Comparison of E-Gov practices between Estonia and Nepal

1. E-GOVERNANCE
PRACTICES:
ESTONIA &
NEPAL
DIKSHANT GHIMIRE

2. COUNTRY
PROFILE
01
Nepal & Estonia
E-
GOVERNANCE
PRACTICS
02
Prevelent E-
Governance practices in
Nepal and Estonia
HOW IS IT
MEASURED?
03
International standard
to measure
LESSONS
04
What can we lean &
how can weimplement?
TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. COUNTRY
PROFILE
01
NEPAL AND ESTONIA

4. ESTONIA
● Area: 45,338 km²
● Population: 1,328,041 as of
Saturday, March 12, 2022
● Access to technology:
99% of the population
access services online
● Literacy rate: 99.89 %
(UNSECO)

5. How it started?
● After gaining independence in 1991,
Estonia decided to build on the global
launch of the internet and integrate it into
the construction of the post-Soviet
Estonian infrastructure.
● Preparations for the modern e-Estonia
began with the passing of the
Information Policy in 1994, followed by the
Personal Data Protection Act and the
launching of the Tiger Leap project in
1996.

6. Tiger Leap Project
● Estonia’s efforts to leverage technology for teaching
and learning began in the 1990s with an ambitious
Tiigrihüpe (Tiger Leap) programme to build up
schools’ technology infrastructure, including
providing internet access to all schools.
● The Tiger Leap project marked the beginning of the
prioritization of the creation of Information
Technology structure, by allowing educational
institutes to access computers and the internet.
● This ensured the training of tech-savvy Estonians
from a young age, which continues to allow the
healthy growth of the national IT industry and
development of innovative e-services such as the ID
Card project and the X-Road.
● The project continues to run today and fosters the
development of entrepreneurs and their innovations.
By 2001,
Estonia had
already met
this goal.

7. NEPAL
● Area: 147,516 km²
● Population: 30,020,893 as
of Saturday, March 12, 2022
● Access to technology:
75% of the population has
access to the internet
● Literacy rate: In 2018, adult
literacy rate for Nepal was
67.91 %

8. In Nepal??
● Asian Development Bank supported Nepal in the Governance
Reform Programme 2001.
● A study report on the importance and rationale of paperless
government was prepared
● Nepal also enacted essential laws required for operationalising
e-governance.
● The Electronic Transaction Act 2006, which theoretically
legalised the digital signatures for "some" contracts and
transactions, and the Information Technology Umbrella Act 2014
are key legal breakthroughs.
● The IT Policy 2010, ICT Policy 2015, e-Governance Master Plan
(eGMP) 2007 and eGMP-II 2015 and 10 Year Master Plan 2011,
among others, complemented these laws.

9. GIDC
● e-Government
initiatives in Nepal
started in 2001 with the
establishment of the
National Information
Technology Center to
provide technical
support to the
Government of Nepal.

10. PREVELENT
PRACTICES
02
NEPAL AND ESTONIA

11. ESTONIA

12. E-Estonia
● e-Estonia is the Estonia where you can file
your taxes, do banking, sign documents, vote
in elections and get a prescription over the
Internet.
● It is all fast and secure. You can do it from
anywhere using a state-issued Estonian ID
card This means no wasted paper and no
queueing where you don’t need to.
● As an entrepreneur you can also register a
businesses in as little as 18 minutes, and
check vital company, property and legal
records online.

15. E-Estonia
X-Road National ID

16. X-ROAD
● And while it was in 2000 when
the first e-service and digital
signature was launched, the
following year marked an even
bigger milestone as the X-Road
was implemented for the first
time.
● Described as the “backbone of
e-Estonia”, X-Road is a digital
exchange system in which
various organisations, such as
banks, telecoms companies,
land registry and tax services,
could exchange information
securely and function in
harmony.
It grew over time and there are now more than 1,000 organisations
signed up – including 99% of state services – with another 52,000
involved indirectly.
Each year, the system, operating in the background, handles 500
million queries and saves 1,400 years of working time, according to
the e-Estonia Briefing Centre.

17. NATIONAL ID
● The Estonian ID card system is one of the most
advanced in the world. All Estonia’s digital
services revolve around the ID card.
● Introduced in 2002, the Estonian ID card quickly
became a highly sophisticated digital access
card for all of Estonia’s secure e-services.

18. ● You can use the ID card as:
● – national health insurance card,
● – proof of identification when logging
into bank accounts from a home
computer,
● – pre-paid public transport ticket in
Tallinn and Tartu,
● – for digital signatures,
● – i-voting,
● – accessing government databases to
check medical records,
● – filing taxes,
● – picking up e-prescriptions.

19. NEPAL

20. E-Governance Master Plan
● e-Governance Master Plan (e-GMP) takes a
holistic view of e-Governance initiatives across
the country, integrating them into a collective
vision, a shared cause.
● "Make all Government services accessible to
the common man in his locality, through
common service delivery outlets, and ensure
efficiency, transparency, and reliability of such
services at affordable costs to realize the basic
needs of the common man"

21. National ID
● A National Identity Card is a biometric,
multipurpose certificate containing national
identity, including personal and biological
details of citizens.
● Citizens can use the national ID for the
following purposes:
● As a person's national identity card.
● As a voter ID card.
● As the basis for receiving all kinds of public
services.
● As a Social Security card.
● As a helpful archive for security management.
● By integrating the national identity card system
with other public services, it is possible for
public service providers to provide service
without hassle, short time and low cost.

23. Gover
nment
Portal

29. HOW IT IS
MEASURED?
03
E-Government Development Index (EGDI)

30. E-Government Development Index
(EGDI)
● Presents the state of E-Government
Development of the United Nations Member
States.
● Along with an assessment of the website
development patterns in a country, the E-
Government Development index incorporates
the access characteristics, such as the
infrastructure and educational levels, to reflect
how a country is using information
technologies to promote access and inclusion
of its people.
● The EGDI is not designed to capture e-
government development in an absolute
sense; rather, it aims to give a performance
rating of national governments relative to one

31. ● The EGDI is a composite
measure of three
important dimensions of
e-government, namely:
○ provision of online services,
○ telecommunication
connectivity
○ human capacity.

33. ESTONIA BECAME SUCCESSFUL
● Digital E-Estonia initiative was started in 2001 in schools
and educational institutions which made the students
(then child) accustomed to e-technologies.
● Willingness of the bureaucracy and the political
leadership to implement e-Estonia
● PPP model
● Courageous and patient digital-minded leadership
● Embedded transparency and trust … on all levels
● Effective digital strategies

34. What about Nepal?
● In Nepal, less the 1% of the population is using Internet
and less than 10% people are connected to fix or wireless
telephone network.
● Lack of adequate communication and electricity in the
country.
● The transmission networks also have issues such as low
quality and availability, frequent trouble in link, low
capacity of links.
● Technology adoption is another barrier while introducing
digital devices in Nepalese context.
● Most civil servants who are enjoying the traditional non-
digital technology have an attitude which is resistive to
change.

35. What about Nepal?
● Those who are getting extra benefits think that
they will not be able to hold the beneficial
position after introducing new technology,
hence are not friendly with digital devices.
● Besides these issues, the managing factor also
challenging in the implementation of the plan.
● Political instability
● Digital Divide among the people living in rural
and urban areas.

36. REFERENCES
● https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/nepal-population/
● https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/About/Overview/-E-
Government-Development-Index
● https://medium.com/swlh/the-first-digitally-literate-country-
e9dbc1d0695
● https://www.nepal.gov.np
● https://www.dw.com/en/digital-residency-pays-off-big-for-estonia/a-
41969304
● https://www.workinestonia.com/living-in-estonia/e-
services/#articleblock-ElectronicIDcard
● https://medium.com/swlh/the-first-digitally-literate-country-
e9dbc1d0695
● https://www.ns-businesshub.com/technology/what-is-e-estonia-digital-
society/

37. REFERENCES
● https://estonia.ee/enter/
● https://www.workinestonia.com/living-in-estonia/e-services/
● https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/nepal-population/
● https://blogs.ec.europa.eu/promotingenterprise/e-estonia-digital-
success/

38. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik
THANKS!
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