This presentation informs about the factors which are important when considering future haze research, like how emissions take place, goals of the research, the gaps left by previous research, the socioeconomic drivers and governance arrangements. It was presented at a multi-stakeholder workshop held in Jakarta on 29 January, 2014 to discuss areas of research into the haze crisis

1. Proposed fire and haze research

2. How do emissions take place?
Heterotrophic
soil respiration
Net peat
decomposition
loss
Fire
CH4 & N2O
CO2 ,CH4, CO
CO2 & CH4
Litterfall
Root mortality
Soluble & physical
removal (DIC, DOC &
POC)

3. back

4. Goal of the research
Contribute to reductions in fires, greenhouse gas
emissions, and trans-boundary haze by better
understanding the drivers of fires (who? why? and how?)
and the governance conditions that mediate them, the
climate feedbacks, and the impacts of haze on the global
climate, and on human health.

5. Rationale
Important gaps remain despite previous research
on fires, greenhouse gas emissions and transboundary haze in SEA:
 Drivers and impacts fires and haze have been
poorly assessed during wet (non-El Ninõ) years
 Drivers of fires and the governance conditions
mediating them change over time
 The temporal sequence of: “forest conversion
to agriculture”, involving fire is not fully
understood and is important for accurate GhG
accounting
 Estimated GHG and aerosols emissions from
fires in SEA peatlands have high uncertainties,
therefore their impacts in global climate and
human health are not well determined

6. Overall Output
 A protocol in place to monitor: (i) climatic and socioeconomic drivers of fires and haze; (ii) effectiveness of
social and institutional arrangements; (iii) burned areas; (iv)
impacts on the global climate and human health in rural and
urban areas.
 Forecast fire season severity in advance (early warning
system developed)
 More accurate estimates of GHG and aerosols emissions and
impacts on human health from land fires and haze
 Contribute
to
implement
through
multi-stakeholder
dialogues
Options
on
more
effective
institutional
arrangements at multiple levels of governance for reducing
land fires and haze.

7. Socio-economic
drivers
•Land tenure
•Conflict
•Finance and capital
•Migration policy
•Expanding OP market
•Poverty
•Demographic (population
density & migration)
•Drought/rainfall
•El Niño occurrence
•Indian Ocean Dipole
•Wind speed/direction
•Peat lands
•Degraded lands
•Peat soil draining
Monitoring Outputs:
Spatio-temporal
variations of
drivers mapped
comprehensively
at finer scales
Mediating
factors
Governance &
institutional
arrangement
Impacts
Fire/Haze
Mortality rate
Others?
Health
Climate
•Early warning
system
•More accurate
GHG emissions
estimation
Multiple drivers
Law enforcement
Social negotiations
Local/national politics
Incentives
Conservation
interventions
REDD+
•Protocol to
monitor drivers
Effectiveness and
shortcomings of
institutional
arrangements
•More accurate
estimate human
health impacts
•Better
understanding of
Burnt areas&smoke
patterns of drivers
plumes landscapes
dynamics mapped. and causality
Haze composition &
emissions rate known •Science supports
Temperature
Others?
Impacts on
temperature &
human health
(rural and urban)
evidence based
interventions
Fewer fire/haze
Underlying drivers
Climatic, Soil, Landcover
Drivers

8. Component 1: impacts on climate
&
health
 What conditions cause fires to produce haze (water
content, peat quality, land cover, burn frequency,
etc.) and what controls these conditions?
 How do drainage and burning affect greenhouse gas
emissions?
 What are the atmospheric transport mechanisms
that determine the haze trajectory
 How does haze affect rural health near in the region
of burning
 How does haze affect health in down-wind cities

9. Component 2:
Socioeconomic drivers
We want to understand the importance of
drivers:
• Market demand for agricultural
commodities (e.g. oil palm,
pulpwood)
• Energy demand and potential
contribution of crop feedstocks and
biomass
• Financing & capital investment
• Credit for SMEs
• Demography (availability of labor)
• Migration
• Poverty
• Land tenure / Conflict

10. Component 2: socio-economic drivers
 How are drivers are linked to fire ?
 What other proximate and distal drivers are
relevant?
 How have the drivers of fire changed over time
(e.g., since the 1997 haze incident)?

11. Component 3: Governance
arrangements (policy levers)
 Designation of strategic sectors for
medium development planning (RPJM)
(e.g., oil palm, timber/pulp estates)
 Legal frameworks for land allocation
(e.g., APL, HPK, HP)
 Conservation incentives systems (e.g.,
REDD+, moratorium)
 Law enforcement/incentives for
compliance efforts
 Policies/incentives for using degraded
lands productively
 Coordination among different institutions
and administrative levels

12. Component 3: Governance arrangements
 In what ways might these governance
arrangements/policy levers be linked to fire/haze, if at
all?
 What are the barriers/gaps that limit the effectiveness
of these government arrangements?
 What types of arrangements/policy options might be
most effective in the Indonesian context?