3. LOW BACK PAIN
• Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder
involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of
the back.
• Pain can vary from a dull constant ache to a
sudden sharp feeling.
• Low back pain may be classified by duration as
acute (pain lasting less than 6 weeks), sub-
chronic (6 to 12 weeks), or chronic (more than
12 weeks).
4. CAUSES
• Sitting for long period time.
• Standing for long periods without
moving.
• Poor sitting or sleeping posture.
• Obesity.
• Lack of regular exercises.
• Bad posture.
6. Painful arc syndrome
• It is a clinical syndrome which occurs
when the tendons of the rotator
cuff muscles become irritated and
inflamed as they pass through the
subacromial space, the passage beneath
the acromion.
• This can result in pain, weakness and
loss of movement at the shoulder.
7.
8. Causes
• It occurs when there is impingement of tendons or bursa in
the shoulder from bones of the shoulder.
• Overhead activity of the shoulder, especially repeated activity
• Examples include: painting, lifting, swimming, tennis, and
other overhead sports.
• Other risk factors include bone and joint abnormalities.
9. Treatment goals
• To relieve pain & swelling.
• To decrease inflammation.
• To retard muscle atrophy & strengthen cuff muscle.
• To maintain & improve ROM.
• To increase neuromuscular control.
• To increase strength, endurance & power.
10. Fasciitis
• Plantar fasciitis the most common cause of heel pain.
• The plantar fascia is the flat band of tissue (ligament) that
connects your heel bone to your toes.
• It supports the arch of your foot.
• If you strain your plantar fascia, it gets weak, swollen, and
irritated (inflamed). Then your heel or the bottom of your foot
hurts when you stand or walk.
11.
12. Causes
• Straining the ligament that supports your arch.
• Repeated strain can cause tiny tears in the ligament. These
can lead to pain and swelling.
13. Treatment
• Give your feet a rest.
• Cut back on activities that make your foot hurt.
• Try not to walk or run on hard surfaces.
• To reduce pain and swelling, try putting ice on your heel.
• Take an over-the-counter pain reliever like ibuprofen.
• Do toe stretches.
• Calf stretches.
• Towel stretches.
14. Leprosy
• Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused
by Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus.
• The disease mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves,
mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes.
15.
16. Signs
• Pale or slightly reddish patch.
• Definite loss of sensation in the patch.
• Signs of damage to nerves.
• Definite loss of sensation in hands/feet.
• Weakness of muscles of hands/feet/face.
• Visible deformity of hands/feet/face.
17. Mode of transmission
• Transmission by inhalation.
• Droplet infection (most common).
• Transmission by contact.
• Skin to skin contact with infectious cases.
• Contact with soil.
18. Treatment
• Leprosy is curable with a treatment known as multidrug
therapy.
• Treatment for paucibacillary leprosy is with the medications
dapsone and rifampicin for six months.
• Treatment for multibacillary leprosy consists of rifampicin,
dapsone, and clofazimine for 12 months.
