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[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Microbial Growth
Microbial Growth -  refers to the number of cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nutritional Requirements Physical Requirements Autotrophs  Heterotrophs Organic and Inorganic substances
Physical Requirements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oxygen ,[object Object]
1.  Obligate Aerobes
2. Obligate Anaerobes
3. Facultative Aerobes Facultative Anaerobes
4. Microaerophilic
Oxygen is lethal to some organisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Superoxide dismutase ,[object Object],[object Object]
Catalase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Phases of Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Lag Phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. Log Phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Stationary Phase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Endospores would form now
4. Death Phase ,[object Object],[object Object]
Bacterial Growth -  increase in the # of cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Binary Fission - unchecked ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limiting factors in the environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bacterial Genetics ,[object Object],[object Object]
Double helical structure of DNA  Replication
Important enzymes involved in Replication: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Genetic Information In Bacteria Carries properties like virulence, pathogenicity & resistance Extrachromosomal genetic material in the cytoplasm Replicate independently Virus infecting bacteria Chromosome Plasmid Bacteriophage
PLASMIDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mechanisms  Of  Genetic  Variations   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Base substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. Frame Shift Mutation ,[object Object]
3- Insertion ,[object Object]
Gene Transfer in bacteria: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process of Conjugation
Process of Transduction
 
Process of Transformation
4- Tranposition. ,[object Object]
[object Object]

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