7. types of vulnerabilities
network service vulnerabilities
web application vulnerabilities
mobile application vulnerabilities
local service vulnerabilities
system vulnerabilities
physical vulnerabilities
8. what is Backdoors?
A BACKDOOR IS A MEANS OF ACCESS TO A COMPUTER PROGRAM
THAT BYPASSES SECURITY MECHANISMS. A PROGRAMMER MAY
SOMETIMES INSTALL A BACKDOOR SO THAT THE PROGRAM CAN BE
ACCESSED FOR TROUBLESHOOTING OR OTHER PURPOSES.
HOWERVER, ATTACKERS OFTEN USE BACK DOORS THAT THEY
DETECT OR INSTALL THEMSELVES
A backdoor is a program or a set of related programs that a hacker installs
on
a target system to allow access to the system at a later time . A backdoor's
goal
is to remove the evidence if intial entry from the system's log files.
But a backdoor may also let a hacker retain access to a machine it has
penetrated even if
the intrusion has already been
detected and remedied by the system administrator
9. what is Trojan Horse?
A Trojan is a malicious program disguised as something benign.
Trojans are often downloaded along with another program or software
package.
once installed on a system,they can cause data theft and loss, and
system crashes or
slowdowns,they can also be used as launching points for other attacks
such as distributed
denial of service (DDos).
Many trojans are used to manipulate files on the victim
computer,manage processe,
remotely run commands,intercept keystrokes,
10. list The Different Types of
Trojans
Trojans can be created and used to perform different attacks.
some of the most common types of Trojans are:
Remote Access Trojans (Rats)-- used to gain remote access to a
system
Data-sending Trojans--used to find data on a system and deliver
data to a hacker
Destructive Trojans--used to delete or corrupt files on a system
Denial of service Trojans--used to launch a denial of service
attack
Proxy Trojans-- used to tunnel traffic or launch hacking attacks
via other system
ftp Trojans-- used to create an ftp server in order to copy files
into a system
security software disabler Trojans--used to stop antivirus software
11. How Do Reverse-connecting trojans
work?
Reverse-connecting trojans let an attacker access a machine on
the internal network from the outside, the hacker can install a simple
trojan program on a system on the internal network,such as the reverse
www shell server.on a regular basis (usually erver 60 seconds) the internal
server tries to access the external master system to pick up
commands. if the attacker typed something into the master system , this
coomend
is etrieved and excuted on the interal system , reverse www shell uses
standard http. it's
dangerous because it's difficult to detect. it look like a client is
browsing the web from the internal network.
12. what is sniffers?
A sniffer can br a packer-capturing or frame-capturing tool it
intercepts traffic on the network and displays it in either a command-line
or Gui format for a hacker to view.
Sniffers are used to capture traffic sent between two systems. Depending
on how the sniffer is used and the security measures in place. a hacker
can use a sniffer to discover usernames , passwords, and other
confidential
information transmitted on the network. several hacking attacks and
various hacking tools require the use if a sniffer to obtian important
information sent from target system. This chapter will describe how
sniffers work and identify the most common sniffer hacking tools.
14. understand arp poisoning
arp allows the network to translate ip addresses into mac addresses
when one host using tcp/ip on a lan tries to contact another it needs the
mac address or hardware address if the host it's trying to reach
arp poisoning is a technique that's used to attack an ethernet
network and that may let an attacker sniff data frames on a switched lan
or stop the traffic altogether, arp poisoning utilizes arp spoofing where
the purpose is to send fake or spoofed arp messages to an ethernet lan.
arp spoofing tools
arpspoof -i eth0 -t (target ip) (router ip)
15. understand Man in The middle attack
the man in the middle attack intercapts a communication between two
systems.
for example in an http transaction the target in the TCp connection
between client and server.
Using different rechniques, the attacjer splits the original TCP connection
into 2 new connections, one between the client and the attacker and the
other
between the attacker and the server, as shown in figure 1 . once the tcp
connection is intercepted,the attacker acts as a proxy , being able to read,
insert and modify th data in intercepted communication.
mitm attack tools
Ettercap
Dsniff
cain & Abel
18. what is phishing?
a form of social engineering characterized by attempts to fraudulently
acquire
sensitive information, such as password and credit card details, by
masquerading as a trustworthy person or business in an
apparently official electronic communication, such as an email or an
instant message.
The term phishingarises from the use of increasingly sophisticated lures to
"fish"
for user's financial information and passwords
19. Understand DNS Cache Poisoning
DNS spoofing is a computer hacking attack,
whereby data is introduced into a Domian Name System (DNS)
name server's cache database ,causing the name server
to return an incorrect ip address,
diverting traffic to another computer(often the attacker's).
20. understand web server
The primary function of a web server is to cater web page to the requset
of clients using the hypertext tansfer protocol (HTTP).
This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may by
included by
a document, such as images, style sheets and scripts
A user agent , commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by
making a requset for a specific resource using HTTP
and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message
if unable to do so. The resource is typically a real file on the server's
secondary storage, but this is not necessarily the case and depends on how the web
server is implemented.
