Presented at International Workshop on
Frontiers of Neuroengineering,
Brain-machine Interfaces
& Neural Prostheses
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
March 29, 2011
Translational Research in Functional Optical Brain Imaging
1. Translational Research in Functional Optical Brain Imaging International Workshop on Frontiers of Neuroengineering Brain-machine Interfaces & Neural Prostheses Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China March 29, 2011 Banu Onaral, PhDH.H. Sun Professor and DirectorSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health SystemsDrexel University, Philadelphia, PA banu.onaral@drexel.edu Bossone Research Enterprise Center
2. You are cordially invited to the Britton Chance, Ph.D., Sc.D., M.D. (Hon)Life and Times Symposium and Satellite meetings June 3 & 4, 2011 Philadelphia PA, USA
3. Timeline of Trust Building… 1960 – Learned Chinese from the first Chinese family in Istanbul, Turkey. 1981 – Mentored by Professor H.H. Sun as Assistant Professor at Drexel. Mentored many Chinese students jointly with Professor H.H. Sun. 1997 – President Jiang Zemin announced H.H. Sun Professorship. 2000 – Led Eisenhower Foundation Biomedical Engineering Delegation to China. Organized 1st Asia Pacific Biomedical Engineering Conference, Hangzhou. 2005 – IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Annual International Conference, Shanghai. 2008 – Delegation to accompany Professor H.H. Sun back to China. 2010 –Academic and Corporate Partnerships formed: Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) and Carestream Health Inc., Shanghai President of China, Jiang Zemin and Drexel University President Constantine Papadakis - 1997 H.H. Sun, Jiang Zemin, and Constantine Papadakis - 1997
4. Outline Optical Brain Imaging (fNIR) Physiological and Physical Principles Instrumentation and Device Designs Applications CONQUER Collaborative - Regional and Global Outreach Human Performance, Learning and Clinical Applications Translational Research Field and Clinical Deployment Translational Partners Technology Commercialization Conclusion
5. Optical Brain Imaging Near Infrared Based Platform Functional Near-Infrared Monitor [fNIR] >> Cortical activation-related to hemodynamic changes in natural environments and diverse field conditions
6. Physiological Principles of fNIRNeural Activity & Hemodynamic Response Neurons consume energy (glucose) when activated Oxygen is required to metabolize the glucose As clusters of neurons are activated, there is an increased need for oxygen in that area Oxygen is transported to neural tissue via oxy-hemoglobin in the blood The oxygen exchange occurs in the capillary beds As oxy-hemoglobin gives up oxygen to the neural tissue, it is transformed into deoxygenated hemoglobin Oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb are correlates of brain activity through oxygen consumption by neurons David J. Heeger & David Ress. (2002)What does fMRI tell us about neuronal activity? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3, 142-151
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8. Near IR Stimuli Presentation Peak Oxygenation Initial Dip Post stimulus undershoot Physical Principles of fNIR II Optical Window in Tissue .G Io I .G Modified Beer-Lambert Law
9. fNIR Designs Currently Available Example CW System: Hitachi ETC-4000 MONSTIR: The UCL 32-channel time-resolved imager IMAGENT: ISS, Inc
10. Drexel fNIR Instrumentation fNIR Technology Evolution Fiber-Based Full Head System Wireless system Continuous Wave Portable system 2001-08 2008-
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12. CONQUER CollabOrative(Cont’d)Cognitive Neuroengineering & Quantitative Experimental Research Collaborative Strong emphasis on collaborative research in the field of Human Performance and Training Cognitive workload assessment… Brain integrated Learning (Neuro-Learning) Math, Reading, Problem solving Motor Learning Learning Disabilities Brain Computer Interface (BCI) Neurorehabilitation in Traumatic Brain injury Pediatric monitoring, etc…
13. Global Outreach in Functional Optical Brain Imaging University of Maryland (Dr. José L. Contreras-Vidal) University of Pittsburgh (Dr. Joseph Ricker) Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Dr. Roee Holtzer) Italy – Polytechnic University of Milan (Dr. Sergio Cerutti) Spain – University of Seville ((Dr. Jose Leon-Carrion) – Hospital Nacional de ParaplejicosToledo & Dr. GuglielmoFoffani) Israel – HaifaUniversity (Dr. Zvia Breznitz) Turkey – Middle East TechnicalUniversity (Dr. Veysi Isler) – DokuzEylulUniversity (Dr. Murat Ozgeren ) China – Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(Dr. ShokoNioka) Hangzhou DianziUniversity? Med-X, Shanghai Jiao Tong University? Zhejiang University? United Kingdom – The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) Japan – Bukkyo University (Dr. Yasufumi Kuroda)
15. Air Traffic Controller Cognitive Workload Monitor Human Performance Assessment Portable brain imaging technology can “bring more of brain on task”* UAV Ground Operator Training and Workload Monitor Safe & Effective Piloting Brain Activity Monitor Pilot Expertise Development Monitor Crew can manage & maintain high levels of cognitive information processing Safe & effective performance *DARPA: Dylan Schmorrow, Ph.D. LCDR, MSC, US Navy, Program Manager, ITO
27. Learning enhancement…identifying processing similarities and differences between special populations and control groups Director: Prof. Zvia Breznitz …Lexical Decision Task
30. Optical Brain Imaging… Near Infrared Based Platform Traumatic Brain Injury >> Portable Near-Infrared Technology for Detection of Hematoma Drexel Optical Brain Imaging Team Hasan Ayaz, PhD BIOMED InfrascannerTM Kurtulus Izzetoglu, PhD BIOMED Kambiz Pourrezaei, PhD BIOMED …Solutions Baruch Ben Dor, PhD BIOMED Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED
31. Life Saving… Near Infrared Based Platform Neurorehabilitation >> Assessment of Cognitive Impairment and Recovery Following Traumatic Brain injury (TBI) Healthy Subject Anna C. Merzagora, PhD BIOMED Maria Schultheis, PhD Psychology, CoAS TBI Patient Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED …Solutions
32. Life Saving… Near Infrared Based Platform Depth of Anesthesia >> Portable fNIR system for monitoring depth of anesthesia to prevent awareness during surgery Patient wearing fNIR Sensor Kurtulus Izzetoglu, Ph.D BIOMED George Mychaskiw, MD Anesthesiology, COM fNIR Awareness Monitor James Reynolds, MD, COM Meltem İzzetoğlu, Ph.DBIOMED …Solutions Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED Kambiz Pourrezaei, PhD BIOMED
33. Optical Brain Imaging… Near Infrared Based Platform Cognitive Aging fNIR Roee Holtzer Albert Einstein CoM Subject wearing fNIR during attention task Meltem Izzetoglu, PhD BIOMED Brain activity monitor while walking >> Assessment of cognitive functions in natural settings KurtulusIzzetoglu BIOMED …Solutions Joe Verghese, MBBS, MS Albert Einstein, CoM Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED
34. Optical Brain Imaging… Near Infrared Based Platform Autism, Schizophrenia… Functional Optical Brain Imaging Sensor Drexel Optical Brain Imaging Team Scott Bunce, PhD Psychiatry, Penn State University COM Personality and psychiatric disorders... …Solutions Kambiz Pourrezaei, PhD BIOMED Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED
38. Brainstem Stroke, and others…Terry Heiman- Patterson, MD Neurology, COM Patricia Shewokis, PhD Nursing, CoNHP >> Brain Computer Interface (BCI) Hasan Ayaz, PhD BIOMED …Solutions Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED
39. Life Saving… Near Infrared Based Platform Depression, Chronic Pain, Stroke… >> To investigate the neurophysiological effects of manipulation of cortical excitability by Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) device Guglielmo Foffani, FUHNPAIIN Antonio Oliviero FUHNPAIIN Anna C. Merzagora, PhD Student BIOMED …Solutions Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED Kambiz Pourrezaei, PhD BIOMED
40. Life Saving… Near Infrared Based Platform Pediatric Monitoring >> Functional Optical Brain Imaging Sensor Arye Rosen, PhD BIOMED Harel Rosen, MD Neonatology, CHOP fNIR Sensor for Neonates Meltem Izzetoglu, PhD BIOMED …Solutions Kambiz Pourrezaei, PhD BIOMED Banu Onaral, PhD BIOMED
41. Philadelphia’s Expanding TranslationalCommunity Translational Partners Drexel Partners Medicine; Public Health; Nursing and Health Professions Arts and Science; Engineering; Information Science Media Arts and Design Business and Law Regional Partners University of Pennsylvania; Fox Chase Cancer Research Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Wistar Institute, Temple University, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia University Economic Development Agencies BioAdvance, Ben Franklin Technology Partners, University City Science Center, Keystone Innovation Zone, Select Greater Philadelphia, Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation… Corporate Partners Johnson and Johnson, Integra Life Sciences, Exponent, Medtronic, GSK, Becton Dickenson, Hospira… Business Development, Legal and Investment Partners… Alumni and Friends… …State of Pennsylvania and Federal Agencies
51. University of WisconsinWallace H. Coulter “Science serves humanity”…Address unmet needs in healthcare “Excellence & Sustainability to Perpetuity” through performance metrics
52. Translational Research Technology Commercialization Translational Research Gap R&D… Technology Proof of Concept Feeder Basic and Applied Research Road Map Clinical Validation Industrial PrototypeRegulatorty Pathway Commercialization & Manufacturing Clinical Prototype Preclinical Trials Prototype Feeder …Health Care Products Sealer Funds Business Proof of Concept Research and Development Projects Market Assessment Freedom to Operate Regulatory & Reimbursement… Business Plan Risk Abatement UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY SBIR, STIR, Corporate Ventures, Private Foundations, Private Investors… Federal and State Agencies,Corporate R&D, Private Foundations… Investment
53. Translational Research Gap Risk Abatement Technology Commercialization Translational Research Pre-competition Pre-competition …Health Care Products Clinical Use Premarket / Regulatory Approvals R&D Market Regulatory Pathway Academic Value Commercial Value Clinical Trials Degrees Product Development Theses Papers Clinical Prototype Intellectual Property Preclinical Trials Business Proof of Concept UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY Timeline
