2. Oral Presentation
 “Half of the world is composed of people
who have something to say and can’t,
and the other half, who have nothing to
say and keep on saying it.” - Robert Frost.
 Definition:
 An oral presentation is relatively formal
kind of a talk requiring preparation and
some amount of writing.

3. Defining Purpose
 Identifying Topic:
 The topic is a general outline of the subject.
 It should arouse interest.
 It should stand alone as a message.
 It should tell something about the presentation.
 Defining Purpose:
 Depending upon the your purpose of presentation
– to inform, to analyze, or to persuade – one should
be flexible enough to adjust to new inputs &
unexpected audiences reactions.

4. Analyzing Audience
 Know Your Audience:
 What are their interests, likes and dislikes?
 Are they familiar with the topic?
 Is their attitude hostile or friendly?
 What’s the size of the group?
 Age range? Gender distribution?
 All audiences have one thing in common;
they are at the receiving end of the process
of communication.

5. Analyzing Audience
 Know More About Your Audience:
 Audience’s Knowledge of the subject:
 Do not repeat what people already know.
 Do not spend much time of basics.
 Audience’s relation with you:
 Be clear about your relation with the audience,
e.g. subordinate or superior.
 Think about the responsibility and authority
in relation to people you are addressing.

6. Analyzing Audience
 Know More About Your Audience:
 Audience’s Participation varies as follows:
Purpose Audience’s Participation
--- Low Moderate High
Entertainment 
Ceremonial 
Informative 
Persuasive 

7. Organizing Contents
 Always prepare more material than require, as
this will help you feel confident.
 Arrange your contents into three parts:
 Introduction:
 Main Body:
 Conclusion:
 In other words,
 …Say what you want to say, say it;
then say what you’ve already said.

8. Introduction of the Speech
 “The brain starts working the moment
you are born and never stops until you
get up to speak in public” - Anonymous
 An introduction must be brief & should
state the subject.
 It should also capture attention, inspires
confidence & preview the contents that
follow.

9. Introduction of the Speech
 An introduction may be developed in
the following ways:
 Ask a question
 Tell a story or anecdote
 Refer to the occasion
 Use quotation
 Use an unusual idea or comparison
 Express its usefulness

10. Main Body of the Speech
 Depending on the topic & introduction of the
presentation, any of the following patterns of
organizing the main body can be chosen:
 Chronological:
 e. g. “The Profile of X Institution”, “Changing
Face of the Earth”, “History of Sports”
 Categorical:
 e. g. “Roll of Advertising”, “Environmental
Protection”, “Importance of Presentation”

11. Main Body of the Speech
 Depending on the topic & introduction of the
presentation, any of the following patterns of
organizing the main body can be chosen:
 Cause & Effect:
 e. g. “Impact of Cinema on Children”, “Internet
– Boon or Bane”, “Smoking in Youngsters”
 Problem – Solution:
 e. g. “The Global Warming”, “Population
Explosion”

12. Conclusion of the Speech
 “A speech is like a love affair, any fool
can start one but to end it requires
considerable skill.” - Lord Mancraft
 The conclusion of speech is almost as
important as the beginning because people
tend to remember what they hear first and
last.
 The ending of the speech should be brief,
forceful.

13. Conclusion of the Speech
 Indicate that you’ve reached the end with
verbal clue:
 “In conclusion…”
 “To sum up…”
 “Let me conclude…” or
 “Before I conclude…”
 Use summary of your speech:
 Make an appeal:
 End on a positive note:

14. Visual Aids
 Spoken words are ephemeral, & because of
this limitation, speeches often need strong
visual support:
 Handouts,
 Chalk boards,
 Flip charts,
 Overhead Projector,
 PPT Slides,
 Charts & Tables

15. Visual Aids
 Importance of visual Aids:
 Increase interest in audience
 Illustrate key points
 Signal transition from one part of the presentation
to the next
 Increase impact of the message
 Help listener retain information
 Help you to present ideas without depending on
notes
 Better option in case of language & accent problem