This document summarizes research conducted on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV) in West Bengal, India from 2011-2014. It provides details on experimental locations, agronomic practices tested, and results. Key findings include: 1) Mechanical weeding 2-3 times and use of botanical extracts or the herbicide pretilachlor provided effective weed control and yielded 79-88% higher than the weedy check plot. 2) Maximum grain yields of 5.8-6 t/ha were obtained with one hand weeding plus two mechanical weedings or use of pretilachlor and botanical

1. PROF. R. K.Ghosh, FAPS, FISWS,RAISWS, FAAPP
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE,
BIDHAN CHANDRA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA (BCKV),
MOHANPUR, NADIA, WEST BENGAL
Email: drraj2015@rediffmail.com Tel: (M)- 919433145340
Research on System of Rice Intensification
(SRI)--Results & Experiences, BCKV

2. For SRI Research through
Sponsoring Adhoc Project,
“Improvement of productivity of land through
diversity and activity of soil organisms in
various agro ecosystem of the System of
Rice Intensification (SRI) in West Bengal”
Principal Investigator:
Prof. R.K.Ghosh, Agronomy, BCKV
THANKS TO
Sir Dorabji Tata Trust and Allied Trusts (SDTT)
Eruchshaw Building; 5th Floor,
(Opposite ICICI Bank), 249, DN Road, Mumbai
And SRI SECRETARIAT

3. WHY SRI
RICE BMP WITH AVAILBLE RESOURCES
Food Security
Increase productivity by minimizing production loss in
gradual decreasing per capita land
Climate Change
Change of Biodiversity: Emission of Green House
Gases Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Carbon Di
Oxide (CO2), Carbon Mono Oxide (CO) etc.
from transplanted puddled rice field
Improve Farmers’ Thinking
Soil & Plant health by diversification of crops,
use of more OM increase soil microflora &
balance nutrition reduces pest attack

4. Major Questions for SRI Research
If Methane GHG is more in Traditional Puddle Rice
then using lesser water in SRI (wet & dry method)
what is the fate of Nitrous oxide GHG in rice soil ?
Whether more organic manure can reduce the
nitrous oxide in SRI by more mineralization ?
(e.g. Sodamide (NaNH2) can reduce nitrous oxide
to Azides liberating Ammonia
N2O + 2NaNH2 NaN3 + NH3 + NaOH )
Whether soil has the capacity to produce 25-30 t
ha-1 biomass (if grain yield is 10-15 t ha-1) - what
about the nutrient & microflora status ? What about
the yield of other crops grown in this field ??
If more balanced nutrition (more Organic) Pest
attack is lesser – what percent reduction of pests?
 In Summer paddy 15 days old seedling (winter) it
is difficult for single transplanting – Lack of skilled

5. ACTIVE SCIENTISTS / RESEARCHERS & NGOs
INVOLVED IN SRI RESEARCH DURING 2011-14
Prof. R.K.Ghosh – Agronomy, BCKV, West Bengal
Dr. P.K.Patra – Soil Science & Ag. Chemistry, BCKV, West Bengal
Dr. M. Dhara & Mr. M.K.Bhowmik-
RRS, Chinsurah, Govt. of West Bengal
Prof. A. Chakraborty & Dr. K.K.mandal-
RRS, Sekhampur, Birbhum,BCKV
Dr. K.Pramanick- PSB,Viswa Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal
Mr. S. Pal & Mr. G. Banerjee- Rajarhat Prasari, Kolkata
Mr. P. Mishra & Mr. A. Chanda- Ambuja Cement Foundation, Howrah
Ms. S. Sentharagai, Research Scholar, Agronomy, BCKV
Ms. Diana Shamurailatpam- Sr. Research Fellow, Agronomy, BCKV
Ms. Dipsikha Chakrabarty-
Research Scholar, Soil Sci. & Ag. Chemistry, BCKV

6. Major objectives of SRI Research
1. To conduct & Spread SRI in Rice growing districts of West Bengal
2. To find out proper ecosafe weed management – Yield & Soil microflora study
Effect of botanicals, mechanical, chemical & physical methods on weed biomass
& soil health (As SRI needs lesser water, weeds are more & control is a problem)
3. To find out INM ratio (IN-N + OR- N) ; Effect on soil health improvement
& To find out infestation of plant pests (weed, insect, disease & nematodes)
In more organic manure plot in comparison to more inorganic fertilizer plot
4. To find out water saving amount without affecting yield and to find out the effect
on green house gas emissions (CO,CO2, N2O, Methane etc.) in SRI
SRI needs lesser water so lesser methane expecting than TTR but more nitrous
oxide also expecting in SRI than TTR
5. Nutrient x Water interaction – Whether more organic manures
(neem cake/ vermicompost etc. ) can reduce nitrous oxide
emission in SRI plots where lesser water is applying – Studies on
Nitrogen mineralization – microflora density

7. BCKV SRI RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL SITES
2011-12 (Starting Year) – 6 Locations
On Station Trial (2 Locations)
BCKV Research Farm, Mohanpur, Nadia
RRS, Chinsurah, Government of West Bengal
On Farm Trial ( 04 Locations)
Nadia – Chandamari and Fulkalmi (BCKV)
On Farm Co Centres
24 Parganas (South) – Gosaba (Rajarhat Prasari)
Howrah – Uluberia (Ambuja Cement Foundation)

8. BCKV SRI RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL SITES
2012-13 – 13 Locations
On Station Trial (3 Locations)
BCKV Research Farm, Mohanpur, Nadia
RRS, Sekhampur Farm, Birbhum, BCKV
RRS, Chinsurah, Government of West Bengal
On Farm Trial ( 10 Locations)
Hooghly – Gurap and Radhanagar
Burdwan – Amarpur and Raina
Nadia – Chandamari and Fulkalmi
Paschim Medinipur - Bhobla, Mangrul
Purba Medinipur – Khanru Radhanagar, Raur
On Farm Co Centres
24 Parganas (South) – Gosaba (Rajarhat Prasari)
Howrah – Uluberia (Ambuja Cement Foundation)

9. BCKV SRI RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL SITES
2013-14 – 15 Locations
On Station Trial (4 Locations)
BCKV Research Farm, Mohanpur, Nadia
RRS, Sekhampur Farm, Birbhum, BCKV
RRS, Chinsurah, Government of West Bengal
PSB, Visva – Bharati University, Sriniketan
On Farm Trial ( 11 Locations)
Hooghly – Gurap and Radhanagar
Burdwan – Amarpur and Raina
Nadia – Chandamari and Fulkalmi
Paschim Medinipur - Bhobla, Mangrul
Purba Medinipur – Khanru Radhanagar, Raur
24 Parganas (North)- Bajitpur, Bagda
On Farm Co Centres
24 Parganas (South) – Gosaba (Rajarhat Prasari)
Howrah – Uluberia (Ambuja Cement Foundation)

10. FOR Final Outcome in SRI Research
Nutrient balance sheet after 3 years of SRI Research
Recording of Scientific data related to GHG CO, CO2,
N2O and Methane in SRI & Traditional TR
Evaluation of Bioefficacy & Phytotoxicity of newly
identified bio-pesticides along with organic herbicides
Pests surveillance in Nutrient Management plots to
record whether more organic plots showing lesser
pests attack than Traditional TR
Microflora status in Nutrient and Weed Management
plots after 3 years of SRI Research
Calculation of Water saving & cost
On Farm Acceptance of SRI – Farmers’ View – Problem
facing – Percent Farmer accepting SRI in a location
Integrated efforts of Government, SAUs, NGOs & Farmers

11. SRI BMP AGRONOMIC PRACTICES
Seed Treatment- Seeds (@ 8 kg ha-1) were
treated with salt water @ 160 g salt litre-1 of
water. Then Collected 100% pure bold seeds &
washed in fresh water. This was followed by
Treatment with Trichoderma viridi @ 4 g kg-1 of
paddy seed and then making a paste of
Biofertlizer @ 250 g kg-1 of paddy seed. Kept
this seed paste overnight and then these
were sown in nursery after sprouting in
Dapag method
OM used in Nursery and Ash + Sand were
also used after germination
15-18 days old seedlings were transplanted
in the puddled field

12. Remove weeds in seed bed Application of Neem Cake
Application of
Compost+BF

13. Transplanting
Sand
seed bed
Field seed bed

14. Transplanting in less water
8 DAT

15. FINAL LAND PREPARATION
Use NC 2 t + COMPOST 3 t +
SSP 60 kg + MOP 15 kg +
Biofertlizers 1 kg ha-1
BUT NO NITROGEN
Nitrogen has no need for rice plant now
but can enhance the weed growth
Thus N (25 kg urea ha-1) were applied
at 12-15 DAT after the rice root
establishment in new field and this
will improve the growth of the rice
plant which can suppress the weeds

16. 25 kg Urea and 15 kg MOP ha-1 each
applied at Active Tillering, PI & Flowering
Urea/ MOP mix with double amount dry
soil and apply in moist soil only (not in
stagnant water / dry field)
Diversification of Crops – Dhaincha with
Rice (Brown manuring) / Grow legume
crops – Senji, Gram, Cowpea, Azolla, Lentil
etc. More carbon
 Use balance nutrients by applying more
organic manures and biofertilizers
Fertilizer Top Dressing

17. Experimental
Results

18. Experimental Results (Summer 2012 & 2013)
WEED MANAGEMENT
T1 - Weedy check
T2 - 3 Mechanical Weeding by Rotary weeder at 15, 25 and 40DAT
T3 - 2 Mechanical Weeding by Rotary weeder at 20 and 40 DAT
T4 - 1 Hand Weeding at 25 DAT + 2 Mechanical Weeding at 15 and 40 DAT
T5 - Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 500g ha-1at 1DAT + 2 MW 15 and 40 DAT
T6- Mixture of Calotropis leaves, Parthenium leaves and Teak leaves 5%
extract + 0.5% Tween 80 at 1 DAT + 2 MW at 15 and 40 DAT
No. of Panicle, , Weed Dry weight , WCE , HEI & WPMI and Grain yield of SRI Weed management at BCKV
Treatme
nt
No. of panicle
plant-1
2012 2013
Weed Dry weight (g m-2 ) WCE (%)
40 DAT
2012 2013 2012 2013
Grain Yield (t ha-1) HEI WPMI
2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013
T1
15.00 22.00 7.12 9.47 - 3.10 3.12 - - - -
T2
18.50 23.75 5.66 20.51 7.21 23.87 4.20 4.27 0.44 0.48 1.70 1.80
T3
20.25 24.50 2.65 62.78 3.10 67.26 5.10 5.30 1.73 2.14 4.42 5.19
T4
24.25 30.50 0.93 86.94 1.79 81.10 5.80 5.93 6.67 4.83 14.33 10.06
T5
22.25 29.00 1.81 83.43 2.89 69.48 5.45 5.70 2.98 2.71 6.92 5.99
T6
20.50 27.50 3.03 57.44 4.22 55.44 5.33 5.63 1.69 1.81 4.04 4.05
CD 5% 1.35 1.44 0.25 0.40

19. Effect of different weed management treatments
on root biomass of transplanted SRI paddy at 30, 45
and 60 DAT during summer 2012 & 2013 and Net
Production value (NPV) (mean of 2012 @ 2013)
Treatments Root biomass (g m-2)
30 DAT 45 DAT 60 DAT NPV
Mean Mean Mean
T1- WC 112.0 114.2 115.0 0.71
T2- 2MW 116.9 119.1 126.1 1.02
T3- 3MW 118.7 120.4 129.9 1.35
T4- 1HW+
2MW 124.8 126.9 136.8 1.53
T5- CC+2MW 124.1 127.8 135.9 1.55
T6- BC+2MW 123.6 126.1 134.5 1.62

20. Cyperus difformis in summer
transplanted paddy at BCKV Field

21. Infestation of Echinochloa spp.
in summer SRI (On Farm, Nadia)

22. Ludwigia octovalvis & Alternanthera
spp. in summer transplanted SRI
at On farm Hooghly

23. Preparation of 10% aqua’s extract
Collect green leaf / plant part / root part /
deciduous leaf part / stem Part
Dry these plant parts under shade condition
Dried up plant parts grind
100 g powder placed into the glass container
Add 900 ml distilled water
Soaked overnight
Boil this for two hrs. at 600 C
After proper boiling the plant parts are
separated by filter paper & Collect the extract
Preparation spray solution
Add 0. 25% non ionic surfactant
e.g. Tween- 80, Tween- 20, S -145 etc. L-1 water
It is ready to spray @ 100 ml litre-1

24. RAW Extracts

25. Bamboo root and Bamboo
Leaves powder
Preparation of bamboo
aqueous leaf extract
Cucumber Leaves

26. Calotropis hexen
Calotropis methanol
Parthenium hexen Parthenium methanol
Tectona hexen
Tectona methanol
Preparation
of
Bioherbicides
at
BCKV, India

27. Tectona
grandis
(Segun)
Salicyclic acid
Bambusa
vulgaris
(Bamboo)
Rutin Tricin Luteoalin
Calotropis
procera
(Akanda)
Calotropin
Parthenium
hysterophorus
(Wild carrot /
Gajar gash)
Sesquiterpene lactones
A: Germacranolides
B: Heliangolides
C+D: Guaianolides
E: Pseudoguaianolides
F: Hypocretenolides
G: Eudesmanolide
Phenol Parthenin

28. Weeders help to supply Oxygen

29. Spraying of
chemical
Pretilachlor 30.7 %
on
SRI at 1 DAT

30. Achievements
Botanicals and Chemical
herbicides followed by two
mechanical (Paddy Weeder)
weeding at 20 & 40 DAT yielded
79.0 % & 76.0 % more than Control
Plot, respectively. These two
treatments were at par with HW +
2 MW (88.0%). Average NPV of
Botanicals were 3.14 & 3.77 %,
more than HW and Chemicals,
respectively & and over the control
by 54.1 %.

31. Weed Management
Recommendation:
a) Use of Dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) two months
before puddling & incorporation of 40-45 days
dhaincha) or Glyphosate + Oxyfluorfen mixture
@ 2 g litre-1 water at one month ago of puddling
b) Use of aqueous extracts of botanicals (Akand +
Parthenium + Segun leave powder) @ 100 ml litre-1
or Environment safer green labeled herbicide
Pretilachlor 30.7% EC @ 500 g ha-1 (3 ml litre-1 Rifit
/Erase N) at 1-2 DAT
c) Use of paddy weeder at 20 & 40 DAT
d) Diversification of Crops- More legume crops
in cropping sequence / crop rotation

32. Experimental Results
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
T1– Farmers’ common practice
T2 – 100% Nutrient from Chemical source
T3 - 25% Nutrient N from Organic source + 75% from chemical source + PK same as T2
T4 – 50% Nutrient N from Organic source + 50% from chemical source + PK same as T2
T5 – 50% Nutrient N from chemical source + Green manuring (Dhaincha) + Rest
Nutrient N from other Organic source
No. of panicles during summer 2012 & 2013
Treatment No. of panicles plant-1
2012 2013 Mean % change from FP
T1 18.0 24.25 21.13
T2 17.0 24.25 20.63 -2.37
T3 16.0 24.10 20.05 -2.98
T4 25.0 23.06 24.03 13.72
T5 19.0 23.09 21.05 - 1.75
CD 5% 1.35 1.44

33. Treatment
Grain Yield (t ha-1) Straw Yield ( tha-1)
2012 2013 Mean
% from
FP 2012 2013 Mean
T1 4.3 6.58 5.44 5.2 7.43 6.36
T2 4.1 6.16 5.13 - 5.69 5.0 8.77 6.89
T3 4.2 6.49 5.35 - 1.65 5.2 8.54 6.87
T4 5.2 6.7 5.95 9.38 6.5 8.32 7.41
T5 4.9 6.73 5.82 6.98 5.5 7.53 6.52
CD 5% 0.1 0.28 0.1 0.62
Biological Yield during summer 2012 & 2013

34. Treatm
ent
Panicle
length
(cm)
Grain
panicle-1
Grain
yield
t ha-1
(% Change
from N2)
Straw
yield
(t ha-1)
Insect &
disease
pest
infestation
at 55 DAT
(m-2)
Weed
density
at 55
DAT
(m-2)
N1 22.8 185
4.61
(3.7)
5.20 15.00 36.67
N 2 21.5 178 4.31 6.14 11.67 27.33
N 3 20.6 182
4.54
(5.3)
5.98 11.67 28.67
N 4 21.9 185
4.69
(12.9)
5.82 14.33 25.00
N 5 19.9 172
4.64
(10.0)
5.27 10.33 17.00
LSD
(P=0.0
5)
2.49 10.21 0.196 0.434
Panicle length & number of grains panicle, grain & straw
yield of paddy and pest infestation of SRI summer 2014
in nutrient management at BCKV

35. Name of the centre
No. of
tiller m-2
Leaf
Chlorophyll
content (%)
Temperature (0C)
Soil Canopy
BCKV, Nadia 440 48.0 34 42
RRS,Chinsurah, Hooghly 420
RRS,Sekhampur,
Birbhum
400 43.0 37 43
Visva- Bharati,
Sriniketan 380 51.2 28 31
Raina, Burdwan 340 46.0 46 48
Gurap, Hooghly 340 47.0 32 41
Gosaba, 24
Parganas(South)
400 48.4 38 45
Uluberia, Howrah 400 47.5 37 46
Fulkalmi, Nadia 420 38.0 32 47
Purba Medinipur 380 34.0 39 51
Paschim Medinipur 400 48.9 41 50
No. of Tillers, Chlorophyll content in leaf &
Temperature in Summer SRI 2014

36. Name of the centre
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potash
2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014
BCKV, Nadia 242.5 264.3 282.6 29.1 30.9 50.5 190.3 249.1 271.2
RRS,Chinsurah,
Hooghly
soil sample analysed by the Institute
RRS,Sekhampur,
Birbhum
254.4 212.7 234.2 26.9 11.22 26.0 205.5 201.0 235.6
Visva- Bharati,
Sriniketan
226.8 24.6 214.0
Raina, Burdwan 261.8 164.8 - 14.7 36.2 -
204.2
229.4 -
Gurap, Hooghly - 259.5 - - 13.9 - - 245.43 -
Gosaba, 24
Parganas(South)
161.2 204.8 264.4 25.9 27.5 34.10 180.5 195.7 214.6
Uluberia, Howrah 242.2 271.2 278.7 28.7 29.5 32.8 203.5 214.6 231.8
Fulkalmi, Nadia 237.2 212.2 226.0 19.1 12.6 24.4 205.7 225.0 234.0
Purba Medinipur 241.5 237.7 27.4 21.5 245.0 236.9
Paschim Medinipur 267.2 291.0 26.9 28.7 237.8 254.6
Nadia Chandamari 277.2 215.0 11.77 31.5
286.0
210.8
Nutrient Balance (kg ha-1)

37. Influence of treatments on soil microflora
(CFU x 10 4/5 /6 g-1 soil) 2012- 2013
Locations
Actinomycetes Fungi Bacteria
Initial Harvesting Initial Harvesting Initial Harvesting
BCKV 95.39 177.69 23.77 29.02 49.45 92.18
Fulkalmi 93.73 108.41 18.22 24.65 45.90 65.89
Chandamari 94.75 95.56 20.67 25.78 46.28 65.54
Burdwan 95.09 90.00 22.35 22.09 44.49 60.43
Hooghly 95.75 91.45 22.47 21.54 46.07 56.08
Medinipur 95.51 154.00 22.50 27.17 45.76 71.99
Howrah 95.35 166.56 22.36 27.87 45.21 80.35
Gosaba 94.94 174.18 22.78 35.56 41.64 84.41
Fungi (CFU x 104) Actinomycetes (CFU x
105)
Bacteria (CFU x 106)

38. Achievements
INM of 50 % OM + 50% INORG-N
+ PK & NC Recorded
 Lesser pests
 Compared to RDF produced
12.9% more grain yield
 Same plots since 2012
recorded gradual increase in
soil nutrient & microflora

39. Experimental Results (Summer 2012 & 13)
WATER MANAGEMENT
T1 - Farmers’ common practices
(3-5 cm of standing water throughout the crop cycle)
T2 - 2-3 cm of standing water throughout the crop cycle
T3 - Irrigation at Soil hair crake stage
T4 - Irrigation at Soil hair crake stage during vegetative phase +
2- 3 cm of standing water at PI and Flowering stage only
Growth and Yield parameters and Biological yield of SRI
Water management (Mean data of 2012 & 2013)
Treatment
Plant height
(cm)
No. of tiller
plant-1
Panicle
length (cm)
No. of grain
panicle-1
Yield (t ha-1)
Grain Straw
T1 90 15 23.0 190 3.3 4.2
T2 95 15 25.5 194 4.1 5.3
T3 85 14 26.0 210 3.1 4.0
T4 105 22 29.5 315 4.3 5.7

40. Treatments No. of tillers
plant-1
Panicle
length (cm)
Grain yield
(t ha-1)
Stover
yield
(t ha-1)
SRI 22.22 25.88 4.95 8.21
Hair crack 17.67 25.58 3.85 7.11
2 - 3 cm 19.67 25.42 4.23 7.49
3 - 5 cm 18.50 25.21 4.14 7.39
S.Em(±) 1.08 - 208.66 2.55
CD (P= 0.05) 3.27 NS 628.98 0.769
Growth and Yield parameters and Biological
yield of SRI Water management during 2014

41. Irrigation Water delivered (minutes)- 2014
Date of sowing: 06/02/2014 ; Date of Transplanting: 19/02/2014 Date of Harvesting (expected): 26/05/2014
Date SRI Hair crack 2 - 3 cm 3 - 5 cm
18/02/2014 37 47 38 45
21/02/2014 0 0 35 43
24/02/2014 28 45 30 40
27/02/2014 22 0 37 42
02/03/2014 35 44 36 43
04/03/2014 0 0 28 39
07/03/2014 30 51 33 41
10/03/2014 48 15 52 62
13/03/2014 49 0 55 65
16/03/2014 56 55 56 70
18/03/2014 32 0 54 66
21/03/2014 42 51 49 60
24/03/2014 48 29 51 64
27/03/2014 45 0 49 63
31/03/2014 42 33 46 58Contd.

42. 03/04/2014 47 20 47 60
05/04/2014 43 0 45 55
08/04/2014 39 44 42 54
11/04/2014 0 0 31 38
14/04/2014 37 35 33 39
17/04/2014 48 59 46 61
19/04/2014 44 0 40 55
22/04/2014 42 36 41 56
25/04/2014 40 0 44 53
28/04/2014 36 50 37 40
01/05/2014 38 0 33 41
05/05/2014 0 56 35 38
07/05/2014 45 0 40 56
10/05/2014 48 51 35 50
12/05/2014 30 0 53 78
15/05/2014 48 65 49 70
18/05/2014 47 0 43 60
Total Minutes 1146 786 1343 1705
Total hours 19.1 13.1 22.38 28.41

43. Observations
T1-SRI
(2-3 cm WS
at AT, PI &
F +HC)
T2 - Only
Hair crack
(HC)
T3 – Only
2-3 cm WS
T4 - FP
(3 - 5 cm
WS)
Total water
(lit 100 m-2) 68,760 47,160 80,580 1,02,300
Total Rainfall lit.ha-1
received 887.0 litre ha-1
Total Water mL ha-1
(withoutsubsidy) 6.88 4.72 8.06 10.23
Water savings (%) 32.78 53.90 21.23 -
Total Grain Yield
(kg ha-1) 3,750.00 3,347.22 3,027.78 3,138.89
Water in litre
kg-1 paddy yield 1833.84 1409.2 2661.6 3259.4
Water use, Paddy grain yield litre -1 of water use
in summer SRI 2014 in water management
experiment at BCKV

44. 25 55
DAT
25 55
DAT
25 55
DAT
25 55
DAT
CH4 - Methane
(kg ha-1)
25 32 20 27 35 42 40 46
N2O- Nitrous
Oxide (kg ha-1)
16 25 16 37 15 23 17 21
CO (%) 0.92 0.95 0.90 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.99
CO2 (ppm) 394 395 390 393 392 396 398 399
T1-SRI
(2-3 cm WS
at AT, PI & F
+HC)
T2 - Only
Hair crack
(HC)
T3 – Only
2-3 cm WS
T4 - FP
(3 - 5 cm
WS)
GHG Carbon monooxide, Carbon dioxide,
Methane and Nitrous oxide emission
O2 - 20.9% is common in all locations

45. SRI Water in dry and wet
alternative but moist soil

47. Water is removed after 70 % grains
matured or get hardened

48. Achievements
2-3 cm water at AT, PI, & F +
rest at hair crack stage
Recorded
 More water saving
 More Yield
 Lesser Methane emission but
more Nitrous oxide – needs to
be reduced by more OM

49. Nutrient Management
(Boro)
Pest intensity No. of effective
tillers m-2
100% INF High 384
100% OM Low 356
50% INF + 50% OM Moderate 402
25% IN + 75 % OM Moderate 396
Rice Research Station (RRS), GOVT. WB
2012 & 2013
Variety : Satabdi (IET 4786)
Date of sowing : 08.01.2012; 11.01.2013
Date of transplanting : 25.01.2012; 30.01.2013
Date of harvesting : 09.05.2012; 10.05.2013
M. K. Bhowmick, M. C. Dhara, R. K. Ghosh and B. Duary (2014). Productivity improvement
through weed management under the system of rice intensification in West Bengal.
Programme and Abstracts. International Conference on “Environmental Biology and Ecological
Modelling (ICEBEM 2014)”, February 24-26, 2014, Department of Zoology
(Centre for Advanced Studies), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan,
Birbhum, West Bengal, India. pp. 85-86.

50. RRS Sekhampur, BCKV, Birbhum
2012 & 2013
Nutrient management
Weed Management

51. The highest grain yield could be obtained with the T3 which
was 13.6% more than the T1 treatment. An added
advantage of the T3 treatment was the saving of precious
water. About 405 mm of water could be saved in the T3
treatment.
T1 – Farmer’s practice- maintaining 3-4cm water depth during the entire growth and maturity
period.
T2 – 2-3 cm water depth during the entire growth and maturity period.
T3 – Contingent irrigation following hair cracks in the soil surface till maturity period.
T4- Same as T3 but maintaining 2-3 cm water depth after panicle emergence stage till maturity
period.
Water management

52. Visva Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum,
Treatments No. of tiller plant-
1
Dry weight (g)
of plants hill -1
Weed dry weight
(m-2)
Water management
Ws 14 2.15 4.17
Wadw 20 2.26 4.81
Weed management
WC 13 2.30 6.84
3 MW 19 2.30 3.21
PEC+2MW 20 2.01 3.18
Nutrient management
NM1 20 2.43 5.17
NM2 17 2.24 5.79
NM3 15 1.95 5.37
Components Ws +WC+NM3 Wadw + herbicide + NM3
CO2 (ppm) 712 712
O2 (%) 20.90 20.90
N2O (ppm) 91.4 81.5
CH4 (kg ha-1) 56 54
Soil temperature (oC) 28 31

53. Package of SRI for On Farm under BCKV
Crop rotation having at least one legume crop
Seed Management- Local farmer preferred Good seed with
seed treatment (Salt water fb Trichoderma fb biofertilizer)
Nutrient Management- PK & Neem cake at basal and for
nitrogen 50 % organic at basal & 50% inorganic in 3-4 splits
Water Management- Maintaining of moist soil as far as
possible. At PI & Flowering keep 2-3 cm water
Weed Pest Management- Annual planning needed
i) Use of mixture of Glyphosate 71 SG + Oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC
@ 2 g litre-1water during fallow period in between two crops and
sow crops 3 weeks after application of this herbicide.
ii) Use of PE safer green labeled organic botanical or chemical
selective herbicides in field crops followed by two mechanical
weeding (paddy weeder) at 20 & 40 DAT
Other Pest Management- For insects & diseases farmers may
use ITK or any safer green labeled chemical pesticides.

54. On-Farm Achievements
 Increase of Locations 2011- 6--- 2014- 15
 An average of on-farm yield increase in
SRI was 5.7% (2011-12) , 14.50 % (2012-
13) and 15.5% (2013-14) than the
Traditional TR. Gradual increase
 Some Centre not maintain same field
 Farmers are not fully satisfied because of
unavailability of skilled labour, mechanical
paddy weeder & good marketing facility
with proper value of rice
 Needs paid Coordinator and more
Awareness to improve Farmers Thinking

55. Measuring GHG N2O, CO,CO2and Methane
in SRI Paddy at BCKV Farm, Nadia

56. Visiting of SDTT &
SRI Secretariat
Expert at BCKV
Farm, Nadia
during summer
2014
Use of “V” Notch in
Water management
experiment at BCKV
Farm, Nadia during
summer 2014

57. On Station Research on SRI
at BCKV, Mohanpur, Nadia (2014)

58. Farmers visit at BCKV Farm in summer 2014

59. Coordinators
meet at BCKV
during summer
2014

60. On Station Research
Visva Bharati, Sriniketan
Summer 2014

61. On Station Research
RRS, Sekhampur, Birbhum
(2013)

62. Kalinagar, Uluberia, Howrah - Training 2012
On Farm SRI experimental Plots 2014

63. Gosaba, 24 Parganas (South)
Summer 2014
Summer 2013

64. Bajitpur, 24 Parganas (North)
Summer 2014

65. Paschim Medinipur Summer 2014

66. Purba Medinipur Summer 2014

67. On Farm SRI experimental Plots
Chandamari, Nadia Summer 2012

68. Fulkalmi, Nadia
Summer 2014

69. Gurap, Hooghly Summer 2013
Raina & Amarpur, Burdwan Summer 2013

71. SRI Workshop, BCKV, December 2012

72. SRI Workshop, BCKV, March 2012
SRI kharif
Meeting,
BCKV
June 2012

73. System of Intensification – Rice

75. System of Rice Intensification Symposium
Organized by Banglar SRI at Kolkata on April, 2010

77. Felicitation to Farmer

78. CONCLUSION
1. Regarding Weed management
Final result is already obtained
Annual Planning + BC /CC with 2 MW
2. Regarding Nutrient Management
 Nutrient balance & Pest surveillance and
N- Mineralization
2 years more study is required
3. Regarding Water management and GHG
2 years more study is required
4. On Farm Confirmation- Centres will be
restricted (only same plot SRI locations)
with more careful paid coordinator

79. Nutrient x Water interaction :
Whether more organic manures (neem cake/ vermicompost
etc.) and water management
-can reduce nitrous oxide emission in SRI plots where
lesser water is applied
–Influence nitrogen mineralization to ensure enough N
to meet plant demand as well as reduce nitrous oxide
emission
–Activity of microorganisms and nutrient turnover
-can mitigate toxicity of Arsenic and some other
heavy metals in the produce and contamination of
the food chain
Further research is needed for
conclusive results

80. SRI Happy Farmers