Z Tchoundjeu: Overview of ICRAF research activities in West and Central Africa

OVERVIEW OF ICRAF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN WEST
AND CENTRAL AFRICA

PAPER PRESENTED AT Bamako Workshop

Zac Tchoundjeu
ICRAF REGIONAL DIRECTOR
PO. Box 16 317 Yaoundé Cameroon
Email: z.tchoundjeu@cgiar.org

African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre

Articulations

1. Structure of ICRAF WCA Region

2. Main Projects being implemented
in WCA

3. Way Forward

4. CONCLUSION


ICRAF IN THE WORLD


VISION & MISSION
• Vision: Rural transformation of smallholder
households by strategically increase their use
of trees in agricultural landscapes to improve
their food security, nutrition, income , health,
shelter, energy resources and environmental
sustainability.
• Mission: Generate science-based knowledge
about the diverse roles trees play in
agricultural landscapes and to use research
top advance policies and practices to benefit
the poor and the environment.

ICRAF GLOBAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES

• GRP1: domestication, utilization and
conservation of superior agroforestry
germplams

• GRP2: Maximizing on-farm productivity
of trees and agroforestry germplasm

• GRP3: Improving tree product marketing
for smallholders

ICRAF GLOBAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES
• GRP4: Reducing risks to land health and
targeting agroforestry intervention to enhance
land productivity

• GRP 5: Improving the ability of farmers,
ecosystems and governments to cope with
climate change

• GRP 6: Developing policies and incentives
for multifunctional landscapes with trees that
provide environmental services

21 countries
330 million people
1200 million ha


ECOSYSTEMS OF WCA REGION

AHT is a hot spot with more than
1800 endemic plant species
31 endemic threatened birds
35 endemic threatened mammals Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre
African Humid

Distribution of Area under Cultivation By
Zone
5-year Average (2003-2007)

9

Yield per hectare by Zone

5yr Average
2007
(2003‐2007)
World 541 524
Africa 539 510
America 327 334
Asia & Oceania 772 786

10

FOREST IS NOT ONLY LOGS AND TIMBER

Over two thirds of the 600 million people in Africa rely
directly or indirectly on forest for their livelihoods


Volatility of coffee price
NTFPS can generate more income (FCFA)
250.00

230.00
1600
210.00 1400
1200
190.00

170.00

1000
U S c e n t s /lb

150.00
Cocoa
130.00
800
110.00
Irvingia
90.00
600 Ricinod.
70.00 400
200
50.00

30.00
1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 0
calendar year
1996 1997 1998 1999


Participatory Tree Domestication (PTD)
Put simply PTD refers to:
• the means communities select, propagate and manage
high-value indigenous fruit trees and medicinal plants and
integrate them in the various farming systems,

• Species for domestication are mainly selected
encompassing indigenous knowledge and genetic selection
based on scientific principles

• A strong partnership is developed with scientists, civic
authorities and private companies.

• PTD is a farmer driven and market lead process. It focuses
on species farmers consume best with high potentials for
local, regional and international markets


SPECIES UNDER DOMESTICATION

Kola nitida Ricinodendron heudelotii

Irvingia gabonensis
Gnetum africanum

60
Allanblackia
Palm oil
50 Palm kernel
Rape oil
40

30

20

10

0

ic

c

ei c
ri c

ic

8:2
it i

ar
i st
l au

ol
lm

C1
st e
yr
pa
m
Allanblackia floribunda


How to multiply Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry Centre cuttings
African
the selected species: rooting

Grafting


How to multiply the selected species: Centre layering
African Humid Tropics Regional Programme – World Agroforestry
air

Creation of a cultivar
Dacryodes edulis

Earlier fruiting, smaller trees and uniform quality


BAOBAB VEGETABLE BANK


Farmer-Managed Vegetative Propagation Unit

Shade house

Humidity chamber

Stockplant
Non-mist rooting
propagator


ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT IN PILOT VILLAGES

Nigeria
DRC

Cameroon

Approaches for linking rural communities to
markets

1. Integrating small farmers into value chains

2. Building local skills for improving competitiveness

3. Appraising market-led opportunities for rural
communities

4. Strengthening service providers


25000

20000

15000
HOW TO INCREASE
FARMER INCOMES
10000

5000

0
Regional Local Local Local Regional Farmer (1-4)
Retailer (3) Traders (4) Collectors (4) Collectors (3) Retailer (4)

Profit margin received by market actors


Njansang Examples

Collectives action / Group Sales
Sensitization
Sensitization
Meetings
Meetings
Group Dynamics
Group Dynamics

Improve harvest
Improve harvest
and post-harvest
and post-harvest
Guarantee
Guarantee techniques
techniques
Farmer Funds
Funds
Enterprise
Developme Farmers
nt In
Building linkages
Cameroon Workshop &
Workshop &
Building linkages
between farmers
between farmers
Training
Training and traders
and traders

Market
Market
Survey
Survey


Some Results

• In 2005, 4 farmers
2000000
1800000
enterprises generates
1600000 received 709,075 FCFA
1400000 from the sale of
1200000 Amount 2005 njansang.
Am ount

1000000 Amount 2006
800000 Amount 2007

600000
• In 2006, they generated
400000
200000
2,826,000FCFA.
0

• In 2007 they generated
en
u

k

n
ec
do

so
el
nd
ou

M

as
O
ob

pw

2,472,150FCFA.
ol

Ek
Nk

Villages enterprise


The Njansang Kernel Cracking machine:

Percentage of success 90


Cassava Processing Micro Enterprise


Enhance agricultural
Income Generating
Options in West
and North West
regions of
Cameroon


Post harvest machines

Ventilated dryers for drying
tree, food and spice products Multipurpose mills


GENERALISED TREE SPECIES DOMESTIGRAM
Documentation
(Agroforestree Dbase)
• Species trials
PRIORITY SPECIES • Literature searches
(and alternate species) • Expert input/meetings (historically)
• Farmer surveys (indigenous knowledge) NARROW
• On-farm/nursery tree inventories GERMPLASM
• Market surveys
Nomenclature Exploration
Procurement (Bot. Nom. Dbase)
(Tree Seed Suppliers
Directory) Collection IPR, Access, Exchange & Benefit Sharing Actively
Discourage
(e.g. TSSD, DD, NGOs)
Conservation, DIVERSE
Diversity Assess. GERMPLASM

IDENTIFICATION PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT ADOPTION
selection
EVALUATION PROPAGATION MULTIPLICATION Collaboration
& linkages

Laboratory On farm - marketing/process
On station On farm On station Seed Vegetative On station On farm
Village - outgrower scheme
- germ. delivery
- collective action
- survival - survival - molecular - nursery practices - nursery practices - on farm - on farm - spacing - spacing - farmer exchanges
- growth - growth - nutrition - propagule type - propagule type - on station - in community - watering - watering
- repro. ecology - niche - processability - symbionts - indig. knowledge - Nat. Seed Cent.- on station - fertilizing - fertilizing
- demonstrations
- genetic variation - scale - seed quality - composition - Nat. Hort Cent. - thinning - thinning - targeting climate
- assess. method - spacing - no. clones - coppicing - selection market, soils, popn
- compatibility - thinning - mother blocks - pruning - coppicing
- indig. knowledge - selection - selection - top working - pruning - policy
- fruit set - forecasting - fruit set - top working - certification
• training important for all aspects - forecasting - timing - pest/disease - fruit set - incentives
- timing - reprod. ecology - pest/disease
- conservation -environmental
• species/techniques also for domesticating the landscape
- indig. Know. service payments

Conclusion
• Early fruiting and capture of desired traits
are great incentive for adoption.
• Market of agroforestry products is being
gradually developed with appropriate
transformation and packaging methods.
• Indigenous fruit trees have high potentials to
improve livelihood of local populations
helping to achieve the MDGs (Poverty
eradication, hunger reduction, improved of
health and nutrition)

Conclusion…
Indigenous fruit portfolio now at the heart of key
global environmental processes
• Convention to combat desertification
Agroforestry for land regeneration
• Biodiversity Convention
Role of agroforestry in biodiversity conservation
• Climate Change Convention
Agroforestry as a key to adaptation
Smallholder projects for carbon sequestration
• UN Forum on Forests
Key role of trees outside forests

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