrete Institute
ADB Asian Development Bank
AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ASTM American Society for Testing and Material
BHU Basic Health Unit
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BOQ Bill of Quantities
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
COI Corridor of Impact
DDE Deputy Director Environment
DEMM Donors Environmental Monitoring Mission
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
EMMP Environment Mitigation and Monitoring Plan
EMP Environment Management Plan
EPC Environmental Protection Council
ESC Environmental Supervision Consultant
FHA Frontier Highways Authority
FIDIC Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils
(International Federation of Consulting Engineers)
GoKP Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
GoP Government of Pakistan
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HSE Health Safety Equipment
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IEM Independent Environmental Monitor
ISMZ Indus Suture Melange Zone
JUI Jamiat–i–Ulmai–Islam
KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MBT Main Boundary Thrust
MDTF Multi Donor Trust Fund
MMT Main Mantle Thrust
NCS National Conservation Strategy
NDIR Non Dispersive Infra Red
NEQs National Environment Quality Standards
NGOs Non–Government Organizations
NHA National Highway Authority
NOC No Objection Certificate
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NWFP North West Frontier Province
O&M Operation and Maintenance
OP Operational Policy
Pak–EPA Pakistan Environment Protection Agency
PCO Public Call Office
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
PEPC Pakistan Environment Protection Council
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PKR Pak Rupees
PM Project Manager
PMC Project Management
PMAP Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party
PML Pakistan Muslim League
PPC Pakistan Penal Code
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PPP Pakistan People’s Party
PR Public Relations
PSDP Public Sector Development Project
PSQCA Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority
PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Limited
PTV Pakistan Television
RE Resident Engineer
RoW Right of Way
SFA Social Framework Agreement
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
UBC Uniform Building Code
VOC Vehicle Operating Cost
WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
XEN Executive Engineer
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Executive Summary
This document presents the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the 10.5 km
long segment of Chakdara – Madyan Road, which runs almost parallel to River Swat on
its right bank, in the Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The
road was partly damaged and destroyed during recent war with Taliban. To rehabilitate
and upgrade the road, different international agencies have committed financial
assistance to the Government of Pakistan (GoP); the World Bank (WB) is one of them.
The WB will provide financial resources for construction / up-gradation and rehabilitation
of 10.5 km long segment of road between Sharifabad and Kanju towns. The present EIA
has been conducted in response to the national environmental protection laws and the
WB environmental safeguard policies.
The proposed project includes rehabilitation and up gradation of 10.5 km two-lane road
having a width of about 12 m along with the repair/construction of six bridges, 45
culverts, side drain and associated infrastructure. Major beneficiaries of this road project
will be the communities from towns and villages of Sharifabad, Daggay, Ajmer Abad,
Kabal, Ali Grama and Kanju. The project will add to infrastructural development of the
immediate area and will play a positive role towards poverty alleviation of the whole
extended area of the influence of the road. When this part of the road is connected with
other parts of road, around 70,000 people will benefit directly and above 200,000 people
will be impacted positively in the extended project area.
This project will be completed in about two years at a total cost of Rs. 680 million. For
design, execution and maintenance, the project has been assigned to Frontier Highways
Authority (FHA), who have engaged Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) as their
Consultants.
As a part of this EIA study, primary as well as secondary data have been collected
through field surveys, public consultation and literature research. Consultations have
also been carried out with FHA sources, the World Bank and related government
departments. Screening and scoping of the study has been carried out before preparing
the Environment Management Plan (EMP). Women consultations have also been
carried out through elderly village leaders and also with the women of the area to create
a gender balance.
Included in the study is an overview of Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS),
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, Environmental Safeguards of the World
Bank and related regulations and protocols related to this study.
The road corridor passes through the Peshawar Basin which is partly hilly and partly flat.
The road section under the proposed project passes through comparatively flat valley.
The corridor is located in the watershed of Swat river which itself flows into the Kabul
river. Climatically the area has cold winter and relatively mild summers. Rainfall is mainly
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received during monsoons and spring. The river Swat receives flash floods periodically.
Extremely cold winds blow during winters. Ambient air is generally clean.
Major flora of the area include chir, shisham, mulberry, bakain, eucalyptus, rulinia and
kao. The valley is suitable for fruit gardens such as guava, peaches and plums. Main
fauna include jackals, foxes, porcupines, jungle cats, hare, rats and some common
birds. There are no protected areas or endangered species in the area.
There is no industry in the area. Agriculture is restricted to comparatively flat areas or
terraces. Jirga system is still the most dependable social unit. Almost 100 percent
population is Muslims. Women form a less favored section of the society. Child labor is
common.
Analysis of alternatives has shown that project as proposed in feasibility i.e. double
carriageway with suitable readjustments where necessary, is the best option of all. It has
an Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of about 30 percent. Logistically, the best
option is to locate all facilities of the contractor on the State land. Best alternative from
labor point of view is an admixture 100 percent unskilled local labor, 50 percent of
semiskilled local labor and free choice of technical workers.
The stakeholder consultations have been carried out by meeting all important officials of
Mingora, Kabal, Sharifabad and Kanju, as well as local community to obtain an overall
feedback about the project and its potential impacts.
The present EIA has shown the possibility of mitigation of all adverse impacts. It is seen
that construction related impacts are likely to be related to contractor’s work practices,
cooperation between contractor and local communities, inclusion of EIA prescriptions in
the project management and a good Social Framework Agreement (SFA).
A comprehensive EMP has been prepared accompanied by an effective Environment
Management Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and supported by an institutional arrangement.
That EMP and EMMP will be made an integral part of the tender, bid and contract
documents. A system of contractor’s non–compliances / violations has been prescribed
and linked with Contractor’s bill payment.
The total cost of managing the environmental and social aspects, including the
resettlement, has been estimated to be about Pak Rs. 28.4 Million.
This EIA has shown that potentially negative impacts associated with the proposed
project are mostly moderate and reversible in nature, and can be easily addressed with
the help of appropriately designed and effectively implemented mitigation measures
proposed in this report.
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Introduction
This document presents the Environmental Impact Assessment of the 10.5 km
long segment of Chakdara – Madyan Road, which runs almost parallel to River
Swat on its right bank, in Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of
Pakistan.
1.1 Project Overview
Road from Chakdara to Madyan was completely destroyed over a length of
95 km due to activities of insurgents and counter action by Pakistan Army. Of
that the World Bank agreed to finance the upgradation and rehabilitation of a
section from km-30+424 to km-40+924, a length of 10.5 km from Sharifabad to
Kanju. The design, execution and supervision of this road have been entrusted to
Frontier Highways Authority (FHA) at a cost of Rs. 680.33 Million. This road
would run on the right bank of River Swat and join N–95 over Sur Pull (Red
Bridge) at Madyan, with N–95 located on the left bank of the river. Immediate
beneficiaries of the road will be towns of Sharifabad, Daggay, Ajmerabad, Kabal,
Ali Grama and Kanju, having a population of 70,000 people along the corridor of
impact (COI). As the road will connect together the other two parts of Chakdara –
Madyan Road, more than 200,000 people living all along the extended project
area will also be benefited. This will provide a solace and opportunities to a large
part of the war affected communities (see location maps in Figures – 1.1 and
1.2).
1.2 Implementation
Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara – Madyan Road will be sponsored by
Government of KP (GoKP) with the financial assistance of the World Bank (WB)
through Multi Donor Trust Fund (MDTF). The designing, execution and
management will be the responsibility of Frontier Highways Authority (FHA), who
have engaged Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) as their Consultants. The
funds will be channeled through the Public Sector Development Project (PSDP)
of the GoKP. The World Bank will support the project under the
emergency operations and all efforts are being made to facilitate its early
implementation on a top priority basis.
1.3 Basic Features of the Proposed Project
The scope of Sharifabad – Kanju Upgradation / Rehabilitation Project has
following major features:
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(i) Road Reconstruction / Rehabilitation over 10.5 km section
(ii) Side drain on hill side
(iii) Side Drain in Built-up area
(iv) Retaining walls on river side
(v) Guardrail for embankments higher than 3 meters
(vi) Appropriate signs and road markings
(vii) Passenger sheds and benches
(viii) Pedestrian and bridal paths to be accommodated
(ix) The present single lane road will become double lane road
(x) Infrastructure e.g. drainage, crossing stream culverts or causeways and
other facilities will be rehabilitated
(xi) Staff will be trained to manage the modern highway.
1.4 Study Methodology
As a part of EIA Study, primary and secondary data were collected through field
surveys, public consultations and literature research. Consulted were the FHA
sources, World Bank literature, Meteorological Department, Soil Survey of
Pakistan Global Environmental Laboratory, Statistical Survey of Pakistan,
departments of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries and Communication and Works
Department of GoKP. Major data which became available from these sources
were land use, soil and physiography, traffic and noise level, surface and ground
water quality, and biodiversity. In addition, the data on social and economic
factors prevailing in Swat in general and in the project area in particular were
available from Pakistan Statistical Year Book, District Gazetteer and Economic
Survey of Pakistan.
For social data of nearby communities, a structured survey was conducted. For
Rapid Rural Survey of the area another questionnaire was used. For information
on any resettlement issues, a separate stand alone study has been carried out,
and its key findings have been incorporated under social impact assessment.
1.4.1 Environmental Assessment Process
The environmental assessment was carried out according to the process given in
Table 1.1.
Table 1.1: Environmental and Social Assessment Process
Phase Activities Status Responsibility
Screening and
Scoping
Reconnaissance and initial
site visit and consultations,
identification of issues &
Carried out
during the
Project
Management (PM)
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Phase Activities Status Responsibility
applicable safeguard
policy, categorization and
working out an action plan.
present EIA Consultants
EMP
Preparation
Women consultation Carried out
during/prepared
as part of the
present EIA
PM ConsultantsDraft EMP
Draft SFA
Disclosure and
SFA Agreement
Disclosure of Draft EMP
and SFA
Pending till final
approval of
project. Draft
SFA ready
FHA and
communities
assisted by PM
Consultant
Signing of SFA
Pending till the
commencement
of the project.
FHA and
communities
assisted by PM
Consultant
Final EMP
Final version of EMP
produced
Included in the
present EIA.
PM Consultants
Implementation
and Monitoring
Monitoring and Reporting
on Environmental and
Social Mitigation
Will be carried
out during
construction and
operational
phase.
FHA, RE, PM
Consultant and
communities
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Figure 1.1: Project Area Location
June 2011
SWAT
VALLEY
Renamed as
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
in recent past
Tribal
Area

Figure 1.2: Project Location Map
June 2011
MADYAN
CHAKDARA
KANJU
SHARIFABAD
MDTF Sponsored
Section
Length: 10.5 Km.
MDTF Sponsored
Section
Length: 10.5 Km.

1.4.2 Field Surveys
A well trained local team of three experts carried out field survey. They undertook
two phase consultation program, as described below.
Phase–I comprised of the meetings and discussions with local and regional
officials. Meetings with officials facilitated achieving multiple and diverse
objectives such as:
♦ Provision of forum for the initial definition of critical environmental issues.
♦ Establishment of their interpretation as official stake holders, the key
sector development issues and linkage to the environmental and social
development.
♦ Confirmation of the suitability of initial list of communities selected for
consultation.
Phase–II involved the understanding of a program of a semi–structured
discussion in communities in the project area of influence. The program included
both community discussion and discussion with women only by women
organization.
1.4.3 Women Consultations
Rural society in Sharifabad – Kanju tract of Swat District is highly conservative
where direct access to women for social surveys like this is not possible. The
community elders and aged women in selected localities who would not like their
names to be recorded, women consultation was carried out according to the
Gender Issue Study, commissioned by EPA and ADB and is considered to be an
essential part of project preparation. The ADB studies overlap those required out
of the current study, which also include the “Gender Impact Assessment”.
Accordingly six meetings were held with women in different parts of the project,
three through village elders and three through women teachers.
1.5 The Study Objectives
The ultimate objective of the study is to make the project environmentally
responsible and socially acceptable. The specific objectives of this study can be
identified as follows:
♦ To collect the baseline data on physical biological and socio–economic
conditions of the project area.
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♦ To carryout environmental and social assessment including the
supporting administrative and legal framework of the proposed highway.
♦ To identify mitigation measures of the potential environmental and
noticeable impacts and proposing impacts.
♦ To propose institutional responsibilities and methods of monitoring the
mitigation measures and monitoring procedures.
♦ To prepare Environmental Management Plan.
1.6 Project Classification
The project only involves upgradation and rehabilitation of an existing road along
an existing route over 10.5 km with no major changes in the Right of Way (RoW)
of road in an area with little environmental and/or social sensitivity. Therefore, the
project falls in Category “B” according to the World Bank’s Operational Policies.
1.7 The Report Structure
This EIA document is structured as follows:
Chapter – 1: Introduction containing general information about the project and
process of carrying out the study.
Chapter – 2: Legislative and Policy Framework describes the policy, laws and
regulations governing this EIA.
Chapter – 3: The Project Description describes an overall details of the works
to be done.
Chapter – 4: The Baseline Study gives information on Physical, Biological and
Social conditions collected through survey of the Project Area.
Chapter – 5: Analysis of Alternatives describes and analyses various
alternatives to establish the feasibility of the modernization and construction of
double lane road.
Chapter – 6: Public Consultation and Disclosure explains the process of
public consultation and disclosure of the report at District Council Office as well
as important public library(s). It makes this document a legal public document.
Chapter – 7: Environmental Impact Assessment identifies various
environmental impacts and their suggested mitigations. This makes the basis of
the Environment Management Plan.
Chapter – 8: Environment Management Plan (EMP) contains comprehensive
prescriptions regarding environmental impacts and their mitigation. This also
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includes institutional arrangements and Environmental Management Monitoring
Plan. This chapter is included in the Tender as well as the Contract Document. A
draft Social Framework Agreement (SFA) has also been suggested.
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Policy, Law and Protocols
This Chapter provides an overview of the policy framework, national legislation
and international protocols applicable to the project. The project is expected to
comply with the national legislation relating to environment in Pakistan and to
obtain all regulatory clearances required. The project at the same time has to
conform to the operational manuals of the donor and the environmental
safeguards provided therein.
1.8 The World Bank Safeguard Policies
The World Bank is the donor for this project. Therefore, it is obligatory for FHA to
abide by the World Bank safeguard policies, which are discussed below:
1.8.1 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)
The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed
for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and
sustainable, and thus to improve decision making.1
The OP defines the EA
process and various types of the EA instruments.
The proposed project consists of activities which have environmental and social
consequences, including:
• Deterioration of air quality,
• Water contamination and consumption,
• Damage to top soil, land erosion,
• Safety hazard.
Since none of the potential impacts of the project are likely to be large scale,
unprecedented and/or irreversible, the project has been classified as Category B,
in accordance with OP 4.01. Furthermore, the present environmental
assessment has been carried out in accordance with this OP, to identify the
extent and consequences of these impacts, and to develop an EMP for their
mitigation.
1.8.2 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12)
The WB’s experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development
projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and
1
Excerpts from WB OP 4.12. WB Operational Manual. January 1999.
June 2011

environmental risks: production systems are dismantled; people face
impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people
are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less
applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and
social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity,
traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. This
policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate these impoverishment risks.2
The overall objectives of the Policy are given below.
• Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or
minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs.
• Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities
should be conceived and executed as sustainable development
programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the
persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits.
Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have
opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement
programs.
• Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their
livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real
terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the
beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.
The resettlement impacts of the project will be managed in accordance with this
OP and a Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared.
1.8.3 Forestry (OP 4.36)
The objective of this Policy is to assist the WB’s borrowers to harness the
potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests
effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and
global environmental services and values of forests.
None of the project components would be located inside any forested areas.
Hence the OP 4.36 is not triggered.
1.8.4 Natural Habitat (OP 4.04)
The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and
enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development.
2
Excerpts from WB OP 4.12. WB Operational Manual. December 2001.
June 2011

The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of
natural habitats and their functions … 3
All of the proposed project components would be located in areas where the
natural habitat has already been significantly modified, as a result of road
construction and associated activities. Therefore the OP 4.04 is not triggered for
the proposed project.
1.8.5 Pest Management (OP 4.09)
Through this OP, the WB supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological
or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical
pesticides. This OP is not relevant since the Project does not involve purchase or
use of pesticides or fertilizers.
1.8.6 Safety of Dams (OP 4.37)
The Policy seeks to ensure that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient
resources provided for the safety of dams the WB finances. However this OP is
not relevant since the proposed project does not involve construction of dams.
1.8.7 Projects on International Waterways (OP 7.50)
This OP defines the procedure to be followed for projects the WB finances that
are located on any water body that forms a boundary between, or flows through
two or more states. However, no project components will be located on any such
waterways, hence this OP is not triggered.
1.8.8 Cultural Property (OP 4.11)
The World Bank’s general policy regarding cultural properties is to assist in their
preservation, and to seek to avoid their elimination. The specific aspects of the
Policy are given below. 4
• The Bank normally declines to finance projects that will significantly
damage non-replicable cultural property, and will assist only those
projects that are sited or designed so as to prevent such damage.
• The Bank will assist in the protection and enhancement of cultural
properties encountered in Bank-financed projects, rather than leaving
that protection to chance. In some cases, the project is best relocated
in order that sites and structures can be preserved, studied, and
3
Excerpts from WB OP 4.04. WB Operational Manual. June 2001.
4
Excerpts from the OP 11.03. WB Operational Manual. September 1986.
June 2011

restored intact in situ. In other cases, structures can be relocated,
preserved, studied, and restored on alternate sites. Often, scientific
study, selective salvage, and museum preservation before destruction
is all that is necessary. Most such projects should include the training
and strengthening of institutions entrusted with safeguarding a
nation’s cultural patrimony. Such activities should be directly included
in the scope of the project, rather than being postponed for some
possible future action, and the costs are to be internalized in
computing overall project costs.
• Deviations from this policy may be justified only where expected
project benefits are great, and the loss of or damage to cultural
property is judged by competent authorities to be unavoidable, minor,
or otherwise acceptable. Specific details of the justification should be
discussed in project documents.
• This policy pertains to any project in which the Bank is involved,
irrespective of whether the Bank is itself financing the part of the
project that may affect cultural property.
Since the project activities will be carried out along an existing road, it is unlikely
that any sites of cultural, archeological, historical, or religious significance will be
affected. However, in case of discovery of any such sites or artifacts during the
project implementation, the work will be stopped at that site. The provisions of
this Policy will be followed. Additionally, the provincial and federal archeological
departments will be notified immediately, and their advice sought before
resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
1.8.9 Indigenous People (OP 4.10)
For purposes of this policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic
sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the
following characteristics in varying degrees:5
• self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group
and recognition of this identity by others;
• collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral
territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these
habitats and territories;
• customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are
separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and
• an indigenous language, often different from the official language of
the country or region.
5
Excerpts from the OP 4.10. WB Operational Manual. July 2005.
June 2011

The OP defines the process to be followed if the project affects the indigenous
people.
No indigenous people - with a social and cultural identity distinct from the
dominant society that makes them vulnerable to being disadvantaged in the
development process – are known to exist in the District. Therefore this OP is not
triggered.
However if such groups are identified during the project implementation, the
proponents will develop an Indigenous People Development Plan, in compliance
with the OP and get it approved by the Bank.
1.8.10 Projects in Disputed Areas (OP 7.60)
Projects in disputed areas may raise a number of delicate problems affecting
relations not only between the Bank and its member countries, but also between
the borrower and one or more neighboring countries. In order not to prejudice the
position of either the Bank or the countries concerned, any dispute over an area
in which a proposed project is located is dealt with at the earliest possible stage.
The Bank may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments
concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project
proposed for country A should go forward without prejudice to the claims of
country B.6
This OP is not triggered since no part of the Punjab Province is located in any
disputed territory.
1.9 National Policy Framework
The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) that was approved by the
federal cabinet in March 1992, is the principal policy document on environment
issues in the country. The NCS outlines the country’s primary approach towards
encouraging the sustainable development concerning natural resources and
management of the resources. The NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core
areas in which policy investment is considered crucial for preservation of
Pakistan’s natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in
the context of the project are pollution prevention and abatement concerning
biodiversity, supporting land, water and air resources and preservation of the
physical cultural heritage.
6
Excerpts from the OP 7.60. WB Operational Manual. November 1994.
June 2011

The organizations, Pakistan Environment Protection Council (PEPC) and the
Pakistan Environment Protection Agency (Pak – EPA) are primarily responsible
for administering the provisions of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
1997. The PEPC overseas the functioning of Pak – EPA. Its members consist of
representatives of the government, industry, non–government organizations
(NGOs) and private sector. The Pak – EPA has to ensure compliance with
National Environment Quality Standards (NEQs) and establish monitoring and
evaluation system. As the primary implementation agency in the hierarchy, it is
responsible for identifying the need, as well as inviting the legislature, to make
laws whenever necessary. The Pak – EPA is also authorized to delegate powers
to the provincial counter parts, the provincial Environmental Protection Agencies
(EPAs). One of the functions delegated by the Pak – EPA to provincial EPAs is
the review and approval of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports of
the projects undertaken in their respective jurisdictions.
1.10 The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, empowers the Pak-EPA to:
♦ Develop guidelines for conducting the Initial Environmental Examination
(IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies and
procedures for the submission, review and approval of the same.
♦ Develop environmental emission standards for various parameters such
as water and noise.
♦ Enforce the provisions of the Environment Protection Act 1997 through
environmental protection order and environmental tribunals headed by
magistrates with wide ranging powers including the right to impose fine
for violence against the Environment Protection Act 1997.
Under the provisions of the Environment Protection Act 1997, the Pak-EPA has
empowered the four provincial EPAs to manage the environmental concerns of
their respective provinces. The provincial EPAs can frame environmental
regulations tailored for the requirements of the province provided that these
regulations meet or exceed the minimum standards set by Pak – EPA. They are
also at time required to review and approve EIAs of all development projects
undertaken in the respective province, including those projects which are
implemented by federal agencies. This EIA will therefore fall in the purview of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa EPA.
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1.11 Regulations for Environmental Assessment
Under Section 12 of Environmental Protection Act 1997, a project falling under
any category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339, 10/2000) requires proponent to
file an Initial Environment Examination (IEE) report with concerned provincial or
federal agency (Pak – EPA). Projects falling under any category specified in
schedule the proponent will submit an EIA with the Provincial Agency. Within 10
working days of IEE or EIA having been deposited, the empowered agency will
confirm that the document submitted is complete for the purpose of review.
During this time should the empowered agency require the proponent for
revision, clearly citing those aspects that need further discussion the proponent
will carry out necessary revision. Subsequently, the federal agency will make
every effort to complete process for an IEE review within 40 days and an EIA
within 90 days of filing.
Pak – EPA regulation (SRO 339(1)/2000) states that an IEE is required for
federal or provincial projects (except in case of maintenance, rebuilding or
reconstruction case) with a total cost of less than 45 million. An EIA on the other
hand is required for federal or provincial project (except in the cases of
maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction) with a total cost of 50 million or more.
EIAs are also required where projects are to be implemented in environmentally
sensitive areas, or are likely to cause adverse environmental effects.
Recognizing that the Pak – EPA has delegated powers to provincial EPAs to
enforce the provision of Environment Protection Act 1997, wherever required an
EIA must be submitted to the provincial agencies in whose jurisdiction the project
falls. In the instant case the EIA will be submitted to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa EPA
as FHA is implementing the project as a provincial agency.
1.12 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment
Pak – EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for preparation and
review of environmental reports which include the nature of information to be
included in the project. These guidelines have been followed in combination with
the World Bank Guidelines, while preparing this report.
1.13 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)
The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs) specify the following
standards:
♦ Maximum allowable contamination of pollutants (32 parameters) in
emission and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland water.
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♦ Maximum allowable concentration of pollutant (16 parameters) in
gaseous emission from sources other than vehicles.
♦ Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions
from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles.
♦ Maximum allowable noise level from vehicles.
♦ Ambient noise standards
♦ Ambient air quality standards.
These standards apply to gaseous emissions and liquid effluents discharged by
batching plants, asphalt plants, camp sites, construction machinery, and
vehicles. The standards for vehicle will apply during the construction as well as
operational phase of the project.
These NEQS are presented in Tables 2.1 to 2.7.
1.14 Interaction with Other Agencies
For roads like this project is responsibility of FHA on behalf of the provincial
government Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The FHA is therefore responsible for ensuring
the implementation, controlling and monitoring of the environmental concerns of
the road at preconstruction, construction and the operational stage. In doing so,
the FHA will have interactions with a large number of organizations and
government departments. Some of those are as follows:
♦ Federal EPA and Provincial EPA
Mainly it will be Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – EPA to receive and process the
EIA.
♦ Provincial Departments of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries
It is expected that project implementation will require a limited clearances
of vegetation or trees in the RoW of the road. Also no major upset is
going to be caused to any wildlife or fisheries areas. But it is possible that
while making diversions, establishing machinery yards or setting up labor
camps, these departments come in contact and an NOC from them
becomes necessary. Also during resettlement the assessment of
compensation for trees will have to be endorsed by the Forest
Department.
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♦ Provincial Land Revenue Department
Under the constitution of Pakistan, all matters relating to land use and
land ownership are a provincial subject. The provincial revenue
department of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is empowered to carryout the
acquisition of private land or any built up property for public purposes. For
making a double road, straightening the curves, making diversions,
establishing labor camps and setting up machinery yards some temporary
land acquisition and resettlement of families may have to be undertaken.
For all doing that, assistance from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Land Revenue
Department will be inevitable.
♦ Local Government and Municipalities
If during resettlement or mitigating an environmental hazard, a conflict
situation may emerge, it will become necessary for the project proponents
to contact the union council, local government and / or municipalities.
♦ Police Department / Levies
To cool down any law and order situation and to ensure security
assistance from the police and the levies may be necessitated. It is
advisable that these departments are pre–alerted about the security
requirements.
1.15 Other Environment Related Statutes and Laws
This section outlines statutes apart from Pakistan Environment Protection Act,
1997, which are relevant to this project:
♦ The Constitution of Pakistan 1973
It contains concurrent legislative powers to federation and provinces to
legislate in respect of environment and ecology (Article 142(b), Clause
24). Any gaps in the environmental law can be referred to National as well
as the provincial assembly for passage of an appropriate law.
♦ Pakistan Penal Code (PPC)
It treats pollution and destruction of ecology as a mischief and makes it a
public offence. The PPC further prohibits corrupting and fouling water,
any public spring, reservoir or river or rendering it less fit for the purpose
for which it is ordinarily used.
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♦ The Drainage Act 1973
The Act binds the public water users to restore the environment of the
water bodies, should there be any damage by the community in any way.
♦ Local Government Ordinance 1979
The ordinance empowers Zila Councils to control environmental pollution
by preparing and implementing appropriate schemes to protect air, water
and land in their respective jurisdictions.
♦ The West Pakistan Fisheries Act 1961
The Fisheries Act requires protection of public waters as habitat of fish
and other aquatic life. This supports the Provincial Fisheries Department
to effectively protect the fish and other aquatic life in water streams
nearby the roads. Fish and small aquatic life is food to a good number of
birds as well as a protein supply to local people.
♦ The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Wildlife (Protection, Preservation,
Conservation and Management) Act 1974
The Act provides full protection to the listed birds and animals and their
habitat including the migratory ones.
♦ The Forest Act 1927
The Act provides full protection to the reserved forests as well as to
wildlife habitats. The Act also prohibits certain acts in protected forests.
♦ The Antiquities Act 1976
The Act provides full protection and safety to archives, monuments,
physical cultural heritage or chance finds and binds communities to
cooperate, collaborate and report to the archaeological department.
♦ Factories Act 1934
Permission to establish an industry along the road can only be permitted
by Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
♦ The Public Health (Emergency Provision Act 1954 read with West
Pakistan Epidemic Control Act 1958) Act
These two laws cover the preservation of human health by prohibition of
any disease, safeguarding the public health and providing and
maintaining adequate medical services and other services essential to the
health of communities in the project area. Protection against HIV/AIDS
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and infectious diseases like Cholera and Hepatitis B in labor camps would
come under the same preview.
♦ Explosive Act 1884
Under the Explosive Act 1884, the Project Contractors are bound by
regulation on properly and securely handling, transporting and using
explosives during quarrying, blasting and any other purpose. A prior
notice has to be given to local public and road users in collaboration with
Resident Engineer.
1.16 Conventions, Protocols, Agreements and Understandings at
International Level
On international level Pakistan is a signatory to a number of conventions,
agreements, protocols and understandings. Not all of these may be directly
applicable to this project but most important of these are listed below for any
possible reference.
♦ Convention on Biological Diversity popularly called the Earth Charter
(1992)
♦ Convention on wetlands of international importance especially wetland
habitats (Ramsar 1971).
♦ Convention on conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn
1979) a follow up of Ramsar 1971.
♦ ILO convention No. 62 regarding ergonomic limitation of labor.
1.17 International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC)
Clauses
Keeping in view the national laws and international obligations, specific steps are
taken to mitigate the adverse impacts while processing the detailed design,
tender document and carrying out the monitoring and evaluation of the work of
the contractor. Following FIDIC clauses are invariably provided in a standard
construction contract like this project.
♦ Clause 8.2: Site operation and methods of construction.
♦ Clause 19.1: Safety, Security of Environment in general (including
biota).
♦ Clause 27.1: Fossils
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♦ Clause 42.1: Possession of site and access thereto (for life forms)
♦ Clause 42.3: Right of ways and facilities in the project area
The FHA will ensure that the above FIDIC clauses are appropriately reflected in
the tender document(s), bid documents and the contract document(s).
June 2011

Table 2.2: Selected NEQS for Waste Effluents
Parameter Unit
Standards (maximum
allowable limit)
Temperature increase °C < 3
pH value (acidity/basicity) pH 6-9
5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
at 20 °C
mg/l 80
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mg/l 150
Total suspended solids mg/l 200
Total dissolved solids mg/l 3,500
Grease and oil mg/l 10
Phenolic compounds (as phenol) mg/l 0.1
Chloride (as Cl) mg/l 1,000
Fluoride (as F) mg/l 10
Sulfate (SO4) mg/l 600
Sulfide (S) mg/l 1.0
Ammonia (NH3) mg/l 40
Cadmium mg/l 0.1
Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent) mg/l 1.0
Copper mg/l 1.0
Lead mg/l 0.5
Mercury mg/l 0.01
Selenium mg/l 0.5
Nickel mg/l 1.0
Silver mg/l 1.0
Total toxic metals mg/l 2.0
Zinc mg/l 5
Arsenic mg/l 1.0
Barium mg/l 1.5
Iron mg/l 8.0
Manganese mg/l 1.5
Boron mg/l 6.0
Chlorine mg/l 1.0
Notes:
1. The standard assumes that dilution of 1:10 on discharge is available. That is, for each cubic
meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should have 10 m3
of water for dilution of this
effluent.
2. Toxic metals include cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, nickel and silver.
The effluent should meet the individual standards for these metals as well as the standard for
total toxic metal concentration.
Source: Government of Pakistan (2000) (SRO 549 (I)/2000).
June 2011

Table 2.3: NEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissions
mg/Nm3
unless otherwise stated
Parameter Source of Emission
Standards
(maximum allowable
limit)
Smoke Smoke opacity not to exceed 40% or 2 Ringlemann
Scale or equivalent smoke
number
Particulate matter 1
(a) Boilers and furnaces:
i. Oil fired
ii. Coal fired
iii. Cement Kilns
300
500
300
(b) Grinding, crushing, clinker coolers and
related processes, metallurgical
processes, converters, blast furnaces
and cupolas
500
Hydrogen Chloride Any 400
Chlorine Any 150
Hydrogen fluoride Any 150
Hydrogen sulphide Any 10
Sulphur Oxides 2, 3
Sulfuric acid/Sulphonic acid plants 5,000
Other Plants except power Plants operating on
oil and coal
1,700
Carbon Monoxide Any 800
Lead Any 50
Mercury Any 10
Cadmium Any 20
Arsenic Any 20
Copper Any 50
Antimony Any 20
Zinc Any 200
Oxides of Nitrogen 3
Nitric acid manufacturing unit 3,000
Other plants except power plants operating
on oil or coal:
i. Gas fired
ii. Oil fired
iii. Coal fired
400
600
1,200
Explanations:
1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more.
2. Based on 1% sulphur content in fuel oil. Higher content of sulphur will cause standards to be
pro-rated.
3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on
oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to NEQS specified above, comply with the standards
provided separately.
June 2011

Table 2.4: National Environmental Quality Standards
for Ambient Air 7
Pollutants
Time-Weighted
Average
Concentration in Ambient Air
Method of MeasurementEffective from
1st
July 2010
Effective from
1st
January 2013
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)
Annual
Average*
80 µg/m3
80 µg/m3
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
24 hours** 120 µg/m3
120 µg/m3
Oxides of Nitrogen
as (NO)
Annual
Average*
40 µg/m3
40 µg/m3
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence
40 µg/m3
Oxides of Nitrogen
as (NO2)
Annual
Average*
40 µg/m3
40 µg/m3
Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence
80 µg/m3
Ozone (O3) 1 hour 180 µg/m3
130 µg/m3 Non dispersive UV
absorption
Suspended
Particulate Matter
(SPM)
Annual
Average*
400 µg/m3
360 µg/m3 High Volume Sampling,
(Average flow rate not less
than1.1 m3
/minute).24 hours** 550 µg/m3
500 µg/m3
Respirable
Particulate Matter.
PM10
Annual
Average*
200 µg/m3
120 µg/m3
β Ray absorption
150 µg/m3
Respirable
Particulate Matter.
PM2.5
Annual
Average*
25 µg/m3
15 µg/m3
β Ray absorption
35 µg/m3
1 hour 25 µg/m3
15 µg/m3
Lead (Pb)
Annual
Average*
1.5 µg/m3
1.0 µg/m3 ASS Method after sampling
using EPM 2000 or
equivalent Filter paper24 hours** 2.0 µg/m3
1.5 µg/m3
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
8 hours** 5 mg/m3
5 mg/m3
Non Dispersive Infra Red
(NDIR)1 hour 10 mg/m3
10 mg/m3
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at
uniform interval.
** 24 hourly /8 hourly values should be met 98% of the in a year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but
not on two consecutive days.
7
Full text of the Standards is available at the Pak-EPA website:
(http://www.environment.gov.pk/info.htm).
June 2011

Table 2.5: NEQS for Motor Vehicles Exhaust and Noise 8
(A) For In-use Vehicles
Sr.
No.
Parameter
Standard (Maximum
Permissible Limit)
Measuring Method Applicability
1 Smoke
40% or 2 on the
Ringlemann Scale during
engine acceleration
mode.
To be compared with
Ringlemann Chart at a
distance 6 or more. r
Immediate
effect
2
Carbon
Monoxide
6%
Under idling conditions:
Non-dispersive infrared
detection through gas
analyzer.
3 Noise 85 db (A).
Sound meter at 7.5 meters
from the source.
(B) For New Vehicles
(i) Emission Standards for Diesel Vehicles
(a) For Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles (g/Km)
Type of
Vehicle
Category/Class Tiers CO
HC+
NOx
PM
Measuring
Method
Applicability
Passenger
Cars
M 1: with
reference mass
(RW) upto 2500
kg. Cars with RW
over 2500 kg to
meet NI category
standards.
Pak-II IDI 1.00 0.70 0.08
NEDC (ECE
15+ EUDCL)
i. All imported
and local
manufactured
diesel vehicles
with effect from
01-07-2012
Pak-II DI 1.00 0.90 0.10
Light
Commercial
Vehicles
NI-I (RW<1250
kg)
Pak-II IDI 1.00 0.70 0.08
Pak-II DI 1.00 0.90 0.10
NI-II (1250 kg<
RW <1700 kg0
Pak-II IDI 1.25 1.00 0.12
Pak-II DI 1.25 1.30 0.14
NI-III (RW>1700
kg)
Pak-II IDI 1.50 1.20 0.17
Pak-II DI 1.50 1.60 0.20
Parameter Standard (maximum permissible limit) Measuring Method
Noise 85 db (A)
Sound meter at 7.5 meters from the
source.
8
Full text of the NEQS is available at the Pak-EPA website: (http://www.environment.gov.pk/info.htm).
June 2011

(b) For Heavy Duty Diesel Engines and Large Goods Vehicles
(g/Kwh)
Type of
Vehicle
Category /
Class
Tiers CO HC NOx PM
Measuring
Method
Applicability
Heavy Duty
Diesel
Engines
Trucks and
Buses
Pak-II 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15 ECE-R-49
All Imported and
local
manufactured
diesel vehicles
with the effect
1-7-2012
Large goods
Vehicles
N2 (2000 and
up
Pak-II 4.0 7.0 1.10 0.15 EDC
Parameter Standard (maximum permissible limit) Measuring Method
Noise 85 db (A)
Sound meter at 7.5 meters from the
source.
(ii) Emission Standards for Petrol Vehicles (g/km)
Type of
Vehicle
Category / Class Tiers CO
HC+
NOx
Measuring
Method
Applicability
Passenger
M 1: With reference
mass (RW) upto 2500
kg. Cars with RW over
2500 kg. to meet N1
category standards
Pak-II 2.20 0.50
NEDC (ECE
15 + EUDCL)
All imported and new
models* locally
manufactured petrol
vehicles with effect
from 1st
July, 2009**
Light
Commercial
Vehicles
N1-I (RW<1250 kg) Pak-II 2.20 0.50
N1-II (1250 kg>RW
<1700 kg)
Pak-II 4.00 0.65
N1-III (RW>1700 kg) Pak-II 5.00 0.80
Motor
Rickshaws &
motor Cycles
2.4 strokes <150 cc Pak-II 5.50 1.50
ECER 40
2.4 strokes>150 cc Pak-II 5.50 1.30
Parameters Standard (maximum permissible limit) Measuring Method
Noise 85 db (A)
Sound meter at 7.5 meters from
the source
Explanations:
DI: Direct Injection
IDI: Indirect Injection
EUDCL: Extra Urban Driving Cycle
NEDC: New Urban Driving Cycle
M:
Vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of passengers and comprising no more
than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat
N: Motor vehicles with at least four wheels designed and constructed for the carriage of goods.
* New model means both model and engine type change
**
The existing models of petrol driven vehicles locally manufactured will immediately switch ever to
Pak-II emission standards but not later than 30th June, 2012
Source: Government of Pakistan (2009) (SRO 72 (KE)/2009).
June 2011

Table 2.6: National Standards for Drinking Water Quality9
Properties/Parameters Standard Values for Pakistan
Bacterial
All water intended for drinking (e.Coli or
Thermotolerant Coliform bacteria)
Must not be detectable in any 100 ml samples
Treated water entering the distribution system
(E.Coli or thermotolerant coliform and total coliform
bacteria)
Treated water in the distribution system (E.Coli or
thermo tolerant coliform and total coliform bacteria)
In case of large supplies, where sufficient samples
are examined, must not be present in 95% of the
samples taken throughout any 12- month period.
Physical
Color ≤15 TCU
Taste Non objectionable/Accept able
Odor Non objectionable/Accept able
Turbidity < 5 NTU
Total hardness as CaCO3 < 500 mg/l
TDS < 1000
pH 6.5 – 8.5
Chemical
Essential Inorganic mg/Litre
Aluminum (Al) ≤0.2
Antimony (Sb) ≤0.005 (P)
Arsenic (As) ≤ 0.05 (P)
Barium (Ba) 0.7
Boron (B) 0.3
Cadmium (Cd) 0.01
Chloride (Cl) <250
Chromium (Cr) ≤0.05
Copper (Cu) 2
Toxic Inorganic mg/Litre
Cyanide (Cn) ≤0.05
Fluoride (F)* ≤1.5
Lead (Pb) ≤0.05
Manganese (Mn) ≤ 0.5
Mercury (Hg) ≤0.001
Nickel (Ni) ≤0.02
9
June 2011

Properties/Parameters Standard Values for Pakistan
Nitrate (NO3)* ≤50
Nitrite (NO2)* ≤3 (P)
Selenium (Se) 0.01 (P)
Residual chlorine 0.2-0.5 at consumer end; 0.5-1.5 at source
Zinc (Zn) 5.0
Organic
Pesticides mg/l PSQCA No. 4639-2004, Page No. 4 Table No. 3
Serial No. 20- 58 may be consulted.**
Phenolic compound (as phenols) mg/l WHO standards: ≤ 0.002
Polynuclear Aromatic hydrocarbon (as PAH) g/L WHO standards: ≤ 0.01v(by GC/MS method)
Radioactive
Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi 0.1
Beta Emitters 1
* indicates priority health related inorganic constituents which need regular monitoring.
** PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority.
Source: Government of Pakistan (2010) (SRO 1063(I)/2010).
Table 2.7: National Environmental Quality Standards for Noise 10
Limit in dB(A) Leq*
Category of
Area/Zone
Effective from 1st
July 2010 Effective from 1st
July 2012
Day time Night time Day time Night time
Residential area 65 50 55 45
Commercial area 70 60 65 55
Industrial area 80 75 75 65
Silence zone 55 45 50 45
Notes:
1. Day time hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.
2. Night time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.
3. Silence zone::Zones that are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not
less than 100 m around the hospitals, educational institutions, and courts.
4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-listed categories by the
competent authority.
* dB(A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on Scale A which is relatable
to human hearing.
Source: Government of Pakistan (2010) (SRO 1064(I)/2010).
10
June 2011

Description of the Project
1.18 Location
The road is located on the right bank of the River Swat in the Swat district of KP
province of Pakistan (see maps in Figures – 1.1 and 1.2).
The proposed road being taken up for rehabilitation and upgradation is part of the
Swat Package by Government of Pakistan, Foreign Donors and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Government, which focuses primarily on the improvement and
upgradation of infrastructure of Swat Valley after War against terrorism. The
project road passes through battle field against terrorists and numerous bridges
were destroyed by Taliban through suicide attacks and other bomb ballasts
during the war. The road was damaged by mines and movement of tanks and
heavy machinery of Pakistan Army. The upgradation of this road will provide
relief to the war affected peoples of Swat by involving them in project, on one
hand whereas on other hand it will improve the mobility of law enforcing
agencies. On the other side of the River, N–95 under control of National Highway
Authority (NHA) is passing and carrying both goods and passenger traffic which
is very congested. The up gradation of project road will result in significant
reduction in Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) on the right side and will also induce
the passenger and goods traffic.
1.19 Road Length
The section of road to be financed by the World Bank is 10.5 km long, from
Sharifabad to Kanju. This is a part of the 95 km long Chakdara to Madyan Road.
1.20 Existing Road Dimensions
The existing RoW in the first 4.5 km of the road is about 4.5 – 5.0 m wide
whereas in the remaining 6 km stretch it is about 6.0 – 6.5 m. In consideration of
proposed widening of the road and envisaged protection works both for hillside
and valley side slopes, the RoW has been proposed to extend up to 12 m.
However, to avoid the resettlement issues, proposed RoW will be reduced up to
the available space and even at ribbon development areas, RoW may confined
up to the existing RoW and road cross section will be accommodated within the
available space. (Source: Inception Report for Upgradation / Rehabilitation of Road from
Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River).
June 2011

1.21 Drainage Structures
Key structures included in the project are given in Table 3.1.
Table 3.8: Key Project Features / Structures
Feature / Structure No / Description
Bridges (total) 06
Bridges to be Reconstructed 03
Culverts 45
Covered Side Drain On both sides of road in built up area
Foot Path
Covered side drain will be used as foot
path
1.22 Link Roads
Following are the main link roads which join the project road.
♦ Near km 28+000 about 2.5 km before Sharifabad, a road from Ziarat and
Suigally meets with the Chakdara – Kanju Road.
♦ At km 30+000, a road connects the Gaarhi village with project road.
♦ At km 32+500, a road from Kotlai ends at project road which is at a
distance of about 4 km
♦ At km 35+000, Kabal Chowk a main road bifurcates from project road
which connects Shahderai with Kabal, Kanju, Mingora and other places of
Swat.
♦ At km 40+500, just 500 before the Kanju, a road originate at left side to
connect to Kanju Township.
♦ At km 40+924, End Point of this Package, is a link road connecting Kanju
with Mingora city and Saidu Sharif through Ayyub Bridge.
♦ Through road, also known as Airport Road, extend towards Bara Bandai,
Matta, Bagh Dheri and onward to Madyan.
1.23 Scope of Work
The scope of work and proposed improvements of the selected reach under the
Rehabilitation / Upgradation of Chakdara – Madyan Road is described below:
June 2011

♦ A longitudinal drain has been proposed throughout the length of the
section on hill side. Provision of culverts at suitable locations will be made
in the design to carry the load of the hill side drain for their outfalls at the
valley side.
♦ A retaining wall will be provided on river side to check the erosion of
embankment by the rains or failure of the slopes due to river scouring or
otherwise.
♦ A guard rail will be provided for embankment heights greater than 3 m.
♦ No particular public facilities have been proposed except road furniture
and signage.
♦ Intersection of earthen/paved tracks will be improved.
1.24 Length–wise Description of the Project
Length wise description of features along the alignment is given in Table 3.2:
Table 3.9: Main Features along the Alignment
Chainage Description
1. Km 30+500
Agriculture land on both sides of the road
along with few settlements
2. Km 31+000
Sharif Abad village is located at both
sides of road with scattered houses and a
Govt. primary school. The other
surrounding land is used for agriculture.
The terrain of area varies from varies from
flat to rolling.
3. Km 31+500
Daggay village is located with scattered
houses.
4. Km 32+250
Scattered houses which are part of
Daggay village. The terrain of area is
almost flat. The surrounding open land is
used for agriculture.
5. Km 33+250
Ajmir abad town starts which is part of
Kabal.
6. Km 34+000 to Km 36+500
Built up area of Kabal city on both sides of
roads with houses and shops. The terrain
is flat.
7. Km 36+500 to Km 39+200 Built up area of Aligrama town on both
sides. Rolling terrain from 38+000 to
39+200 with small hills on left side of the
June 2011

Chainage Description
road.
8. Km 39+200 to Km 40+924
Partially Built up area of Kanju on both
sides. The terrain is flat.
1.25 Existing Road Condition
The existing road traverses through small towns, cultivated lands through plain
and rolling terrain on the Right Bank of River Swat. The existing road is narrow
and in poor condition especially from Sharif Abad to Kanju. This section is about
10.5 Km in length and carries a little passenger and freight traffic. Overall
condition of the road was very poor to fair. Major distress includes: Raveling,
Cracking and Patching. Width of road is about 3.5 m at most location. This
section from km 30+424 to km 35+000 is single lane and in poor condition
recommended for Reconstruction Strategy. The pictorial view of project section
is given in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.3: Pictorial View of Project Road
Army Check Post near Km. 30+500 Cultivated Area along Road at Km. 31+000
June 2011

Daggay Village near Km. 31+500 Narrow and Undulated Pavement near Km. 33+000
Bridge Destroyed at Km. 33+400 Bridge Damaged by Suicide Attack
June 2011

Narrow Road near Km 34+000 Kabal Town, Km 35+000
Kabbal City near Civil Courts Seasonal Nallah and Passage Way near Km. 37+000
June 2011

Hill along the Road at Km. 38+000 Culvert Damage by Mine Explosion, Km. 39+000
Seasonal Nallah carrying Sewage Water Kanju Chowk at Km. 40+924, EOP
June 2011

1.26 Design Criteria
Design Criteria for horizontal and vertical alignment of project is given in
Table 3.3.
Table 3.10: Design Criteria
Element / Design Parameter Unit
For Plain &
Rolling
Terrain
For Hilly
Terrain
For
Mountainous
Terrain
Design Speed km/h 80 55 40
Width of Travel Way M 7.3 7.3 7.3
Out Shoulder Width M 2.0 2.0 2.0
Inner Shoulder Width M 2.0 2.0 2.0
Cross–slope Carriageway % 2 2 2
Cross–slope Shoulders % 4 4 4
Maximum Gradient % 4 7 9
Super-elevation Run–off M 43 33 30
Source: Inception Report for Upgradation / Rehabilitation of Road from Chakdara to Madyan on
Right Bank of Swat River
The typical cross sections of project road for built up area and rural area are
given in Figures 3.2 and 3.3.
1.27 Work and Material
1.27.1 Estimated Work / Major Work Items
Estimated quantum of work involved in project is given in Table 3.4.
Table 3.11: Estimated Work
Works Quantity / Value
Road Length 10.5
Average Embankment Height 1.5
Culverts 45
Bridges 3
1.1.1 Materials Requirement
An estimate of quantities of different materials required for construction of project
road is given in Table 3.5.
Table 3.12: Construction Material Requirement
Material / Item Unit Quantity
Earth Work Excavation for Road and Structure
Works
cubic meters 45,000
Formation of Embankment from Roadway
Excavation and Borrow Material
cubic meters 72,000
June 2011

Material / Item Unit Quantity
Granular and Common Backfill for structures cubic meters 19,000
Granular Subbase Course cubic meters 15,500
Aggregate Base Course cubic meters 14,000
Asphaltic Base course Plant Mix (Class–A) cubic meters 7,800
Asphaltic Concrete for Wearing Course (Class–B) cubic meters 5,300
Concrete cubic meters 4300
Reinforcement Steel Ton 270
Source: PC-I Proforma for Package-I, Phase-I, Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara to Madyan on Right
Bank of Swat River
June 2011

Figure 3.4: Typical Cross Section of Road in Built-up Area
Source: Design Drawings for Package-I, Phase-I, Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River
June 2011

Figure 3.5: Typical Cross Section of Road In Rural Area
Source: Design Drawings for Package-I, Phase-I, Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River
June 2011

1.28 Raw Material Availability
Sources of different raw materials required for construction are given in
Table 3.6.
Table 3.13: Raw Material Availability
Raw Material Availability
Borrow material Along the Road
Stones for retaining walls
and rip rap.
km 29+000, km 36+500
Stone for sub-base,
aggregate base course,
asphalt courses
River Pit Run Gravel for sub-base, Dayar Shah
Crushing plant located near 36+000 for
aggregate base courses and asphalt courses
Bitumen Refineries in Karachi or Rawalpindi
Asphalt Refineries in Karachi or Rawalpindi
Brick Mardan
Sand Sand of River Swat flood plain at km 24+500
Clean water for specific
uses.
Swat River Water
Other water for compaction
and sprinkling.
Seasonal nullahs crossing the road
Reinforcement Steel Nearby Market
G.I. Pipes Nearby Market
Cement Nearby factories
1.29 Machinery to be Used
An estimate of machinery of different types like graders, batching plants, asphalt
mixing plants and others is given in Table 3.7:
Table 3.14: Machinery Requirement
Machinery Quantity
Graders 1
Tractors 4
Vibratory Rollers 02
Asphalt Mixing Plants 1
Stone Crushers 1
June 2011

Machinery Quantity
Batching Plants 1
Water Browsers 2
Oil Tankers 1
Water Sprinkling Water Carcass 4
Haulage Trucks 5
Excavators / Loaders 2
Small Vehicles 4
Dozer – D–9, D–10 01+01
Shift Roller 3
Asphalt Machine 1
1.30 Equipment and Installations
The equipment and installation required for project is given in Table 3.8:
Table 3.15: Equipment and Installation
Equipment / Installation Quantity
Fire Extinguishing Equipment 2
Electricity Generator 2
Water Pumping Equipment 2
Telephone System 4
1.31 Construction Schedule
If all the processing goes well the construction / upgradation / rehabilitation of
Sharifabad – Kanju road will commence on July 01, 2011, and complete in two
years by June 30, 2013. In case of any delays at the outset, the completion date
will slide forward accordingly.
1.32 Construction Logistics
1.32.1 Work Base
Since it is linear work, the ideal would be to set up the work base somewhere in
the middle. But a good spot is available at km 31+000 to 33+000 which has low
population density and ample space is available for all contractor facility including
June 2011

the work base. The length of load being on 10.5 km the work base at the
proposed site would be suitable.
1.32.2 Labor Supply
The contractor will be contractually bound to employ maximum local people
except for jobs the local expertise is not available. The Table 3.9 gives an
illustrative picture of the labor employment.
Table 3.16: Illustrative Distribution of Labor
Type of Labor Local Non–local Total
Skilled 40 60 100%
Semiskilled 50 50 100%
Unskilled 100 0 100%
By and large the daily wage rates fixed by the local commissioner will be used.
1.32.3 Labor Camps
Best labor camp site on Sharifabad – Kanju Road is between km 31+000 to
33+000. Although a majority of the labor force will come from local sources, they
will get picked up and dropped by contractor transport. Some unskilled, most
semiskilled and skilled workers may have to be brought in by contractor from far
off towns who will live in camps. Being located near the work base, the camps
will make the work access easy to the camp dwellers. Like camp, the work base
can also be about 250 m away from the nearest habitation.
1.32.4 Machinery Maintenance and Equipment Yards
Near the work base a machinery and equipment yard will be provided. The yard
will have enough storage and haulage space with ample moving and working
space. The yard will be walled and will have a gate provided with ample security
staff.
1.32.5 Material Depots
Near the work base a material depot will be required for storing construction
material. It will have temporary sheds for storing cement, iron bass and Asphalt
and open space for storing stones shingles and bricks. The material depots will
June 2011

be walled and gate will be provided with ample security. A store keeper will keep
account of incoming and outgoing material.
1.32.6 Machinery Repair Workshops
With a large number of vehicles and other similar machinery a repair workshop is
essential. The contactor may establish own workshop.
1.32.7 Approach to Work Bases
Since, the work base will be established close to the road under construction, so
already existing road can provide easy access to the work base. Ample
government land is available on either side for the project road which can be
used for making supplementary access road and paths to the work base.
1.32.8 Petrol Pump and CNG Pump
Petrol Pumps are available along or near the project road, however; the
contractor may set up his own temporary petrol pump and compressed natural
gas (CNG) Station near the work base to avoid any delay in construction work
due to non-availability of diesel for his construction Machinery.
1.32.9 Camp Offices
Adjacent to labor camp and adjacent to work base, the contractor will be allowed
to set up a camp office to run his day to day field affairs. For that the state land
can be used by the contractor.
1.32.10 Security Arrangements
Given the prevailing condition in the area where project is to be implemented,
necessary security staff is necessary. Enough security will be required at Work
Base, Labor Camp, Material Store, Equipment Yards and location of the work in
progress on the work site. Coordination will be necessary with nearby Police,
Army and Levy Units.
1.32.11 Healthcare
With a large number of labor and employees working in the project of road
construction, small accidents are expected to take place on all construction sites.
A dispensary will be set by the contractor. The dispensary will have services of a
full time doctor. At least two ambulances will support the dispensary. For major
June 2011

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