1. Submitted by:
Bhim Pandey
R-2015-AGR-03 M
Department of Agronomy
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INOCULATION
METHODS IN LEGUMES PRODUCTION
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL SCIENCE
PG campus, kritipur, kathmandu
2. INTRODUCTION
Legumes are unique plants which have the ability
to work with certain strains of bacteria (Rhizobia)
to gather atmospheric (N2) nitrogen from the soil
atmosphere and convert it to useable ammonia
(NH3) nitrogen.
The ability of symbiotic fixation may offer an
opportunity to improve nitrogen status of the soil
and crop productivity under rainfed conditions
Plant-growth-promoting bacteria affect plant
growth directly are by the fixation of atmospheric
nitrogen, solubilization of minerals such as P,
production of siderophores that can solubilize and
sequester iron, or production of plant growth
regulators that enhance plant growth at various
3. application of Rhizobium inoculation alone or in
combination with P and N significantly increased
nodulation of soybean
Phosphorus and nitrogen play specific role in
symbiotic N2-fixation through their effects on
nodulation and N2-fixation process
Inoculant is applied to the seed by Dusting, slurry,
seed coating
Innoculation has several advantages, such as
protection of Rhizobia against low pH soil,
desiccation, acidic fertilizers, fungicides or
insecticides
Objective:
TO know the effect of different inoculation
methods in legume production
4. Review Of Literature
Production and consumption trend of legumes in
the world
Average pulses contribute about 3% of total calories
consumed in developing countries, ranging from 4%
in Sub Saharan Africa, 3% in South Asia and Latin
America and the Caribbean, 2.5% in Middle East and
North Africa and less than 1% in Central Asia region
The world average per capita consumption of six
focused food legumes (dry beans, chickpea, cowpea,
lentils, faba bean and pigeon pea) comes to about 6.8
kg/year in 2006-08, which is in the ballpark of the
world average per capita consumption of all pulses of
6.5 kg/year in 2005-07.
Average per capita consumption of other pulse
crops—faba bean, pigeon pea and lentils range from
0.5 to 0.6 kg/year in 2006-08
6. Inoculation and production
The aim of inoculation is to achieve a high proportion of
nodules formed on the target host legume occupied by an
efficient strain of Rhizobium (Evans et al., 1989; Thies et
al., 2001)
Ali et al.,2004 concluded 57 kg P2O5 + 22 kg N/ha +
inoculation produced significantly the highest grain
yield/ha, number of nodules/plant and net return
Inoculation of soil and seed with Rhizobium significantly
influenced seed protein content, N-content of shoots and
roots of lentil and soil, which consequently led to improved
soil fertility and can reduce the production cost of next crop
through reduced input in the form of nitrogen fertilizers,
which in turn also minimize the health hazard effects.(
Ahmed et al.,2007)
The cross-inoculation of legumes of agricultural
importance with rhizobial isolates from wild legumes
resulted in an increase in dry matter and total nitrogen
7. Process of nodulation and N2
fixation
Root nodulae bbacteria can gain entry to their
hosts through root hair penetration and infection
thread formation, via wounds or site of lateral root
emergence or by penetration of root primodia
found on the stem of plant such as Sesbania and
Neptunia(Stem nodulation)
Infection
Penetration
Infection thread formation
Nodule formation
8. Inoculant Application
Dusting
Slurry
Seed coating
the indirect application method the inoculant is
applied to the soil beneath or alongside the seed
10. Materials And Methods
This term paper was prepared by collecting the
information about the related topics from the
different secondary sources.
books,
magazines,
annual reports,
proceedings
krishi Dairy-2073,
Krishi magazines,
Master’s and PhD thesis,
class notes and the research papers
11. Results And Discussion
Yield increases range from 10 – 100% depending on
specific soil conditions. On soils with average fertility,
increases in yield usually vary between 15-25%.
Rhizobium inoculation also Increases soil nitrogen for
future crops it is because Generally the amount of
nitrogen fixed by the plant will be about 75% of the
total nitrogen used in the growth of the plant
Nitrogen fixed by legumes will also vary depending
upon species, suitable bacterium population, soil
nitrogen content, soil fertility, moisture and
temperature
A two-times increase in nodules number was
recorded in the combine treatment of Rhizobium
inoculation+90Kg P2O5/ha+25 Kg N/ha this will help in
increasing yield of crop. Dry weight and nitrogen
contents of Vigna mungo plants increased
significantly in response to cross inoculation as
12. Rhizobia in Inoculant Rhizobia per Seed Seed Yield (kg/ha)
0/g peat 0 1502
3x105/g peat 2x102 1876
3x107/g peat 2x104 2143
3x109/g peat 2x106 3217
Inoculant quality affects the yields of legumes
Number of Rhizobia(number/g soil) Nodules Formed by Inoculant(%)
11 71
11 53
1318 34
5495 38
93325 7
229086 12
Effect of native rhizobia on inoculation success
13. Conclusion
There is benefit of inoculating legumes with
Rhizobium on increasing grain yield, plant
biomass and nutrient quality of the products.
The different inoculation techniques have
importance on their own place but most popular
and easiest method of inoculation is seed
inoculation method
