English Language Teaching Methodology (Review Literature: The Use of a Short Movie to Teach Writing a Descriptive Text)
1. ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY
(The Use of A Short Movie to Teach Writing a Descriptive Text)
Emeral (17716251014)
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA
2017
2. Introduction
A. The Importance of Writing
Writing is one of the four macro skills which has always formed part of
the syllabus in the teaching of English, (Harmer, 2004).
According to the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 for senior high school,
students’ writing skill is assessed in the end of the meeting.
In addition, writing skill is not only beneficial for students’ academic,
but also for their professional future career, (Hinkel, 2004).
3. B. Main Focus & Scope of Paper:
However, due to the importance of writing, the teachers
should play a part to increase students’ writing ability by
using appropriate teaching media.
This paper is focusing on how the use of a short movie as a
medium contributes to teach writing a descriptive text.
4. C. Descriptive text in the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 :
Regarding to the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 for tenth
grade students of senior high school, in learning a
descriptive text, there are several indicators that students
must achieve.
D. Problem in Writing a Descriptive Text:
Based on microteaching experience: There are, however,
some problems occur in writing a descriptive text,
especially on the tenth grade of senior high school in
Palangka Raya: poor grammar mastery, incomplete generic
structure, and especially difficult in generating idea.
5. E. How did problems occur?
The cause of problems in writing descriptive text of the
tenth grade students of a senior high school in Palangka
Raya was the English teacher did not use interesting
media in teaching writing a descriptive text.
As result, students tend to be less participative, had a
conversation and made some noise, and looked
discomfortable in observation because of the gaps
between them
6. F. How to overcome problem?
The use of a short movie as a suitable medium for
teaching writing a descriptive text.
Advantages of A Short Movie: A short movie which
consists of story and music at the same time will
motivate students in learning and writing a descriptive
text by catching their attention and providing friendly
atmosphere.
7. Review Literature
A. Writing
a. Definitons of Writing
Harmer (2004) writing is a means of reinforcing language
knowledge that has been taught.
Rijlaarsdam, et al. (2005) state that writing is a complex activity
as it involves deciding information, organizing the information
and expressing it linguistically.
In accordance with Harmer and Rijlaarsdam, et. al., Haven (2015)
mentions that writing is a means to an effective communication
as writer convince, persuade, inspire, entertain, and teach
through his writing.
8. b. Writing Process:
Writing process is divided into some stages, they are
prewriting, drafting, revising and publishing, (Graves
in Johnson Andrew P., 2008).
Prewriting: to generate idea through brainstorming ,
mind-mapping, or free writing.
Drafting: the first attempt to capture ideas on paper.
Revising and editing: content and mechanical
aspects such as spelling, grammar, vocabulary and
punctuation are corrected.
Publisihing: writing is shared with audience.
9. B. Descriptive Text
a. Definition of Descriptive Text
Stanley in Syahputra, et al., (2013) state that a
descriptive text presents the appearance of object,
people, buildings or cities.
Besides, Wardiman et. al., (2008) define a descriptive
as a text which function is used to describe the features
of someone, something, or a certain place.
10. b. Generic Structure of Descriptive Text
Identification is a part of paragraph that is used to
introduce the object described, whereas the
description is a part of paragraph that describes
characteristics of the object (Wardiman ,et al., 2008).
c. Language Features of Descriptive Text
The language features of a descriptive text consists of:
(1) Focus on specific participants. (2) The use of
adjectives and compound adjective. (3) The use of
linking verbs (4) The use of attributive (5) The use of
simple present tense, (Syahputra, et al., 2013).
11. C. Media in Education
a. Definition of Media in Education
According to Chan W. M. (2011) media have always been strongly
related to the processes of teaching and learning as the teachers
have always used various tools to represent the knowledge or to
demonstrate the skills they would like their students to acquire.
Also, medium refers to a means of transmitting and receiving
information including all aids which can be used by teachers and
learners in the classroom, (Hyun Lee, 1997).
As stated by Parker David (1999), media can be used to facilitate
development in students’ abilities to speak, listen, read and
write.
Similarly, Cheung (2009) believes that media can empower
students to be more participative, and motivated to learn.
12. b. Types of Media in Education
Regarding to Ohm in Chan W. M. (2011) media can be
classified into auditive media (e.g. piece of music, radio
programme etc.), visual media (e.g. picture, silent film
etc.), audiovisual media (e.g. sound film, TV programme
etc.).
Smaldino, et al. (2008), mention that media can be
categorized into six types, they are text, audio, visuals,
video, manipulatives and people.
Media means not only electronic communication
instruments but also simpler devices such as charts,
photographs, slides, etc. (Romiszowski in Hyun Lee, 2007).
13. D. Short Movie
a. Advantages of Short Movie
Rao (2014) states the use of movie can be entertaining
and motivating tool for learners because movie
provides real-life language input.
Lan Hsieh, et. al. (2010) say that movies provide
exposures to the real language used in authentic
settings and the culture in which the foreign language
is spoken.
Moreover, Kusnierek (2016) believes that music (a part
of movie) in a classroom is a good idea to make
students enjoy learning.
14. b. Teaching Using a Short Movie
Since a short movie is categorized in audiovisual medium,
teacher should be concerned on how to teach it in teaching
that a medium can run its function. A teacher may refer to
audiovisual method. In audiovisual method, there are
several main steps to follow.
Stern in Madya (2013) suggests, “Pertama, pelajaran dimulai
dengan filmstrip dan presentasi pita. Kedua, guru
menjelaskan makna ungkapan dengan menunjuk,
mendemonstarsikan, penyajian bahasa lisan selektif
(mendengarkan), dan tanya-jawab. Ketiga, filmstrip dan
dialog diputar ulang beberapa kali agar siswa dapat
mengulangi dan menghafalkannya. Keempat, siswa secara
bertahap dipajankan pada bahan penyajian pita-dan-
filmstrip yang makin luas” (p.33).
15. Discussion
The teacher should consider learning objective and the duration
as well. Referring to the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 for tenth
grade students of senior high school, in which the objective of
the study is writing a descriptive text about a person, teacher
should select and prepare a short movie which represents a
strong character of the object. The object’s appearance and
personality must be easily understood by students.
This medium is free downloadable from internet.
Indeed, the duration of movie is important. The teacher should
calculate the duration of movie referring to the time allocation in
syllabus that the students will have enough time to compose the
text.
16. After the short movie is selected, teacher starts delivering
the material of descriptive text in classroom.
-
In prewriting, students list the words or idea refer to the
character they are instructed to describe. The next step is
drafting, in where the students make outline of the
information they get and develop the outlines into
paragraph of descriptive text. It is then important to do a
proofreading on students’ work for revision. Finally, after
revising, students will have their work submitted and
published.
Hopefully, by the use of short movie to teach a descriptive
text will make students feel unimpeded and attracted to
observe and generate idea of the object they are going to
describe.
17. Conclusion
Based on the importance of writing, especially writing
a descriptive text for the tenth grade students of senior
high school, teacher should increase their awareness
to select suitable media which can fulfill students’
need. By the use of a short movie, it is expected to
motivate students by catching their attention and
facilitating students’ observation in learning writing a
descriptive text.
18. Suggestion
There are many media available, however teachers should
use medium which give more advantages in teaching and
learning process.
The media used should bring friendly atmosphere to the
classroom that students will enjoy the learning process and
are encouraged to increase their achievement.
Similarly, media cannot run its function without control
from the teacher. It means, in using the media, the teacher
should have a proper instruction or procedure to keep class
activities in control.
19. References
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Hinkel, E. (2004). Teaching Academic ESL Writing (Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar).
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Kim Cheung, C. (2009). Media Education in Asia. New York: Springer.
Johnson, A. P. (2008). Teaching Reading and Writing (A Guidebook for Tutoring and Remediating
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