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India's public transportation
            snapshot

            18th November 2010




InAlliance Consulting   |    www.inalliance.eu   |   Version : InAlliance_public_transport_India_V0.6   |   Click here for latest updates
Socio-economic environment

                            GDP (US$), India, 1990-2008                                                              Vehicle ownership in India, 2010
                                                                                                                      Compiled from various sources
                              Source : United Nations
                                                            CAGR :                                                   No vehicle
                                                            12.1 %                                                   Car
          1200
                                                                                                                     Motorbike
          1000
                                                                                                                     Bicycle
           800
           600
           400                                                                                Only 1 % of Indian
                                                                                              households own a private
             2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
                                                                                              car, 10 % a motorbike.
                                                                                              50% of the population
                                                                                              relies    exclusively on
     •     83000 millionaires (in USD) in India in 2009, up 20% from 2008                     public transport.
     •     India's growth expected to overtake China's before 2015
     •     Per capita income expected to overtake UK, US, by 2040



                                                                                                         Household annual income
                              Proportion of population in income bracket
                                                                                                           bracket, 2010, PPP


                                                                                                         « Globals » : > € 80k

                                                                                                         « Strivers » : € 40k - 80k

                                                                                                         « Seekers » : € 15k - 40k

                                                                                                         « Aspirers » : € 7k - 15k

                                                                                                         « Deprived » : < € 7k
            1985              1995               2005                2015              2025

           While wealth distribution in India may still be imperfect, recent history as well as projections demonstrate that the
           middle class (« seekers » and « strivers ») is growing both in population and purchasing power.



InAlliance Consulting           |       www.inalliance.eu                                                India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   2
« Relative geography »


                                                                                             3000 Km




                                                                                Delhi




                                                                                                                               3000 Km
                            = per capita GDP >
                            US$ 700 (2006)
                                                                   Mumbai




                                                      Although India is « one country », distances as well as climatic, linguistic, social, economic and
                                                      ethnic heterogeneousness often justify comparing it to the entire EU rather than one or the other
                                                      European nation.
                            = Population              Travelling from Mumbai to Delhi means either : 1000 km drive, a 2h flight or a 15-20h train journey
                            density >250/km²



InAlliance Consulting   |         www.inalliance.eu                                          India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |           3
India's railways vs. rest of the World

                             Km of railway tracks per country
                                        Source : UIC, 2008

          USA
        Russia
                                                                       INDIA:
          PRC                                                      4th, 63000 km
          India
       Canada
      Australia                                                                                                      Unique operator :
     Argentina                                                                                                        Indian Railways
     Germany
                                                          FRANCE :
        Brazil                                                                                             •     State owned
                                                         10th, 29000 km
       France
                                                                                                           •     Controlled by its very own
                   0        50000        100000       150000            200000        250000                     ministry (Ministry of Railways)

                                                                                                           •     1,4M    employees   (World's
                                                                                                                 largest employer after the
                            Number of passengers / yr, in Bn                                                     Chinese Army)

                                    Source : UIC, 2008                                                     •     18M passengers      transported
                                                                                                                 each day

                                                                                                           •     Freight considered a cash-cow,
          Japan                                                                                                  passenger service a duty to the
                                                                                                                 public
           India

       Germany
                                                                         INDIA:
          China                                                         2nd, 5.4 Bn

         Russia

            UK                                             FRANCE:
                                                            7th, 1 Bn
         France

                   0    1     2     3      4      5        6      7       8       9    10



InAlliance Consulting          |     www.inalliance.eu                                           India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   4
Regional diversities




1,1 Md d'habitants
30% de la population vit en ville,
15% dans des villes de plus de
0,5M d'habitants
Fort exode rural à destination
des grandes métropoles
45 villes de plus de 1M
d'habitants, 8 de plus de 5M
Bombay: 21M, Delhi: 18M,
Calcutta: 15M
Chennai,               Bangalore,
Hyderabad: 6-10M chacune


                                                             = per capita GDP >                                        = Population
                                                             US$ 700 (2006)                                            density >250/km²




InAlliance Consulting                |   www.inalliance.eu                        India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |    5
Regional diversities




1,1 Md d'habitants
30% de la population vit en ville,
15% dans des villes de plus de
0,5M d'habitants
Fort exode rural à destination
des grandes métropoles
45 villes de plus de 1M
d'habitants, 8 de plus de 5M
Bombay: 21M, Delhi: 18M,
Calcutta: 15M
Chennai,               Bangalore,
Hyderabad: 6-10M chacune


                                                             = per capita GDP >                                        = Population
                                                             US$ 700 (2006)                                            density >250/km²




InAlliance Consulting                |   www.inalliance.eu                        India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |    6
Relative position of India's railways

                             Km of railway tracks per country
                                            Source : UIC, 2008

       USA
     Russia
                                                                         INDIA:
       PRC                                                           4th, 63000 km
       India
    Canada
   Australia
  Argentina
  Germany
                                                            FRANCE :
     Brazil
                                                           10th, 29000 km
    France

                0           50000            100000       150000          200000        250000



                            Number of passengers / yr, in Bn
                                        Source : UIC, 2008


      Japan

        India

   Germany
                                                                           INDIA:
       China                                                              2nd, 5.4 Bn

      Russia

         UK                                                  FRANCE:
                                                              7th, 1 Bn
      France

                0       1     2         3      4      5      6      7       8       9    10



InAlliance Consulting               |        www.inalliance.eu                                       India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   7
Ferroviaire
                                                                                              Indian Railways (1)


     
          Entreprise d'état, sous la tutelle du Ministry of
          Railways. 1,4M d'employés, 18M de passagers
          transportés chaque jour.
     
          Lourdement déficitaire jusqu'aux multiples
          remaniements de 2004, bénéficiaire depuis.
     
          2 offres principales:
             
                  Le transport de fret, qui assure les bénéfices
             
                  Le transport de passagers: service public et raison
                  d'être de IR.




InAlliance Consulting        |      www.inalliance.eu                   India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   8
Ferroviaire
                                                                                                Indian Railways (2)


     
          Objectifs principaux pour 2009 :
             
                  Amélioration du service aux usagers et de la
                  ponctualité (2 points hautement politiques à
                  répercussions directes dans les urnes), maintien de
                  la rentabilité.
     
          Quelques chantiers en cours:
             
                  Gros investissements en management de la qualité
             
                  Privatisation de services « périphériques » (exemple
                  récent: la restauration à bord sur certaines lignes).




InAlliance Consulting        |      www.inalliance.eu                     India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   9
Aérien
                                                                                                      Généralités


     
          Proportionnellement, une infime minorité de la
          population l'utilise... mais la base de calcul porte
          sur 1Md d'habitants.
     
          35M de passagers aériens en 2008, 80% de taux
          de remplissage.
     
          Le monopole d'état Indian Airlines / Air India a
          laissé en partie la place en une décennie à plus
          d'une douzaine de compagnies aériennes privées
          (mais certaines ont fusionné depuis).
     
          Aller-retour entre 2 métropoles: 120-150€
     
          Mode de transport fortement impacté par les prix
          du pétrole puis la crise économique actuelle –
          pour combien de temps ?




InAlliance Consulting     |     www.inalliance.eu                India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   10
Aérien
                                                                                                   Les aéroports (1)


     
          Autorité de tutelle : Airport Authority of India
          (Ministère de l'aviation civile, gouvernement
          central) :
             
                  126 aéroports au total, dont 11 internationaux
             
                  Certains aéroports (Pune, Bangalore récemment)
                  sont des enclaves civiles sur un aérodrome militaire
     
          Delhi et Mumbai : rénovation totale des aéroports
          existants en cours, PLUS construction de
          nouveaux aéroports en périphérie.
     
          La constructions ou rénovation de 25 aéroports
          sont à l 'étude.




InAlliance Consulting        |      www.inalliance.eu                    India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   11
Aérien
                                                                                                       Les aéroports (2)


     
          5 aéroports partiellement privatisés (Bombay,
          Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Cochin
     
          1 en cours de privatisation (Chennai)


     
          Tendances générales :
             
                  Partenariats public-privé en vue d'améliorer la
                  profitabilité (moins d'un aéroport sur dix équilibre ses
                  comptes aujourd'hui...)
             
                  Accent mis depuis 2006 environ sur le « user
                  feedback ».




InAlliance Consulting        |      www.inalliance.eu                        India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   12
Inde - Transports publics




   Transports publics
   urbains




InAlliance Consulting   |   www.inalliance.eu   India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   13
Illustration
                                                                                                           Bombay - (1)


     
          90% des « banlieusards » utilisent les transports
          publics pour se rendre au travail
     
          2 modes principaux:
             
                  trains « suburbains » (équivalent de nos RER) gérés
                  par 2 filiales de Indian Railways. 2300 trains et 7M
                  de passagers/jour sur 450km de réseau électrifié,
                  une centaine de stations.
             
                  Bus, gérés par le BEST (compagnie municipale de
                  bus). 3500 véhicules, 4,5M de passagers/jour.




InAlliance Consulting        |     www.inalliance.eu                     India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   14
Illustration
                                                                                                                          Bombay - (2)


     
          Une ligne de métro de 11km en construction
          (marché attribué à Reliance, livraison prévue pour
          2011)
                        
                            Note 1: Bombay compte par ailleurs plus de 100 000
                            taxis et rickshaws (3-roues motorisés). Le radio-taxi se
                            développe très rapidement, les taxis neufs sont à
                            présent livrés avec un système de facturation et
                            paiement électronique.
                        
                            Note 2: La compagnie de bus BEST avait introduit en
                            1998, puis retiré en 2000, une billetterie magnétique sur
                            ses bus. Elle étudierait à présent la possibilité de
                            réintroduire une technologie similaire.




InAlliance Consulting            |        www.inalliance.eu                             India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   15
Illustration
                                                                                                       Delhi - (1)


     
          Le bus a été jusqu'ici le mode de transport public
          de choix (60% du transport urbain), mais ce mode
          est en mutation et cède par ailleurs au métro.
     
          Les compagnies privées sont graduellement
          remplacées / reprises par la DTC (Delhi Transport
          Corporation, public).
     
          D'ici 2010, Delhi devrait compter 11000 bus dont
          plus de la moitié propriété de la DTC, tous
          équipés de billetteries automatiques et de GPS.




InAlliance Consulting    |    www.inalliance.eu                India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   16
Illustration
                                                                                                       Delhi - (2)


     
          3 lignes de métro en fonctionnement à ce jour,
          gérées par la DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail
          Corporation, public), 65km, 60 stations
     
          La tranche 2 du métro, 128km de plus, devrait être
          livrée courant 2010
     
          Les tranches 3 et 4 (2015 et 2020) porteront le
          réseau à 500km, soit plus que le réseau
          londonien.




InAlliance Consulting    |    www.inalliance.eu                India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |   17
Some decisions facing foreign entrants

                                     Direct export ?                                                       Alone ?


                                                                                             +                             -
                                                                                  ●   Total control             ●   Slower ramp-up


                           + +                                                    ●



                                                                                  ●
                                                                                      No revenue sharing

                                                                                   Gain precise
                                                                                                                ●HR and finance
                                                                                                                hungry

                                                                                  market knowledge              ●   ….
                                                Transaction =
                                               sale of products                   ●   ….


                        Local assembly ?                                                                       With a local partner ?


                                                                                                            +                           -
                                                                                                 ●    Faster ramp-up           ●Could create a


             +                             +
                                                                                                                               competitor
                                                                                                 ●    Lower investment
                                                                                                                               ●Partner choice
                                                                                                 ●Access to partner's          conditions success
                                                                                                 network
                    Transaction =                                                                                              ●   ….
                  sale of components                                                             ●    ….


                                            Local manufacturing ?                Which location ?

                                                                    Northern cluster ?
                                                                    (Heavy industry)



                                                        + +          Western cluster ?
                                                                    (Bombardier, etc...)

                                                                    Southern cluster ?
                                 Transaction = Sale /                (BEML, ICF,...)
                               licensing of know-how



InAlliance Consulting            |         www.inalliance.eu                          India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |          18
33, avenue Philippe Auguste
                                                                            75011 Paris
                                                                            France

                                                                            Tel : +33 1 44 64 10 35
                                                                            Fax : +33 1 44 64 10 36

                                                                            www.inalliance.eu
                                                                            info@inalliance.eu




                                                           InAlliance Consulting, specialists of the Indian market


       Direct links to further information :

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InAlliance Consulting                 |       www.inalliance.eu                                                  India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 |             19

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Indian public transportation snapshot

  • 1. India's public transportation snapshot 18th November 2010 InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu | Version : InAlliance_public_transport_India_V0.6 | Click here for latest updates
  • 2. Socio-economic environment GDP (US$), India, 1990-2008 Vehicle ownership in India, 2010 Compiled from various sources Source : United Nations CAGR : No vehicle 12.1 % Car 1200 Motorbike 1000 Bicycle 800 600 400 Only 1 % of Indian households own a private 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 car, 10 % a motorbike. 50% of the population relies exclusively on • 83000 millionaires (in USD) in India in 2009, up 20% from 2008 public transport. • India's growth expected to overtake China's before 2015 • Per capita income expected to overtake UK, US, by 2040 Household annual income Proportion of population in income bracket bracket, 2010, PPP « Globals » : > € 80k « Strivers » : € 40k - 80k « Seekers » : € 15k - 40k « Aspirers » : € 7k - 15k « Deprived » : < € 7k 1985 1995 2005 2015 2025 While wealth distribution in India may still be imperfect, recent history as well as projections demonstrate that the middle class (« seekers » and « strivers ») is growing both in population and purchasing power. InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 2
  • 3. « Relative geography » 3000 Km Delhi 3000 Km = per capita GDP > US$ 700 (2006) Mumbai Although India is « one country », distances as well as climatic, linguistic, social, economic and ethnic heterogeneousness often justify comparing it to the entire EU rather than one or the other European nation. = Population Travelling from Mumbai to Delhi means either : 1000 km drive, a 2h flight or a 15-20h train journey density >250/km² InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 3
  • 4. India's railways vs. rest of the World Km of railway tracks per country Source : UIC, 2008 USA Russia INDIA: PRC 4th, 63000 km India Canada Australia Unique operator : Argentina Indian Railways Germany FRANCE : Brazil • State owned 10th, 29000 km France • Controlled by its very own 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 ministry (Ministry of Railways) • 1,4M employees (World's largest employer after the Number of passengers / yr, in Bn Chinese Army) Source : UIC, 2008 • 18M passengers transported each day • Freight considered a cash-cow, Japan passenger service a duty to the public India Germany INDIA: China 2nd, 5.4 Bn Russia UK FRANCE: 7th, 1 Bn France 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 4
  • 5. Regional diversities 1,1 Md d'habitants 30% de la population vit en ville, 15% dans des villes de plus de 0,5M d'habitants Fort exode rural à destination des grandes métropoles 45 villes de plus de 1M d'habitants, 8 de plus de 5M Bombay: 21M, Delhi: 18M, Calcutta: 15M Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad: 6-10M chacune = per capita GDP > = Population US$ 700 (2006) density >250/km² InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 5
  • 6. Regional diversities 1,1 Md d'habitants 30% de la population vit en ville, 15% dans des villes de plus de 0,5M d'habitants Fort exode rural à destination des grandes métropoles 45 villes de plus de 1M d'habitants, 8 de plus de 5M Bombay: 21M, Delhi: 18M, Calcutta: 15M Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad: 6-10M chacune = per capita GDP > = Population US$ 700 (2006) density >250/km² InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 6
  • 7. Relative position of India's railways Km of railway tracks per country Source : UIC, 2008 USA Russia INDIA: PRC 4th, 63000 km India Canada Australia Argentina Germany FRANCE : Brazil 10th, 29000 km France 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 Number of passengers / yr, in Bn Source : UIC, 2008 Japan India Germany INDIA: China 2nd, 5.4 Bn Russia UK FRANCE: 7th, 1 Bn France 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 7
  • 8. Ferroviaire Indian Railways (1)  Entreprise d'état, sous la tutelle du Ministry of Railways. 1,4M d'employés, 18M de passagers transportés chaque jour.  Lourdement déficitaire jusqu'aux multiples remaniements de 2004, bénéficiaire depuis.  2 offres principales:  Le transport de fret, qui assure les bénéfices  Le transport de passagers: service public et raison d'être de IR. InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 8
  • 9. Ferroviaire Indian Railways (2)  Objectifs principaux pour 2009 :  Amélioration du service aux usagers et de la ponctualité (2 points hautement politiques à répercussions directes dans les urnes), maintien de la rentabilité.  Quelques chantiers en cours:  Gros investissements en management de la qualité  Privatisation de services « périphériques » (exemple récent: la restauration à bord sur certaines lignes). InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 9
  • 10. Aérien Généralités  Proportionnellement, une infime minorité de la population l'utilise... mais la base de calcul porte sur 1Md d'habitants.  35M de passagers aériens en 2008, 80% de taux de remplissage.  Le monopole d'état Indian Airlines / Air India a laissé en partie la place en une décennie à plus d'une douzaine de compagnies aériennes privées (mais certaines ont fusionné depuis).  Aller-retour entre 2 métropoles: 120-150€  Mode de transport fortement impacté par les prix du pétrole puis la crise économique actuelle – pour combien de temps ? InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 10
  • 11. Aérien Les aéroports (1)  Autorité de tutelle : Airport Authority of India (Ministère de l'aviation civile, gouvernement central) :  126 aéroports au total, dont 11 internationaux  Certains aéroports (Pune, Bangalore récemment) sont des enclaves civiles sur un aérodrome militaire  Delhi et Mumbai : rénovation totale des aéroports existants en cours, PLUS construction de nouveaux aéroports en périphérie.  La constructions ou rénovation de 25 aéroports sont à l 'étude. InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 11
  • 12. Aérien Les aéroports (2)  5 aéroports partiellement privatisés (Bombay, Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Cochin  1 en cours de privatisation (Chennai)  Tendances générales :  Partenariats public-privé en vue d'améliorer la profitabilité (moins d'un aéroport sur dix équilibre ses comptes aujourd'hui...)  Accent mis depuis 2006 environ sur le « user feedback ». InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 12
  • 13. Inde - Transports publics Transports publics urbains InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 13
  • 14. Illustration Bombay - (1)  90% des « banlieusards » utilisent les transports publics pour se rendre au travail  2 modes principaux:  trains « suburbains » (équivalent de nos RER) gérés par 2 filiales de Indian Railways. 2300 trains et 7M de passagers/jour sur 450km de réseau électrifié, une centaine de stations.  Bus, gérés par le BEST (compagnie municipale de bus). 3500 véhicules, 4,5M de passagers/jour. InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 14
  • 15. Illustration Bombay - (2)  Une ligne de métro de 11km en construction (marché attribué à Reliance, livraison prévue pour 2011)  Note 1: Bombay compte par ailleurs plus de 100 000 taxis et rickshaws (3-roues motorisés). Le radio-taxi se développe très rapidement, les taxis neufs sont à présent livrés avec un système de facturation et paiement électronique.  Note 2: La compagnie de bus BEST avait introduit en 1998, puis retiré en 2000, une billetterie magnétique sur ses bus. Elle étudierait à présent la possibilité de réintroduire une technologie similaire. InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 15
  • 16. Illustration Delhi - (1)  Le bus a été jusqu'ici le mode de transport public de choix (60% du transport urbain), mais ce mode est en mutation et cède par ailleurs au métro.  Les compagnies privées sont graduellement remplacées / reprises par la DTC (Delhi Transport Corporation, public).  D'ici 2010, Delhi devrait compter 11000 bus dont plus de la moitié propriété de la DTC, tous équipés de billetteries automatiques et de GPS. InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 16
  • 17. Illustration Delhi - (2)  3 lignes de métro en fonctionnement à ce jour, gérées par la DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, public), 65km, 60 stations  La tranche 2 du métro, 128km de plus, devrait être livrée courant 2010  Les tranches 3 et 4 (2015 et 2020) porteront le réseau à 500km, soit plus que le réseau londonien. InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 17
  • 18. Some decisions facing foreign entrants Direct export ? Alone ? + - ● Total control ● Slower ramp-up + + ● ● No revenue sharing Gain precise ●HR and finance hungry market knowledge ● …. Transaction = sale of products ● …. Local assembly ? With a local partner ? + - ● Faster ramp-up ●Could create a + + competitor ● Lower investment ●Partner choice ●Access to partner's conditions success network Transaction = ● …. sale of components ● …. Local manufacturing ? Which location ? Northern cluster ? (Heavy industry) + + Western cluster ? (Bombardier, etc...) Southern cluster ? Transaction = Sale / (BEML, ICF,...) licensing of know-how InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 18
  • 19. 33, avenue Philippe Auguste 75011 Paris France Tel : +33 1 44 64 10 35 Fax : +33 1 44 64 10 36 www.inalliance.eu info@inalliance.eu InAlliance Consulting, specialists of the Indian market Direct links to further information : | Home | Our mission | Our approach | Why choose InAlliance ? | References | Other sector snapshots | | Accueil | Notre mission | Notre approche | Pourquoi choisir InAlliance ? | Références | Autres panoramas sectoriels | | Home | La nostra missione | Il nostro approcio | Perchè scegliere InAlliance ? | Referenze | Altri documenti utili | InAlliance Consulting | www.inalliance.eu India's public transportation snapshot | Nov. 2010 | 19