2. INTRODUCTION:
• This Model was developed by Psychologist Geert
Hoefstede in the 1970’s.
• It depicts of a number of cultural dimensions observed
among people working in various organisations around
the globe.
• This model has become an internationally recognised
standard.
3. The six cultural dimensions include :
1. Power/Distance
2. Individualism v/s Collectivism
3. Masculinity v/s Femininity
4. Uncertainty/Avoidance Index
5. Long Term Orientation v/s Short Term Orientation
6. Indulgence v/s Restraint
4. 1. Power/Distance (PD) :
• This refers to the degree of inequality that exists among
people with and without power.
• A high PD score indicates unequal distribution of power
among people.
• A low PD score indicates equal and better distribution of
power among people(power is shared).
5.
6. 2. Individualism (IDV) v/s Collectivism :
• This refers to the strength of the ties people have with
others in a society.
• A high IDV score indicates : Loose connections. There is
lack of interpersonal connection and little sharing of
responsibility beyond family and few friends.
Society values the performance of an individual.
• A low IDV score indicates : A society having strong group
cohesion, and there would be a large amount of loyalty and
respect for members of the group.
7. People take more responsibility for each other.
Society values the performance of the team.
8.
9. 3. Masculinity (MAS) v/s Femininity :
• This refers to how much the society values male and
female roles in decision making.
• A high MAS score indicates : Countries where only men
are expected to be tough and assertive.
• A low MAS score indicates : Countries consider men
and women to be equal and we come across men and
women working in various professional fields.
10.
11. 4. Uncertainty/Avoidance Index (UAI) :
• This refers to the degree of uncertainty societal members
feel when in unknown or uncertain situations.
• High UAI scoring nations : Try to avoid ambiguous
situations whenever possible. People are governed by rules
data, etc.
• Low UAI scoring nation : They are willing to take the risk
and encourage change. There are very few rules and people
are encouraged to discover the truth.
12.
13. 5. Long Term Orientation (LTO) v/s Short Term Orientation:
• This refers to the time perspective.
• A high LTO : In a long-term-oriented culture, the basic
notion about the world is that it is in flux, and preparing for
the future is always needed.
• A low LTO : In a short-term-oriented culture, the world is
essentially as it was created, so that the past provides a
moral compass, and adhering to it is morally good.
14.
15. 6. Indulgence v/s Restraint :
• Indulgence - Society allows gratification of needs and
depicts individuals enjoying life and having fun.
• Restraint – Society supresses gratification of needs and
have strict social norms.