1. The Internet of Things
(IoT) and Update on
Cybersecurity Trends
Chuck Brooks
Vice President
Sutherland Government Solutions
Brookings Institute, October 27, 2015
2. The Future
The next decade will lead us into an
era of scientific breakthroughs that
will change our way of life as we
know it. We are on the cusp of
accelerated technological
advancement. We are experiencing a
pace of innovation that is growing so
quickly that it is becoming
exponential. The list of technological
achievements is perpetually
expanding with each passing year
Futurist Dr. Michio Kaku characterizes
this blazing technological shift as
moving from the “age of discovery”
to the “age of mastery.”
3. We have come a long way from the
cumbersome, slow PCs of the 70s to
Google Glass and paper-thin next
generation communication devices. We
are now at the footstep of quantum
computing in The Cloud with flexible
and wearable electronics.
Cisco, who terms the “Internet of
Things”, “The Internet of Everything,”
predicts that 50 billion devices
(including our smartphones,
appliances, and office equipment) will
be wirelessly connected via a network
of sensors to the internet by 2020.
The Digital age and “The Internet of Things”
4. *
Some Key IoT; Definitions/Stats:
IoT refers to the general idea of things that are readable, recognizable,
locatable, addressable, and/or controllable via the Internet.
Physical objects communicating with each other. (30 to 50 Billion objects by
2020)
People, data, things (machine to machine, machine to people) .
Cisco estimates that IoT will be valued at $4.6 Trillion for the Public Sector
in the next ten years
604 million users of wearable biometrics by 2019 according to Goode
Intelligence
The Digital age and “The Internet of Things”
5. * Areas of IoT focus: facilities & infrastructure management,
industrial applications, energy (smart grid) , medical & healthcare,
transportation, building/construction (smart buildings),
environment (waste management), water resources, retail and
supply chain, communications, and education (learning
analytics).
* Technology Trends: automation, robotics, enabling
nanotechnologies, self-assembling materials, artificial intelligence
(human/computer interface), 3D Printing Photovoltaics and printed
electronics), wearables (flexible electronics) real-time analytics
and predictive analytics, super-computing (faster and more
connectivity), increased storage and data memory power, wireless
networks, secure cloud computing, virtualization,
* Policy Issues: ethics, interoperability protocols, cybersecurity,
privacy/ surveillance, complex autonomous systems, best
commercial practices.
The Digital age and “The Internet of Things”
6. IOT JOBS:
One-million shortage of qualified workers in the Internet security
industry in the next five years
Two million jobs needed in information technology and
communications in the next ten years
IoT-related patent filings with the Unites States Patent Office
"overshadow all other technologies." The leading categories listed
in the report are:
• Wired and wireless networking
• Algorithm, encryption, and memory management computing
• Control systems, power management, and hardware
infrastructure
• Other patents in applications, testing, and measurement IOT
JOBS
The Digital age and “The Internet of Things”
7. Cheap sensors – Sensor prices have dropped to an average 60 cents from $1.30 in
the past 10 years.
Cheap bandwidth – The cost of bandwidth has also declined precipitously, by a factor
of nearly 40X over the past 10 years.
Cheap processing – Similarly, processing costs have declined by nearly 60X over the
past 10 years, enabling more devices to be not just connected, but smart enough to
know what to do with all the new data they are generating or receiving.
Smartphones – Smartphones are now becoming the personal gateway to the IoT,
serving as a remote control or hub for the connected home, connected car, or the
health and fitness devices consumers are increasingly starting to wear.
Ubiquitous wireless coverage – With Wi-Fi coverage now ubiquitous, wireless
connectivity is available for free or at a very low cost, given Wi-Fi utilizes unlicensed
spectrum and thus does not require monthly access fees to a carrier.
Big data – As the IoT will by definition generate voluminous amounts of unstructured
data, the availability of big data analytics is a key enabler.
Technology Changes That Have Enabled The Rise Of IoT.
8. The Device Mesh
The device mesh refers to an expanding set of endpoints people use to access applications and
information or interact with people, social communities, governments and businesses. The device
mesh includes mobile devices, wearable, consumer and home electronic devices, automotive
devices and environmental devices — such as sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT).
Ambient User Experience
The device mesh creates the foundation for a new continuous and ambient user experience.
Immersive environments delivering augmented and virtual reality hold significant potential but are
only one aspect of the experience. The ambient user experience preserves continuity across
boundaries of device mesh, time and space. The experience seamlessly flows across a shifting set of
devices and interaction channels blending physical, virtual and electronic environment as the user
moves from one place to another.
3D Printing Materials
Advances in 3D printing have already enabled 3D printing to use a wide range of materials, including
advanced nickel alloys, carbon fiber, glass, conductive ink, electronics, pharmaceuticals and
biological materials. These innovations are driving user demand, as the practical applications for 3D
printers expand to more sectors, including aerospace, medical, automotive, energy and the military.
Gartner Identifies the Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends
for 2016
9. Information of Everything
Everything in the digital mesh produces, uses and transmits information. This information goes beyond
textual, audio and video information to include sensory and contextual information. Information of
everything addresses this influx with strategies and technologies to link data from all these different data
sources. Information has always existed everywhere but has often been isolated, incomplete, unavailable or
unintelligible. Advances in semantic tools such as graph databases as well as other emerging data
classification and information analysis techniques will bring meaning to the often chaotic deluge of
information.
Advanced Machine Learning
In advanced machine learning, deep neural nets (DNNs) move beyond classic computing and information
management to create systems that can autonomously learn to perceive the world, on their own. The
explosion of data sources and complexity of information makes manual classification and analysis infeasible
and uneconomic. DNNs automate these tasks and make it possible to address key challenges related to the
information of everything trend.
Autonomous Agents and Things
Machine learning gives rise to a spectrum of smart machine implementations — including robots,
autonomous vehicles, virtual personal assistants (VPAs) and smart advisors — that act in an autonomous (or
at least semiautonomous) manner. While advances in physical smart machines such as robots get a great
deal of attention, the software-based smart machines have a more near-term and broader impact. VPAs such
as Google Now, Microsoft's Cortana and Apple's Siri are becoming smarter and are precursors to autonomous
agents.
Gartner Identifies the Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for
2016
10. Adaptive Security Architecture
The complexities of digital business and the algorithmic economy combined with an emerging "hacker industry"
significantly increase the threat surface for an organization. Relying on perimeter defense and rule-based security is
inadequate, especially as organizations exploit more cloud-based services and open APIs for customers and partners to
integrate with their systems
Advanced System Architecture
The digital mesh and smart machines require intense computing architecture demands to make them viable for
organizations. Providing this required boost are high-powered and ultraefficient neuromorphic architectures. Fueled
by field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) as an underlining technology for neuromorphic architectures, there are
significant gains to this architecture, such as being able to run at speeds of greater than a teraflop with high-energy
efficiency.
Mesh App and Service Architecture
Monolithic, linear application designs (e.g., the three-tier architecture) are giving way to a more loosely coupled
integrative approach: the apps and services architecture. Enabled by software-defined application services, this new
approach enables Web-scale performance, flexibility and agility. Microservice architecture is an emerging pattern for
building distributed applications that support agile delivery and scalable deployment, both on-premises and in the
cloud.
Internet of Things Platforms
IoT platforms complement the mesh app and service architecture. The management, security, integration and other
technologies and standards of the IoT platform are the base set of capabilities for building, managing and securing
elements in the IoT. IoT platforms constitute the work IT does behind the scenes from an architectural and a
technology standpoint to make the IoT a reality
Gartner Identifies the Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for
2016
11. Data science is an encompassing category. It includes big data,
advanced analytics and predictive computing, knowledge
management, along with information sharing via the
convergence to common smart platforms.
* Collaborative investment and information-sharing between
government and private stakeholders will exponentially benefit
innovation and data informatics in many key areas including
homeland/national security, health and human services, public
safety and transportation. Social media has also become part
of the federal government ecosystem, sharing economy.
Data Science
12. * According to Eric Schmidt , CEO of Google, we produce more
data every other day than we did from the inception of early
civilization until the year 2003 combined. Therefore, organizing,
managing and analyzing data is more important than ever.
* Big data and data analytics are collapsing the information gap
and giving businesses and governments the tools they need to
uncover trends, population movements, customer preferences,
demographics, commerce traffic, transportation, etc. These
tools can also help several industries, including the customer
service by identifying caller trends, healthcare by flagging
potential fraud and financial services by proactively flagging a
borrower that is on the verge of lapsing in payment.
Data Science
13. * Digital Transformation includes digitizing the customer
experience, data flow, supply chain management, governance,
engagement, e-government and virtual government. In its basic
description, it is turning paper into electronic records. Paper-
based to electronically based systems of documentation
requires data collection, processing and analysis.
* The United States Government maintains one of largest
repository of documents in the world. Millions of supporting
documents are compiled and stored every year by a multitude
of government agencies which have a responsibility to
preserve, secure, and retrieve vital information when needed.
While paper documents are still very much routine for
government operations, the goal has been to increasingly
move from paper to electronic images.
Digital transformation
14. * Smart Cities integrate transportation, energy, water resources,
waste collections, smart-building technologies, and security
technologies and services. The term “smart city” connotes creating
a public/private infrastructure to conduct activities that protect and
secure citizens. This includes shared situational awareness and
enabling integrated operational actions to prevent, mitigate, respond
to, and recover from cyber incidents as well as crime, terrorism and
natural disasters.
* Many companies are becoming proactive in preparing for the
expansion of IoT. IBM recently announced that they are making a $3
billion investment in future IoT projects and initiatives such as
smarter planet and smarter cities.
Smart Cities
15. * A “connected transportation system,” and more specifically
“connected cars” allow for safer and more efficient urban mobility
and is a priority for federal and state & local governments.
Connected car technology is evolving rapidly and is now being
tested.
* In a public/private partnership, the University of Michigan has
created a 32-acre simulated city. It is called The Mobility
Transformation Center (MTC), and it is designed to simulate traffic
events and road conditions for automated and autonomous vehicles,
is the largest test facility of its kind and run in partnership with the
U.S. Department of Transportation as well as 13 companies,
including GM, Ford and Xerox. When it’s fully developed, 30,000
cars will be deployed at the test facility and throughout Southeastern
Michigan.
Connected Transportation
16. * Smart 3-D printing is trailblazing future manufacturing. 3-D
printing connotes a three-dimensional object that is created
layer by layer via computer aided design) programs. To be able
to print the object, the computer divides it into flat layers that
are printed one by one. By printing with advanced pliable
materials such as plastics, ceramics, metals, and graphene
there have already been breakthroughs in prosthetics for
medicine and wearable sensors.
* The big advantage for government is that 3-D printing can be
customized, produced rapidly and is cost effective.
The possibilities for 3-D printing are seemingly limitless.
Recently, Rolls-Royce announced it would use 3-D printing to
make parts for its jet engines, and BAE Systems announced
that fighter jets containing 3-D-printed parts are now being
flown.
3-D Printing
17. * 3-D printing innovation are also making its way into printing
electronics, sensors, and circuits. “Printed electronics” or
electronic chips are fabricated by printing their features on top
of thin surfaces. Using semiconducting and conductive inks
and materials, 3-D printers can now print transistors, sensors,
circuits, batteries, and displays.
* Xerox’s PARC, one of the world’s pioneering research and
development (R& D) institutions, has developed jet-printing
processes for printed and flexible electronics resulting in novel
functionality and reduced manufacturing costs. PARC's printed
and flexible electronic expertise can also be applied to
consumer health and electronics products, high-functionality
packaging, and electro-mechanical sensing in a broad range of
medical and biomedical applications.
3-D Printing
18. * Emergent artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality technologies are
no longer things of science fiction and will likely change operations in both
the public and private sectors in the next decade.
* Companies are already developing technology to distribute artificial
intelligence software to millions of graphics and computer processors around
the world. Xerox PARC and Xerox Research Centre Europe have applied AI,
machine learning, and natural language processing to solve a variety of
business problems. AI can understand, diagnose, and solve customer
problems — without being specifically programmed. And the Xerox WDS
virtual Agent machine’s learning technology taps into intelligence gleaned
from terabytes of data that the company obtains about customer interactions.
It also has the ability to learn how to solve new problems. There are many
implications for improving government service by utilizing this kind of AI
technology, including next generation robotics .
* Augmented reality intertwines the physical and digital world by computer-
generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics, and sometimes
even smell. Google Glass and Oculus Rift, are already good examples of
these emerging technologies.
“Disruptive” Artificial Intelligence /Augmented Reality
21. Transportation
* Sustainability of infrastructure
* Converged transportation ecosystems and monitoring
* Autonomous and connected cars
* Predictive analytics(parking, traffic patterns)
* New Materials for stronger construction and resilience
Energy
* Solar power
* Waste to biofuels
* Protecting the Grid
* Batteries (long lasting)
* Renewables
* Energy efficiency
*
Transportation & Energy
22. * Health- Implantable devices; (bionic eyes, limbs)
* DNA nanomedicines and delivery
* Genomic techniques – gene therapy (Gene therapy to
enhance strength, endurance and lifespan Gene therapy to
enhance human intelligence)
* Remote sensing tech (Wearables)
* Medicine for longevity, enhancement
* Real-time biomarker tracking and monitoring
* Artificially grown organs
* Human regeneration Human cells interfaced with nanotech
* Cybernetics
* Exoskeletons for mobility* *
Health & Medicine
23. Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement:
* Surveillance (chemical and bio
sensors, cameras, drones)
* License plate readers
* Non-lethal technologies
* Forensics
* Interoperable communications
* Biometrics: Security screening by bio-
signature: Every aspect of your
physiology can be used as a bio-
signature. Measure unique heart/pulse
rates, electrocardiogram sensor, blood
oximetry, skin temperature
24. Finance:
* Mobile payments
* Mobile banking
* Identity management
* Biometric Security: access control facial recognition, voice
recognition, iris and retina scanners, fingerprint sensors on tablets
and smartphones – pass keys
Agriculture:
* Aqua farming
* Water purification
* New food manufacturing and production tech
* Food security
Finance & Agriculture
25. • Over 43% of companies had breaches last year (including
mega companies such as Home Depot, JPMorgan, and
Target. Moreover, the intrusion threats are not diminishing.
For example, British Petroleum (BP) faces 50,000 attempts at
cyber intrusion every day.
• OPM Breach
• According to the think tank Center For Strategic and
International Studies (CSIS), cyber related crime now costs
the global economy about $445 billion every year
Cybersecurity
26. • Defining and monitoring the threat landscape
• Risk Management (identifying, assessing and responding to threats-
i.e. NIST Framework: Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover)
• Protecting critical infrastructure through rapid proto-typing of
technologies and Public/Private cooperation
• Modernizing security Architectures:
• Better encryption and biometrics (quantum encryption, keyless
authentication)
• Automated network-security correcting systems (self-encrypting
drives)
• Technologies for “real time” horizon scanning and monitoring of
networks
• Access Management and Control
• Endpoint protection
• Diagnostics, data analytics, and forensics (network traffic analysis,
payload analysis, and endpoint behavior analysis)
• Advanced defense for framework layers (network, payload, endpoint,
firewalls, and anti-virus)
• Enterprise and client Network isolation to protect against malware,
botnets, insider threats
Cybersecurity; Industry Priorities
27. * Cybersecurity, information assurance, and resilience are the
glues that will keep our world of converged sensors and
algorithms operational. This has become one of the largest
areas of government spending at all agencies and is
consistently ranked the top priority among government and
industry CIOs in surveys.
* In the U.S., most (approximately 85 per cent of the
cybersecurity critical infrastructure including defense, oil and
gas, electric power grids, healthcare, utilities, communications,
transportation, banking, and finance is owned by the private
sector and regulated by the public sector. 2014 was the year of
the breach for many large corporations in a variety of sectors.
* The leader civilian agency in the government for
public/private cooperation in cybersecurity is the Department
of Homeland Security (DHS).
Cybersecurity ; Government
28. There is a growing need for the following in government :
1) Better encryption, authentication, and biometrics (quantum
encryption, keyless authentication, etc.);
2) Automated network security and self-encrypting drives to
protect critical infrastructure in all categories;
3) Protecting critical infrastructure through technologies and
Public/Private cooperation;
4) Technologies for “real time” horizon scanning and
monitoring of networks;
5) Advanced defense for framework layers (network, payload,
endpoint, firewalls, and anti-virus);
6) Diagnostic and forensics analysis.
Cybersecurity
30. The problems that
exist in the world
today cannot be
solved by the level of
thinking that created
them.
31. Charles (Chuck) Brooks serves as the Vice President for Government Relations & Marketing for
Sutherland Global Services. Chuck leads Federal and State & Local Government relations activities. He is
also responsible for the Marketing portfolio (Media, PR, Digital Outreach, Thought Leadership, Strategic
Partnering, Branding) for the Federal and State & Local markets. Chuck is also an Advisor to the Bill and
Melinda Gates Technology Partner network and serves on Boards to several prominent public and private
companies and organizations. Chuck has extensive service in Senior Executive Management, Marketing,
Government Relations, and Business Development and worked in those capacities for three large public
corporations. In government, he served at the Department of Homeland Security as the first Director of
Legislative Affairs for the Science & Technology Directorate. He also spent six years on Capitol Hill as a
Senior Advisor to the late Senator Arlen Specter where he covered foreign affairs, business, and
technology issues. In academia, Chuck was an Adjunct Faculty Member at Johns Hopkins University
where he taught graduate level students about homeland security and Congress. He has an MA in
International relations from the University of Chicago, and a BA in Political Science from DePauw
University, and a Certificate in International Law from The Hague.
Twitter: @ChuckDBrooks
Linked in Profile: http://www.linkedin.com/in/chuckbrooks
Chuck Brooks Bio:
