1. Active-Passive
The development of electonics (1) _was
invented_____ (invent) by the invention of the
vacuum tube. In 1947, transistor (2) _was
found____ (find). The devices by the time (3)
___were__ (to be) different. Many people (4)
_used___ (use) the devices rarely. In 1958, the
development of Ics (Integrated Circuit) on silicon
chips (5) ___made__ (make) people use the
electronics everyday. At present, the introduction
of microprocessor (6) ___allows__ (allow)
electronics to (7) ___broaden__(broaden) various
electronics equipments such as automatic washing
machine, dishwasher, central processing unit.

2. EXERCISE 2
Alexander Graham Bell (1) __invented____(invent) the
telephone in 1978. He (2) ___was_ (be) a Canadian
whose family (3) _came___ (come) from Scotland.
Since then, telephone system (4) __grew__ (grow)
dramatically; in the UK alone there (5) _are__(be) now
over 24 million lines. Formerly, the UK system (6)
__is_(be) analogue. Many changes (7) _take place___
(take place) in recent years. Almost entire UK network
(8) _is__ (be) now digital. Fibre optic cables (9)
___replace___(replace) the old copper lines.
Previously, telephone exchanges (10) _are
used____(use) banks of electromagnetic relays for
switching. Today, they (11) ___have__ (have)
computer-controlled units. The new network (12)
_is___ (be) fast and reliable.

3. Microcomputer system
The I/O (input/output) unit consists of one or more Ics, which
are used to control the data going in and out of the computer. The
ROM (read-only memory) and RAM (random-access memory) units
consist of a number of special digital logic chips which can store
programs and data. The small ROM provides some permanent
storage and the RAM is used for temporary storage. Unlike the
ROM, the contents of the RAM is constantly changing, but it only
operates while the computer is switched on.
The CPU (central processing unit) is a microprocessor. It is the
main part of the computer, which controls the rest of the system
and performs all the arithmethic and logic operations on the data.
Sets of connectors known as buses are used to carry the
internal signals between each unit. The data bus is used to transfer
data between all the units. The control bus is used to send control
signals from the CPU to the other units. The address bus is used to
send signals from the CPU which indicate the memory and I/O
locations to be used.

4. Fill in the gaps in this table based on the text above
Component Purpose
I/O unit Controls data going in and out of the
computer
Store program and data
Temporary storage
CPU
To transfer data between unit
Control bus
Sends signals from the CPU which indicate
the memory and I/O locations to be used

5. Reading Comprehension: Answer these questions based on
the text above
1. What does the text inform you?
2. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
3. How do the buses work?
4. Draw a diagram that describe the information on
the text!

6. Read the text carefully and fill the blanks with suitable verbs
(active or passive)
The Electric Motor
In an electric motor, an electric current and magnetic field (1)
______produces_ (produce) a turning movement. This can drive all sorts
of machines, from wrist-watches to trains.
An electric current running through a wire produces a magnetic field
around the wire. If an electric current (2) __flows____ (flow) around a
loop of wire with a bar of iron through it, the iron becomes mangnetized.
It (3) __is called___ (call) an electromagnet; one end becomes a north
pole and the other a south pole, depending on which way the current is
flowing around the loop.
If you put two magnets close together, like poles—for example, two
north poles—repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
In a simple electric motor, a piece of iron with loops of wire round it,
called an armature, (4) ___is placed___ (place) between the north and
south poles of stationary magnet, known as the field magnet. When
electricity flows around the armature wire, the iron becomes an
electromagnet.

7. The attraction and repulsion between the poles of this
armature magnet and the poles of the field magnet (5)
___makes__ (make) the armature turn. As a result, its north
pole is close to the south pole of the field magnet. The
current (6) __reverses____ (reverse) so the north pole of the
armature magnet becomes the south pole. Once again the
attraction and the repulsion between it and the field magnet
make it turn. The armature continues turning as long as the
direction of the current, and therefore its magnetic poles,
keeps being reversed.
To reverse the direction of the current, the ends of the
armature wire (7) ___is connected____ (connect) to different
halves of a spirit ring called a small carbon blocks called
brushes. As the armature turns, first one half of the
commutator comes into contact with the brush delivering
current, and then the other, so the direction of the current
keeps being reversed.

8. Skim the text and identify the paragraphs which contain
information on each of these topics. The first has been done
for you
a. What electric motors are used for Paragraph 1
b. The commutator _________
c. Why the armature turns _________
d. Electromagnets _________
e. Effect of putting magnets together _________
f. The armature _________

9. Answer these questions based on the text!
1. What does this text inform you?
2. What does the electric motor do?
3. Mention the components of electric motor?
4. What is the function of commutator?
5. What does “this” (P1) refer to .....
6. What does “it” (P4) refer to ........