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THE ECONOMICS OF INFORMATION
IN ALL MARKETS PRICES
   CHANGE WITH
    VARYING FREQUENCY




“Search” : when the Buyer
(or seller) would find the most
favorable price canvass
 various sellers (buyers)
DISPERSION




                                                          DISPERSION PRICE
             PRICE




                               GOODS
              • MANISTATION            • IN ALL TYPE OF                      • SERCH PRICE
                OF THE                   GOODS                                 HAVE YIELD
                “IGNORANCE”                                                    DIMINISHING
                MARKET
                                                                             • BY EXPECTED
                                       • ALSO IN                               REDUCTION IN
              • NEVER                    HOMGENEUS                             MINUM ASK-
                ABSOLUT                  GOODS                                 PRICE
                HOMGENITY IN
                THE COMODITY                                                 • EXPECTED
                                                                               SAVING MORE
                                                                               WHEN THE
                                                                               DISPERSION
                                                                               PRICE ARE
                                                                               MAXIMUM
COST OF              OPTIMUM         UNIQUE
SEARCH               AMOUNT SERCH    GOODS
   • PROPORTIONAL       • COST OF       • EFFICIENCE
     NUMBER               SERCH IS        SEARCH BULLER
     SELLERS              EQUAL TO        –SELLER IS
                          MARGINAL        VERY LOW
   • MORE SELLER          RETURN        • THE POTENTIAL
     MORE                                 SELLER NO
     EXPENSIVE                            KNOWN THE
     SERCH BECAUSE                        COST OF
     MORE                                 SEARCH
     DISPERSION                           DIVIDES BY THE
     PRICECE                              RACTION OF
                                          POTENTIAL
                                          BUYERS
ADVERTISING




MODERN METHOD OF           ADVERTISING
IDENTIFYING BUYERS        IDENTIFICATION
    AND SELLER          (BUYERS & SELLERS)
                             REDUCES
                         DRASTICALLY THE
                          COST OF SEARCH
ADVERTISING LIMITATIONS


          EXPENSIVE

INDEPENDENT ADVERTISED ITEM VALUE



SOLUTION: SPECIALIZED TRADER
SERCH DETERMINANTS



UNIQUE PURCHASE:                     ASKING PRICES ARE
 PURCHASES ARE                        UNCORRELATED IN
                                   SUCCESSIVE TIME PERIOD
   REPETITIVE


                                                           SAVINGS FROM SEARCH
    INITIAL SEARCH IS                                      WILL PERTAIN ONLY TO
   THE ONLY ONE THAT                                           THAT PERIOD
   NEED BE UNDERTAKE



     ASKING PRICES OF                                       SEARCH IN EACH PERIOD
        DEALERS IN                                            IS INDEPENDENT OF
     SUCCESSIVE TIME                                         PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE
    PERIODS IS PERFECT



       THE FUTURE
   SAVINGS EXTENDING                                             CORRELATION OF
    OVER THE LIFE OF                                            SUCCESSIVE PRICES
      THE BUYER OR                    CUSTOMER SEARCH              IS POSITIVE
                                      WILL BE LARGER IN
         SELLER
                                      THE INITIAL PERIOD
                                     THAN IN SUBSEQUENT
                                            PERIOD
GOODWIL:
                              CONTINUED
  POSITIVE                  PATRONAGE BY
              HOMOGENEOUS
CORRELATION                  CUS- TOMERS
                PRODUCTS
   PRICE                       WITHOUT
                              CONTINUED
                                SEARCH
SOURCE OF DISPERSION:
THE COST OF DEALER TO KNOW THE ASKING RIVAL PRICE

                        .
                                                        COST OF
                THE IGNORANCE                       COLLECTION OF
DISPERSION OF   TO CHANINGING                      INFORMATION IS
   PRICES IS      IDENTITY OF                       INDE- PENDENT
                BUYERS-SELLERS.    DISPERSION          OF ITS USE
 CONTINUOS
                  BECAUSE THE       WILL ALSO          TENDENCY
   BECAUSE        FLOW A NEW      VARY: THE SIZE        TOWARD
 KNOWLEDGE      BUYER IN EVERY                       MONOPOLY IN
                                  OF THE MARKE
PRICE BECOMES       MARKET                          THE PROVISION
  OBSOLETE          WITHOUT                                OF
                 INFORMATION                         INFORMATION
                                                      OF COMERCE
ADVERSTING: METHOD OF PROVIDING POTENTIAL
BUYERS WITH KNOWLEDGE IDENTITY OF SELLER

NECESARY IDENTIFICATION SELLER: SELLERS
CHANGES OVER TIME, BUT MUCH MORE BECAUSE
OF THE TURNOVER OF BUYERS

BUYER WHO HAVE MORE INFOMATION /
COMMODIT SERCH MORE

THE PROBLEM OF ADVERSTING IS THE BUYER PAY
THE ADVERSTING PRODUCT PRICE. ITS DIFICULT
INSERT “FREE” ADVERSTING BY THE SELLER.

THE SELLER COULD SERCH AND FIND THE SELLER
WITHOUT ADVERSITNG COST PRODUCTOAND BUY
MORE CHEPPER THAT PRODUCT
CONCLUSIONS…
IDENTIFICATION SELLER &
THEIR PRICE ITS THE
IMPORTANT ROLE OF SERCH
INFORMATION



   SOME ECONOMICS
   ORGANISATION WORK FOR
   ELIMINATING UNCERTAINTIES IN
   QUALITY. IT’S THE VALUE OF THE
   TRADE MARK “REPUTATION”



       THE UNDERSTANDING OF
       ECONOMIC LIFE WILL BE
       INCOMPLETE IF NOT ACCONT
       WITH THE IGNORANCE PRICE
THAKS….

SEE YOU …..
The paper

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The paper

  • 1. THE ECONOMICS OF INFORMATION
  • 2. IN ALL MARKETS PRICES CHANGE WITH VARYING FREQUENCY “Search” : when the Buyer (or seller) would find the most favorable price canvass various sellers (buyers)
  • 3. DISPERSION DISPERSION PRICE PRICE GOODS • MANISTATION • IN ALL TYPE OF • SERCH PRICE OF THE GOODS HAVE YIELD “IGNORANCE” DIMINISHING MARKET • BY EXPECTED • ALSO IN REDUCTION IN • NEVER HOMGENEUS MINUM ASK- ABSOLUT GOODS PRICE HOMGENITY IN THE COMODITY • EXPECTED SAVING MORE WHEN THE DISPERSION PRICE ARE MAXIMUM
  • 4. COST OF OPTIMUM UNIQUE SEARCH AMOUNT SERCH GOODS • PROPORTIONAL • COST OF • EFFICIENCE NUMBER SERCH IS SEARCH BULLER SELLERS EQUAL TO –SELLER IS MARGINAL VERY LOW • MORE SELLER RETURN • THE POTENTIAL MORE SELLER NO EXPENSIVE KNOWN THE SERCH BECAUSE COST OF MORE SEARCH DISPERSION DIVIDES BY THE PRICECE RACTION OF POTENTIAL BUYERS
  • 5. ADVERTISING MODERN METHOD OF ADVERTISING IDENTIFYING BUYERS IDENTIFICATION AND SELLER (BUYERS & SELLERS) REDUCES DRASTICALLY THE COST OF SEARCH
  • 6. ADVERTISING LIMITATIONS EXPENSIVE INDEPENDENT ADVERTISED ITEM VALUE SOLUTION: SPECIALIZED TRADER
  • 7. SERCH DETERMINANTS UNIQUE PURCHASE: ASKING PRICES ARE PURCHASES ARE UNCORRELATED IN SUCCESSIVE TIME PERIOD REPETITIVE SAVINGS FROM SEARCH INITIAL SEARCH IS WILL PERTAIN ONLY TO THE ONLY ONE THAT THAT PERIOD NEED BE UNDERTAKE ASKING PRICES OF SEARCH IN EACH PERIOD DEALERS IN IS INDEPENDENT OF SUCCESSIVE TIME PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE PERIODS IS PERFECT THE FUTURE SAVINGS EXTENDING CORRELATION OF OVER THE LIFE OF SUCCESSIVE PRICES THE BUYER OR CUSTOMER SEARCH IS POSITIVE WILL BE LARGER IN SELLER THE INITIAL PERIOD THAN IN SUBSEQUENT PERIOD
  • 8. GOODWIL: CONTINUED POSITIVE PATRONAGE BY HOMOGENEOUS CORRELATION CUS- TOMERS PRODUCTS PRICE WITHOUT CONTINUED SEARCH
  • 9. SOURCE OF DISPERSION: THE COST OF DEALER TO KNOW THE ASKING RIVAL PRICE . COST OF THE IGNORANCE COLLECTION OF DISPERSION OF TO CHANINGING INFORMATION IS PRICES IS IDENTITY OF INDE- PENDENT BUYERS-SELLERS. DISPERSION OF ITS USE CONTINUOS BECAUSE THE WILL ALSO TENDENCY BECAUSE FLOW A NEW VARY: THE SIZE TOWARD KNOWLEDGE BUYER IN EVERY MONOPOLY IN OF THE MARKE PRICE BECOMES MARKET THE PROVISION OBSOLETE WITHOUT OF INFORMATION INFORMATION OF COMERCE
  • 10. ADVERSTING: METHOD OF PROVIDING POTENTIAL BUYERS WITH KNOWLEDGE IDENTITY OF SELLER NECESARY IDENTIFICATION SELLER: SELLERS CHANGES OVER TIME, BUT MUCH MORE BECAUSE OF THE TURNOVER OF BUYERS BUYER WHO HAVE MORE INFOMATION / COMMODIT SERCH MORE THE PROBLEM OF ADVERSTING IS THE BUYER PAY THE ADVERSTING PRODUCT PRICE. ITS DIFICULT INSERT “FREE” ADVERSTING BY THE SELLER. THE SELLER COULD SERCH AND FIND THE SELLER WITHOUT ADVERSITNG COST PRODUCTOAND BUY MORE CHEPPER THAT PRODUCT
  • 11. CONCLUSIONS… IDENTIFICATION SELLER & THEIR PRICE ITS THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF SERCH INFORMATION SOME ECONOMICS ORGANISATION WORK FOR ELIMINATING UNCERTAINTIES IN QUALITY. IT’S THE VALUE OF THE TRADE MARK “REPUTATION” THE UNDERSTANDING OF ECONOMIC LIFE WILL BE INCOMPLETE IF NOT ACCONT WITH THE IGNORANCE PRICE