breeding research work

1. Advance in breeding system of Sorghum
Submitted by
Divya Singh
UGC-SRF
ID. No. 18PHCBC101
Ph.D. Biochemistry
Department of Biochemistry & Biochemical Engineering JSBB
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences
Prayagraj, U.P., India
2021

2. Introduction
 Millets are group of small grained cereals
 They are highly nutritious
 Grown in marginal or less fertile soils in rain-fed conditions
 Most millet crops are native to India (Bhat et al., 2018).

3.  Minor millets comprise of kodo millet, proso millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, littile millet, barnayard millet & brown
tapmillet etc.
 They are grown in India.
(Bhat et al., 2018)

4. Sorghum field at seed set stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

5. Pearl millet field at seed set stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

6. Finger millet field at seed set stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

7. Proso millet field at seed set stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

8. Barnyard millet field at flowering stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

9. Kodo millet field at flowering stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

10. Little millet field at seed set stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

11. Brown top millet field at seed set stage
(Bhat et al., 2018)

12. Tef crop clockwise from left - at flowering stage, ear head,
threshed grains (Bhat et al., 2018)

13.  They are low water consuming crops
 Rainfall(http://www.agrochart)
(Bhat et al., 2018)

14. Water requirement of different crops in (mm)
(Bhat et al., 2018)

15. Nutrient content of foxtail millets
(Bhat et al., 2018)

16. Advances in breeding

17. PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES
 Plant genetic resources
 Genotypes of particular species, collected from different sources
and geographical origins, for use in plant breeding to develop new
cultivars
 Germplasm of a crop may be defined as
 The sum total of hereditary material i.e. all the alleles of various
genes, present in a crop species and its wild relatives
Plant Genetic Resources
COST Technical Committee

18. COST Technical Committee

19. COST Technical Committee

20. Research field of Department of GPB of SHUATS
Sorghum

21. (Seung-Ho Jeona et al., 2017)

22.  Sorghum seed harvest and treatment
Sorghum was harvested 7 times at intervals of 5 days from 25–55 days post heading (HT 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55). The harvested
sorghum seeds were well-dried to a moisture content of approximately 13%, and then applied as samples after removing the hull
surrounding the grain.
 Morphological properties of seeds
 Analyses of chemical composition, total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin
 Assays for ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities
(Seung-Ho Jeona et al., 2017)

23. (Seung-Ho Jeona et al., 2017)

24. (Seung-Ho Jeona et al., 2017)

25. (Seung-Ho Jeona et al., 2017)

26.  Total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannin contents, which are representative antioxidant components of the sorghum seeds,
were in inversely proportional to harvest time.
 The earlier harvest time showed more ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities.
 These results reveal a high correlation between antioxidant components and ABTS or DPPH radical scavenging activities.
 Harvest time showed high negative correlations with antioxidant components or their activities.
 We therefore suggest that during the cultivation and production process of sorghum, it is critically important to select the
cultivar depending on the purpose of application.
(Seung-Ho Jeona et al., 2017)

27.  Selection, hybridization, mutation breeding, heterosis breeding, and population improvement are some of the breeding methods used in sorghum for
developing improved cultivars with high yield and better grain quality.
 By various genomics Modern tools :
 Molecular markers
Initially low density for QTL mapping, introgression of major genes into elite germplasm with high-density markers, association
mapping
 Mutation Breeding, Tissue Culture
 MAS/genomic selection
 Other technologies
 Better standardization of field sites (laser-tilled fields, GPS, better micro- and macro-environmental measurements)
• High throughput phenotypic scoring
• DH lines
• GC/MS
• LC/MS
• HPLC
 Biotechnological approaches such as RNA interference (RNAi), microRNA, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (CAS), transcription activatore like effector nucleases (TALEN), zinc-finger nuclease
are being used to introduce the nutritionally important potential genes through genetic engineering (introducing or editing the
genome).
(Parthasarathy Rao et al., 2006; Ashok Kumar et al.,
2011, 2013)

28. Zn & Fe QTLs in Sorghum Identified
 In sorghum three QTLs for shootfly tolerance were introgressed in
two elite lines (Parbhani Moti and ICSB 29004)
 For the first time QTLs for Fe and Zn in sorghum along with GG
program were identified
 Two sorghum varieties (ICSV 112 and ICSV 93046) were released in
2016 in Kazhakistan to reach 140,000 farmers
Introgression lines with QTL G

29. Integrated breeding program proposed for grain quality traits in sorghum
(Bean et al., 2016)

30. References
 Bhat B.V., Rao B.D. and Tonapi V.A. (2018) ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad Karnataka State
Department of Agriculture, Bengaluru, India with ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India Inputs from:
Prabhakar, B.Boraiah and Prabhu C. Ganiger (All Indian Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India)
 Bravo E.R.(2017) Interactive Effects of UV-B Light with Abiotic Factors on Plant Growth and Chemistry, and Their
Consequences for Défense against Arthropod Herbivores”. Review Article Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 278-276.
 CSE (2007). “Rainfed Areas of India-Center for Science and environment”, downloaded on 29th July 2009 from
http://www.cseindia.org/programme/nrml/rainfed_specials.htm millet network of india - deccan development society - fian,
india.
 Chaudhary J. , Alisha A , Bhatt V., Chandanshive S, Kumar N., Zahoor Mir Z, Ashwini Kumar A., Satish K. Yadav ,
S. M. Shivaraj, Sonah H., and Deshmukh R.(2019) Mutation Breeding in Tomato: Advances, Applicability and
Challenges Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA, 2 National Agri-Food Biotechnology
Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 1 Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Faculté des sciences de
l’agriculture et de l’alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval.

31.  Kumar a.*, R. K. Arya, kumar s., Kumar h. , Kumar s. And panchta r.(2013). Advances in pearl millet fodder yield
and quality improvement through breeding and management practices Department of biochemistry, kurukshetra university,
kurukshetra (haryana), india *(e-mail : amitgothwal@gmail.Com).
 Fatima, T., Kesari, V., Watt, I., Wishart, D., Todd, J.F., Schroeder, W.R., Payath, G., Krisna, P., (2015). American
Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI. Metabolite profiling and expression analysis of
flavonoid, vitamin C and tocopherol biosynthesis genes in the antioxidant-rich sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoids L.).
Phytochemistry 118:181-191.
 Parthasarathy Rao, P., Birthal, B.S., Reddy Belum, V.S., Rai, K.N., Ramesh, S., (2006). Diagnostics of sorghum and
pearl millet grains-based nutrition in India. Int. Sorghum Millets Newslett. 47, 93-96.
 vinsonias@yahoo.com ;www.vinsonias.com
 Seung-Ho Jeona, Il-Suk Kimb, Soo-Kwon Parkc, Ki-Youl Jungc, Sam Woong Kimb, Young-Son Choa,(2017).
Dependence of Sorghum bicolor antioxidant activity on harvest time Dep. of Agro & Medicinal Plant Resources,
Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology,South Korea, Swine Science and Technology Centre,
Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Korea National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development
Administration, Corresponding author, e-mail yscho@gntech.ac.kr 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2017.43.155–162

32. Divya Singh UGC-SRF
Ph.D. Biochemistry