2. Planning - Meaning
Deciding in advance
What is to be done
How is to be done
When is to be done
Who is to be done
3. PLANNING - DEFINITION
“Planning is deciding the best alternative among
others to perform different managerial
operation in order to achieve the predetermined
goal.”
- Henry fayol
4. FEATURES
Goal oriented
Primary function of management
Pervasive
Continues process
Futuristic
Involves decision making
Mental exercise
5. GOAL ORIENTED
Planning start with setting goal or objectives.
The goal may be general
purpose goal or special
purpose goal.
6. PRIMARY FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT
Planning lays down base for other functions of
management.
Planning referred to as the primary function of
management.
7. PERVASIVE
Planning required at all levels of management as
well as in all department of an organisation
Scope of planning is
differs at different levels
among different departments.
8. PLANNING IS CONTINUOUS
Planning is prepared for a specific period, at the
end there is a need for a new plan to be drawn
based on requirements.
Plan is framed, implemented
and is followed by another plan.
9. PLANNING IS FUTURISTIC
Planning is forward looking.
Planning meets future
events effectively to the
best advantage of an
organisation.
10. PLANNING INVOLVE DECISION MAKING
Planning involves choice from among various
alternatives and activities.
11. PLANNING IS A MENTAL EXERCISE
Planning involves intelligent imagination and
sound judgment.
It require logical thinking
and systematic thinking
rather than guess work.
12. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
Planning provides direction.
Planning reduce risks of uncertainty.
Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful
activities.
Planning promotes innovative ideas.
Planning facilitates decision making.
Planning establish standard for controlling.
13. PLANNING PROVIDES DIRECTION
Planning ensures clarity in objectives or goals.
It act as a guide for
deciding what action
should be taken and in
which direction.
14. PLANNING REDUCE RISK OF
UNCERTAINTY
Planning shows way to deal with changes and
uncertain events.
Changes or events
cannot be eliminated
but can be anticipate.
15. PLANNING REDUCE OVERLAPPING AND
WASTEFULACTIVITIES
Planning serve as the basis of coordinating the
activities and efforts of different department.
Useless and redundant
activities are minimised
or eliminated.
16. PLANNING PROMOTES INNOVATIVE
IDEAS
Planning forces managers to think differently
and assume the future conditions.
Identify new ideas and
Prepare concrete plans
based on this ideas.
20. CASE STUDY
Anil is a sole proprietor. He invest 5 lakhs to
extend his business. Organisation has a plan of
increasing profit by 20% with in 5 years. He
spend lot of time and money to frame and
implement the plan. Due to demonetization, the
business is failed to achieve the target with in the
period.
Identify the reason for failure of the plan?
21. LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING….
Planning leads rigidity.
Planning may not work in a dynamic
environment.
Planning reduce creativity.
Planning involve huge cost.
Planning is a time consuming process.
Planning does not guarantee success.
22. PLANNING LEADS TO RIGIDITY
Planning have limited flexibility.
When circumstances have change, manager
may not be in a position to change the plan.
23. PLANNING MAY NOT WORK IN A
DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT
The business environment is dynamic in
nature.
Plan may not be changed according to such
changes.
24. PLANNING REDUCE CREATIVITY
Planning is done by the top management and
rest of the members just implement these plan.
25. PLANNING INVOLVES HUGE COSTS
When plans are drawn up huge cost is
involved in their implementation.
26. PLANNING IS A TIME CONSUMING
PROCESS
Plan to be drawn up take so much of time that
there is not much time left for their
implementation.
27. PLANNING DOES NOT GUARANTEE
SUCCESS
It is not always true that just because a plan
has worked before it will work again.
28. STEPS IN PLANNING
Setting objectives
Developing premises
Identifying alternatives
Evaluating the alternatives
Selecting the alternatives
Implementing the plan
Follow up
29. CASE STUDY
Delhi Trip
Your batch is decided to go for a tour to Delhi. The
responsibility to plan the trip is assigned to commerce
teacher. Teacher searched about the weather conditions and
scheduled the journey after November. There are different
alternative ways to reach Delhi, by train, bus or flight.
After analysing the expected cost and time teacher selected
train journey. They completed journey within the estimated
time and cost. They realised that the reason for the success
of the journey is well formulated and executed plan.so the
teacher decided to use the same plan for the coming years
also.
38. Plans can be classified into two
:
2.Single use plan
i. Budget
ii. Programme
1. Standing plan
i. Objective
ii. Strategy
iii.Policy
iv.Rule
v. Procedure
vi.Method
45. Programs
• Activities for
achieving given
task.
• Detailed statement
about a project
which outlines the
objectives, policies,
procedure, rules,
task etc..
