2. RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
⊡ Related Literature is composed of discussions of
facts and principles which the present study is related.
⊡ These materials are usually printed and found in the
books, encyclopedias, professional journals,
magazines, newspapers, and other publications.
⊡ These materials are classified as:
■ Local
■ Foreign
2
3. RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
⊡ Related studies are studies, inquiries, or
investigations already conducted to which the present
proposed study is related or has some bearing or
similarity.
⊡ They are usually unpublished materials such as
manuscript, theses, and dissertations.
⊡ They may be classified as
□ 1. Local, if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines; and
□ 2. Foreign, if conducted in foreign lands.
3
5. A survey or review of related
literature and studies is very
important because such reviewed
literature and studies serve as a
foundation of the proposed study.
5
6. ⊡ 1. They help or guide the researcher in searching for or
selecting a better research problem or topic.
⊡ 2. They help the investigator understand his topic for research
better.
⊡ 3. They ensure that there will be no duplication of other
studies.
⊡ 4. They help and guide the researcher in locating more
sources of related information.
Importance, Purposes, and
Functions of Related Literature
and Studies
6
7. ⊡ 5. They help and guide the researcher in making his research
design especially in :
□ a. the formulation of specific questions to be researched
on:
□ b. the formulation of assumptions and hypotheses if there
should be any:
□ c. the formulation of conceptual framework; d. the selection
and application of the methods of research;
□ e. the selection and application of sampling techniques;
Importance, Purposes, and
Functions of Related Literature
and Studies
7
8. □ f. the selection and/or preparation and validation of
research instruments for gathering data;
□ g. the selection and application of statistical procedures;
□ h. the analysis, organization, presentation, and
interpretation of data;
□ i. the making of the summary of implications for the whole
study;
□ j. the formulation of the summary of findings, conclusions,
and recommendations;
⊡ 6. They help and guide the researcher in making comparison
between his findings with the findings of other researchers on
similar studies .
Importance, Purposes, and
Functions of Related Literature
and Studies
8
10. ⊡ 1. The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible.
⊡ 2. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased.
⊡ 3. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study.
⊡ 4. Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely
original and true facts or data to make them valid and reliable.
⊡ 5. Reviewed materials must not be too few nor too many.
Characteristic of Related
Literature and Studies
10
12. The sources of related literature and studies may include the following:
⊡ 1. Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, and other similar references.
⊡ 2. Articles published in professional journals, magazines, periodicals, newspapers,
and other publications.
⊡ 3. Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and diaries.
⊡ 4. Unpublished theses and dissertations.
⊡ 5. The Constitution, and laws and statutes of the land.
⊡ 6. Bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from government offices and
departments, especially from the Office of the President of the Philippines and the
Department of Education.
⊡ 7. Records of schools, public and private, especially reports of their activities
⊡ 8. Reports from seminars, educational or otherwise.
⊡ 9. Official reports of all kinds, educational, social, economic, scientific, technological,
political, etc. from the government and other entities.
Sources of Literature and
Related Studies
12
