1. Bacterial
Locomotor
Organelles
~ Flagella

2. Flagella is a LASH or Whip like appendage , arising from Cellbody of
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms
Main Function of the Flagella is Locomotion , but other than that it also
functions as a Sensory Organelle.
bBACTERIA

3. Motility :
● Motility -Movement
● Swarming occurs with some bacteria
- Spreads across petri dishes
- Proteus species is the most evident
● This motility of bacteria occur in 2 different phenomenon :
~ Phototaxis - Movement of bacteria in response to Light
This phototaxis is again of 2 types -
* Positive Phototaxis : Towards light
* Negative Phototaxis : Away from light
~ Chemotaxis – Movement of bacteria in
response to light
This Chemotaxis is again of 2 types -
* Positive Chemotaxis : Towards Chemical
* Negative Chemotaxis : Away from Chemicals

4. Arrangement of Bacterial Flagella
● How many flagella does a bacteria have ?
● How are they arranged ?
● Do all Bacteria have flagella ?
● How does a flagella look like ?
● How does it help in movement of a bacteria ?

5. Classification of Bacteria based
on arrangement of flagella . . .
● ATRICHOUS : Absence of Flagella
● MONOTRICHOUS : Presence of a Single
Flagella at one end
● LOPHOTRICHOUS : Presence of “tuft” of
Flagella at one end
● AMPHITRICHOUS : Presence of a single
Flagella at both ends
● PERITRICHOUS : Presence of Flagella all
over the cell surface .

7. Lactobacillus
Vibrio
Pseudomonas
Spirillum
E.coli

8. Examples of the bacteria based on the
arrangement of flagella . . .
 Atrichous : Lactobacilli ,Diptheria bacillus
 Monotrichous : Vibrio cholerae
 Lophotrichous : Pseudomonas
 Amphitrichous : Spirillum
 Peritrichous : Bacillus

9. Structure of a Flagella -Prokaryotes
● Flagellum , consists of a Basal body , Hook
and a Main Filament .
● Basal Body or Basal Granule :
200 to 500 A in diameter ,
● In gram -ve bacteria , basal ring has 2
sets of rings , i.e.,
~ Proximal set
~ Distal set
● Each set has 2 rings,and the four rings are-
M-ring , S ring , P ring , L ring .

10. Continued . . .
● The arrangement of these rings are from inside to
outside .
● M-ring is anchored to Plasma membrane , and P-
ring to the Peptidoglycan layer of the cell-wall.
● M-ring provides the “movement” to the flagella.
● The S-ring is the Static- ring .
● The P-ring is attached to the Peptidoglycan layer ,
and the L-ring to the Lipopolysaccharide layer of
the membrane of the gram -ve .
● While in Gram +ve , there are only a only single
set of rings ,No attachment to cell wall is seen .
● The inner rings are attached to the p.membrane.

11. Hook :
● The Hook,penetrates the cell-wall,and
connects main Filament and Basal body .
● It allows the axis of the helix to point
directly away from the cell.
Main Filament :
● The filament consists entirely of Protein,
called “Flagellin”.
● This protein is either free or consists of very
low amounts of amino acid residues.
● These residues are of : -
Proline,Histidine,Cysteine,Tryptophan

12. Arrangement of the Flagella

13. Flagellar Arrangement of
Eukaryotic Bacteria.
● Completely different when compared to Prokaryotic
flagella .
● It consists of 9 fused pairs of micro tubules that
make a cylinder.
● In addition , there are 2 unfused micro-tubles
present in the center of the cylinder .
● Thereby , named as 9+2 arrangement .
● Outward projection of cytoplasm.

14. Internal Structures of Eukaryotic
flagellum

15. Internal Structures of flagella