Psychology defines such mental processes as “mechanisms that mediate the individual’s reaction to emotional conflicts and to external stressors” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 819). Defense mechanisms are typically “ordered hierarchically and divided into four categories according to their psychosocial maturity and level of adaptedness” (Fang et al., 2020, p. 2). Questionnaire on Life style index by Robert Plutchik et.al is very useful method to evaluate own 8 defense mechanism.

1. Compiled by Col Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd),
MTech,CE(I),FIE(I),FIETE,FISLE,FInstOD,AMCSI
Contact -9007224278, e-mail –
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Questionnaire Plutchik Kellerman Conte. Methods Life
style index of Robert Plutchik.
Ref- Источник: https://intellect.ml/questionnaire-plutchik-kellerman-conte-methods-life-
style-index-the-wheel-of-emotions-of-robert-plutchik-4516

2. Introduction

3. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 1. It's easy to get along with me
2. I sleep more than most people I know.
3. There has always been a person in my life whom I wanted to be like
4. If they treat me, then I try to find out what the purpose of each action is.
5. If I want something, I can’t wait for the moment when my wish will come
true
6. I blush easily
7. One of my greatest virtues is the ability to control myself.
8. Sometimes I have a strong desire to punch the wall.
9. I easily lose my temper.

4. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 11. I rarely remember my dreams.
12. People who command others annoy me.
13. I am often ill at ease
14. I consider myself an extremely fair person.
15. The more things I get, the happier I get
16. In my dreams I am always in the center of attention of others
17. It upsets me even the thought that my household can walk around home
without clothes
18. I am told that I am a boaster
19. If someone rejects me, then I may have the thought of suicide.
20. Almost everyone admires me

5. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 21. It happens that I break something in anger or hit
22. I'm very annoyed by people who gossip
23. I always pay attention to the better side of life.
24. I put a lot of effort and effort to change my appearance
25. Sometimes I want the atomic bomb to destroy the world.
26. I am a man who has no prejudices
27. They tell me that I am being too impulsive
28. People annoy me in front of others.
29. I don’t like ill people
30. I always try not to offend anyone

6. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 31. I am one of those who rarely cry
32. Perhaps I smoke a lot
33. It is very difficult for me to part with what belongs to me.
34. I don’t remember faces
35. I sometimes masturbate
36. I hardly remember new surnames
37. If someone bothers me, then I do not inform him, and complain about it to
another
38. Even if I know that I am right, I am ready to listen to the opinions of other
people.
39. People never bother me
40. I can hardly sit still for a short time.

7. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 41. I have little that I can remember from my childhood
42. I have not noticed the negative features of other people for a long time.
43. I think that you should not get angry in vain, but rather calmly think things
over
44. Others see me as overly gullible.
45. People who achieve their goals with a scandal cause me unpleasant
feelings
46. ​​The bad I try to get out of my head
47. I never lose optimism
48. Leaving to travel, I try to plan everything to the smallest detail.
49. Sometimes I know that I am angry at another beyond measure.

8. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 51. When I argue, it gives me pleasure to point the other at errors in his
reasoning.
52. I easily accept the challenge
53. I am off balance with obscene films.
54. I am upset when no one pays attention to me
55. Others think that I am an indifferent person.
56. Having decided something, I often, nevertheless, doubt the decision
57. If someone doubts my abilities, then I will show my capabilities out of the
spirit of contradiction.
58. When I drive, I often have the desire to break someone else's car.
59. Many people delude me with their egoism.

9. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 61. Some foods make me sick.
62. I gnaw my nails
63. Others say I avoid problems.
64. I like to drink
65. Indecent jokes confuse me
66. I sometimes see dreams with unpleasant events and things.
67. I do not like careerists
68. I tell a lot of lies
69. Movies for adults make me disgusted
70. Troubles in my life are often due to my nasty temper.

10. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 71. Most of all I do not like hypocritical insincere people.
72. When I am disappointed, I often become discouraged.
73. The news of the tragic events do not cause me excitement
74. Touching something sticky and slippery, I feel disgust
75. When I have a good mood, then I can behave like a child
76. I think I often argue with people in vain over trifles
77. The dead do not "touch" me
78. I do not like those who always try to be the center of attention.
79. Many people annoy me
80. To wash in my bath is not a big torture for me.

11. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 81. I can hardly pronounce obscene words
82. I get annoyed if you can’t trust others
83. I want to be considered sensually attractive.
84. I have the impression that I never finish the job I started.
85. I always try to dress well to look more attractive.
86. My moral rules are better than most of my friends.
87. In a dispute, I have a better command of logic than my interlocutors.
88. Moralless people repel me
89. I’m furious if someone hits me.
90. I often fall in love

12. Questions test R. Plutchik.
 91. Others think that I am too objective.
92. I stay calm when I see a bloody man

13.  The eight mechanisms of psychological defense of a person
form eight separate scales, the numerical values ​​of which are
derived from the number of positive responses to the specific
statements , divided by the number of statements in each scale.
 The intensity of each psychological defense is calculated using
the formula
 n / N х 100%,
 where n is the number of positive answers on the scale of this
protection, N is the number of all statements relating to this scale.
 Then the total intensity of all protections (ONZ) is calculated by
the formula n / 92 x 100%, where n is the sum of all positive
answers on the questionnaire.
 The rate of Plutchik test values.
Источник: https://intellect.ml/questionnaire-plutchik-kellerman-
conte-methods-life-style-index-the-wheel-of-emotions-of-robert-
plutchik-4516

15. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Negation/Denial- A person either rejects some frustrating, alarming
circumstances, or some internal impulse or a party denies itself.
 Generally manifests in the negation of those aspects of external reality,
which, being obvious to others, nevertheless are not accepted, are not
recognized by the person.
 Disturbing information that can lead to conflict is not perceived.
 The manifestation of motives that contradict the basic attitudes of the individual,
or
 Information that threatens its self-preservation, self-esteem or social prestige.
 Thus Denial /Negation is a process directed outward as against Repression
against internal, instinctive demands and impulses.
 Hysterical individuals deny social environment experience which is
undesirable, internally unacceptable properties or negative feelings.
 Denial as a mechanism of psychological protection realized in conflicts of any
kind and is characterized by an outwardly distinct distortion of the perception
of reality.

16. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Crowding out/Suppression- . The main way to protect
the infantile “I”, unable to resist the temptation.
 In other words, repression - the defense mechanism by
which impulses unacceptable for a person: desires,
thoughts, feelings that cause anxiety - become
unconscious.
 Repressed (suppressed) impulses, not finding permission
in behavior retain their emotional and psycho-vegetative
components.
 Repressed drives can manifest themselves in neurotic and
psycho-physiological symptoms.
 Many properties, personality traits and actions that do not
make a person attractive in their own eyes and in the eyes
of others, such as envy, hostility, ingratitude, etc., are most
often crowded out.
 Traumatic circumstances or Unwanted information is really
crowded out of human consciousness,

17. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Regression.A person seeks to avoid anxiety by moving to an
earlier stage of libido development.
 A person exposed to frustrating factors replaces the solution of
subjectively more complex tasks with relatively simpler and
more accessible situations.
 The use of simpler and more familiar behavioral stereotypes
substantially impoverishes the general (potentially possible)
arsenal of the prevalence of conflict situations.
 This mechanism includes the “ implementation in action ” in
which unconscious desires or conflicts are directly expressed in
actions that impede their awareness.

18. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Compensation. This mechanism is often combined with identification .
 It manifests itself in attempts to find a suitable substitute for
 a real or imaginary defect,
 a defect of an unbearable feeling with another quality
 Identifies defects with the help of fantasizing or appropriating to oneself the
properties, merits, values, behavioral characteristics of another person.
 Happens when it is necessary to avoid conflict with this person and increase
the sense of self-sufficiency.
 Borrowed values, attitudes or thoughts are accepted without analysis
and restructuring, and therefore do not become part of the personality
itself.
 It may be one of the forms of protection against an inferiority complex
 E.g. in adolescents with asocial behavior, with aggressive and criminal actions
directed against the individual
 May manifest in the situation of overcoming frustrating circumstances or
over-satisfaction in other areas.
 for example, a physically weak or timid person who is unable to respond to
the threat of reprisal finds satisfaction in humiliating the offender with the
help of a sophisticated mind or cunning.
 They are dreamers seeking ideals in various spheres of life.

19. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Projection. Is the process by which unconscious and
unacceptable for the individual feelings and thoughts are
localized outside, attributed to other people and thus
become as if secondary.
 The negative, socially unsuitable shade of feelings and
properties experienced, for example, aggressiveness is
often attributed to others to justify their own
aggressiveness or ill-will, which manifests itself, as it were,
for defensive purposes.
 A person constantly ascribes his own immoral aspirations to
others.
 More rarely, another type of projection is encountered in
which positive, socially approved feelings, thoughts or
actions that are capable of exalting are attributed to
significant individuals (most often from the micro-social
environment).
 For example, a teacher who has not shown special abilities
in professional activity tends to endow his beloved student

20. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Substitution/" displacement “- The action of this defense
mechanism is manifested in the discharge of repressed
emotions (as a rule, hostility, anger), which are directed at
objects that are less dangerous or more accessible than those
that caused negative emotions and feelings.
 For example, an open manifestation of hatred towards a
person, which may cause undesirable conflict with him, is
transferred to another, more accessible and harmless.
 In most cases, the substitution resolves the emotional stress
that has arisen under the influence of a frustrating situation,
but does not lead to relief or the achievement of the goal.
 In this situation, the subject may perform unexpected,
sometimes meaningless actions that allow internal stress.

21. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Intellectualization/ " rationalization .“ 9 although their essential meaning is
somewhat different. ).-
 Thus, the action of intellectualization manifests itself in a fact-based, overly
“mental” way of overcoming a conflict or frustrating situation without feelings.
 In other words, the person stops the experiences caused by the unpleasant
or subjectively unacceptable situation with the help of logical installations and
manipulations even with the presence of convincing evidence in favor of the
opposite.
 Intellectualization differs from rationalization, according to F. Vasilyuk , in that
it essentially represents “the departure from the world of impulses and affects
into the world of words and abstractions”.
 When rationalizing, a person creates logical (pseudo-prudent) but plausible
substantiations of his or others behavior, actions or experiences caused by
reasons that she (the person) cannot recognize because of the threat of losing
self-esteem. With this method of protection, obvious attempts are often
observed to reduce the value of experience inaccessible to the individual.

22. Interpreting the Lifestyle Index.
 Reactive education/overcompensation - Personality prevents
the expression of unpleasant or unacceptable thoughts,
feelings or actions by exaggerated development of
opposing aspirations.
 In other words, there is a transformation of internal impulses into
their subjectively understood opposition, as it were.
 For example, pity or concern can be viewed as reactive
formations with respect to unconscious callousness, cruelty, or
emotional indifference.