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It’s All about Thinking
Collaborating to Support All Learners

by Faye Brownlie and Leyton Schnellert

       Portage and Main Press
                2009
Learning	
  Inten+ons	
  
 •  	
   	
  I	
  can	
  explain	
  two	
  frameworks	
  for	
  
    learning.	
  
 •  I	
  can	
  understand	
  and	
  can	
  explain	
  to	
  others	
  6	
  
    approaches	
  to	
  learning.	
  
 •  	
   	
  I	
  can	
  iden:fy	
  and	
  give	
  specific	
  examples	
  of	
  
    the	
  six	
  big	
  AFL	
  strategies.	
  
 •  I	
  have	
  a	
  plan	
  to	
  implement	
  a	
  strategy	
  which	
  is	
  
    new	
  to	
  me.	
  	
  
     •  I	
  can	
  determine	
  a	
  next	
  step.	
  
Frameworks


It’s All about Thinking – Brownlie & Schnellert, 2009
Universal Design for Learning
Mul:ple	
  means:	
  
-­‐to	
  tap	
  into	
  background	
  knowledge,	
  to	
  ac:vate	
  
        prior	
  knowledge,	
  to	
  increase	
  engagement	
  and	
  
        mo:va:on	
  
-­‐to	
  acquire	
  the	
  informa:on	
  and	
  knowledge	
  to	
  
        process	
  new	
  ideas	
  and	
  informa:on	
  
-­‐to	
  express	
  what	
  they	
  know.	
  
    	
   	
  	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  Rose	
  &	
  Meyer,	
  2002	
  
Backwards Design
•  What	
  important	
  ideas	
  and	
  enduring	
  
   understandings	
  do	
  you	
  want	
  the	
  students	
  to	
  
   know?	
  

•  What	
  thinking	
  strategies	
  will	
  students	
  need	
  to	
  
   demonstrate	
  these	
  understandings?	
  	
  

  	
   	
  	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  McTighe	
  &	
  Wiggins,	
  2001	
  
Approaches
•    Assessment	
  for	
  learning	
  
•    Open-­‐ended	
  strategies	
  
•    Gradual	
  release	
  of	
  responsibility	
  
•    Coopera:ve	
  learning	
  
•    Literature	
  circles	
  and	
  informa:on	
  circles	
  
•    Inquiry	
  

It’s All about Thinking – Brownlie & Schnellert, 2009
Teach Content to All	
  




                        Learning in Safe Schools - Brownlie, King"
Open-ended strategies:

       connect
       process
personalize/transform
(Brownlie, Feniak & Schnellert, 2006; Buehl, 2001; Cook, 2005; Gear, 2006; Harvey & Goudvis, 2007; Kame'enui & Carnine, 2002)
Inquiry	
  

  •  Sparks meaningful connections in
    the mind of a student

  •  Encourages active participation
     and learning


  •  Encourages transfer	
  
Inquiry	
  
  
Essential   Questions need to:
•  Be interesting and real for students, and address
   their point of view.
•  Be open-ended, with many possible answers or
   responses or perspectives.
•  Spark questions and connections for students.
•  Be linked to resources, materials, &/or data.
•  Be brief and clear.
Essential Questions



 - How are humans impacting the
 environment?

 - What can we do to help sustain the
 environment?
Science 6/7 Ecosystems Unit Overview
Essential Questions:
(1) How can we honor the interconnectedness of our environment?
(2) How are humans impacting the environment?
(3) What can we do to sustain the environment?


    January            Week 1                 Week 2               Week 3               Week 4
Essential         What does it mean to   What do organisms    What is an          What living and non-
                  pay attention to and   need to survive?     ecosystem?          living things make up
Questions         learn from the                                                  an ecosystem?
                  environment?




    February               Week 1/2                      March 1                  Week 2

 Essential         Exploring our own             How do living things       How do humans impact
 Questions         community for                 share or interact in an    ecosystems?
                   ecosystems                    ecosystem?
BenneS,	
  2007	
  
•  Vygotsky,	
  Piaget,	
  Dewey	
  all	
  argued	
  that	
  learning	
  is	
  
   socially	
  constructed.	
  

•  Neurologists	
  argue	
  that	
  talk	
  is	
  essen+al	
  for	
  
   intellectual	
  growth.	
  

•  Expert	
  research	
  argues	
  that	
  experts	
  evolve	
  through	
  
   their	
  engagement	
  with	
  others.	
  

                                                 BenneS,	
  2007	
  
Collabora:ve	
  Skills	
  
Social	
  Skills:	
  taking	
  turns,	
  equal	
  voice,	
  calm	
  voice,	
  
politeness,	
  apprecia+on	
  statements,	
  wai+ng	
  your	
  
turn,	
  encouraging	
  others	
  


Communica+on	
  Skills:	
  aFen+ve	
  listening,	
  
paraphrasing,	
  seeking	
  clarifica+on,	
  accep+ng	
  and	
  
extending	
  the	
  ideas	
  of	
  others,	
  probing	
  


Cri+cal	
  Thinking	
  Skills:	
  suspending	
  judgment,	
  
examining	
  both	
  sides	
  of	
  an	
  issue,	
  considering	
  all	
  
factors,	
  disagreeing	
  agreeably	
  
References
Barton, M. & Heidema, C. (2002) Teaching reading in mathematics Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning.
Barton, M & Jordan, D. (2001) Teaching reading in science ASCD.
Bennett, B. & Rolheiser, C. (2001). Beyond Monet: The artful science of instructional integration. Bookation.
Brown, A., Cocking, R., & Bransford, J., Eds. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, & school. National Academy Press.
Brownlie, F. Feniak, C. & Schnellert, L. (2006). Student Diversity, 2nd ed., Pembroke Publishers.
Brownlie, F., Saundry, C., & Schnellert, L. (2010). It’s all about thinking: Collaborating to support all learners in Science and
     Mathematics., Pembroke Publishers.
Brownlie, F. & Schnellert, L. (2009). It’s all about thinking: Collaborating to support all learners in Humanities, Social Studies and
     English., Pembroke Publishers.
Brownlie, F. (2005) Grand Conversations, Portage & Main Press.
Brownlie, F. & King, J. (2000). Learning in Safe Schools. Pembroke Publishers..
Buehl, D. (2001). Classroom strategies for interactive learning, IRA.
Butler, D. L., Schnellert, L., & Cartier, S. C. (2005). Adolescents' engagement in "reading to learn": Bridging from assessment to
     instruction. BC Educational Leadership Research, 2.
Daniels, H. & Bizar, M. (2005).Teaching the best practice way: Methods that matter, K-12 Pembroke Publishers.
Doty, J. Cameron, G. Barton, M. (2003) Teaching reading in social studies Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning.
Gregory, K., Cameron, C. & and Davies, A. (2000). Setting and using criteria: For use in middle and secondary classrooms,
     Connections Publishing, BC, Canada.
Hourcade, J.J., & Bauwens, J. (2002). Cooperative teaching: Rebuilding and sharing the schoolhouse. Austin, TX: ProEd Inc.
Lenz, B.K., Deschler, D.D. & Kissam, B.R. (2004). Teaching content to all: Evidence-based inclusive practices in middle and
     secondary schools. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Marzano, R., Pickering, D., & Pollack, J. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student
     achievement ASCD.
Murawski, W.W., & Dieker, L.A. (2004). Tips and strategies for co-teaching at the secondary level. Teaching Exceptional Children, 36,
     52-58.
Schnellert, L. Butler, D. & Higginson, S. (2008). Co-constructors of data, co-constructors of meaning: Teacher professional
     development in an age of accountability. Teaching and Teacher Education.
Schnellert, L., Datoo, M. Ediger, K. & Panas, J. (2009). Pulling together: Integrating inquiry, assessment and instruction in today’s
     English classroom, Pembroke Publishers.
Tomlinson, C. & McTighe, J. (2006). Integrating Differentiated Instruction and Understanding by Design. ASCD.
Throneburg, R.N., Calvery, L.K., Sturm, J. J., Paramboukas, A.A., & Paul, P.J. (2000). A comparison of service delivery models:
     Effects on curricular vocabulary skills in the school setting. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 9, 10-20.
Walsh, J.M., & Jones, B. (2004). New models of cooperative teaching.Teaching Exceptional Children, 36, 14-20.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wilhelm, J. (2007). Engaging readers and writers with inquiry. New York: Scholastic.

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It's All about Thinking

  • 1. It’s All about Thinking Collaborating to Support All Learners by Faye Brownlie and Leyton Schnellert Portage and Main Press 2009
  • 2. Learning  Inten+ons   •     I  can  explain  two  frameworks  for   learning.   •  I  can  understand  and  can  explain  to  others  6   approaches  to  learning.   •     I  can  iden:fy  and  give  specific  examples  of   the  six  big  AFL  strategies.   •  I  have  a  plan  to  implement  a  strategy  which  is   new  to  me.     •  I  can  determine  a  next  step.  
  • 3. Frameworks It’s All about Thinking – Brownlie & Schnellert, 2009
  • 4. Universal Design for Learning Mul:ple  means:   -­‐to  tap  into  background  knowledge,  to  ac:vate   prior  knowledge,  to  increase  engagement  and   mo:va:on   -­‐to  acquire  the  informa:on  and  knowledge  to   process  new  ideas  and  informa:on   -­‐to  express  what  they  know.                        Rose  &  Meyer,  2002  
  • 5. Backwards Design •  What  important  ideas  and  enduring   understandings  do  you  want  the  students  to   know?   •  What  thinking  strategies  will  students  need  to   demonstrate  these  understandings?                      McTighe  &  Wiggins,  2001  
  • 6. Approaches •  Assessment  for  learning   •  Open-­‐ended  strategies   •  Gradual  release  of  responsibility   •  Coopera:ve  learning   •  Literature  circles  and  informa:on  circles   •  Inquiry   It’s All about Thinking – Brownlie & Schnellert, 2009
  • 7. Teach Content to All    Learning in Safe Schools - Brownlie, King"
  • 8. Open-ended strategies: connect process personalize/transform (Brownlie, Feniak & Schnellert, 2006; Buehl, 2001; Cook, 2005; Gear, 2006; Harvey & Goudvis, 2007; Kame'enui & Carnine, 2002)
  • 9. Inquiry   •  Sparks meaningful connections in the mind of a student •  Encourages active participation and learning •  Encourages transfer  
  • 10. Inquiry   Essential Questions need to: •  Be interesting and real for students, and address their point of view. •  Be open-ended, with many possible answers or responses or perspectives. •  Spark questions and connections for students. •  Be linked to resources, materials, &/or data. •  Be brief and clear.
  • 11. Essential Questions - How are humans impacting the environment? - What can we do to help sustain the environment?
  • 12. Science 6/7 Ecosystems Unit Overview Essential Questions: (1) How can we honor the interconnectedness of our environment? (2) How are humans impacting the environment? (3) What can we do to sustain the environment? January Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Essential What does it mean to What do organisms What is an What living and non- pay attention to and need to survive? ecosystem? living things make up Questions learn from the an ecosystem? environment? February Week 1/2 March 1 Week 2 Essential Exploring our own How do living things How do humans impact Questions community for share or interact in an ecosystems? ecosystems ecosystem?
  • 14. •  Vygotsky,  Piaget,  Dewey  all  argued  that  learning  is   socially  constructed.   •  Neurologists  argue  that  talk  is  essen+al  for   intellectual  growth.   •  Expert  research  argues  that  experts  evolve  through   their  engagement  with  others.   BenneS,  2007  
  • 15. Collabora:ve  Skills   Social  Skills:  taking  turns,  equal  voice,  calm  voice,   politeness,  apprecia+on  statements,  wai+ng  your   turn,  encouraging  others   Communica+on  Skills:  aFen+ve  listening,   paraphrasing,  seeking  clarifica+on,  accep+ng  and   extending  the  ideas  of  others,  probing   Cri+cal  Thinking  Skills:  suspending  judgment,   examining  both  sides  of  an  issue,  considering  all   factors,  disagreeing  agreeably  
  • 16. References Barton, M. & Heidema, C. (2002) Teaching reading in mathematics Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. Barton, M & Jordan, D. (2001) Teaching reading in science ASCD. Bennett, B. & Rolheiser, C. (2001). Beyond Monet: The artful science of instructional integration. Bookation. Brown, A., Cocking, R., & Bransford, J., Eds. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, & school. National Academy Press. Brownlie, F. Feniak, C. & Schnellert, L. (2006). Student Diversity, 2nd ed., Pembroke Publishers. Brownlie, F., Saundry, C., & Schnellert, L. (2010). It’s all about thinking: Collaborating to support all learners in Science and Mathematics., Pembroke Publishers. Brownlie, F. & Schnellert, L. (2009). It’s all about thinking: Collaborating to support all learners in Humanities, Social Studies and English., Pembroke Publishers. Brownlie, F. (2005) Grand Conversations, Portage & Main Press. Brownlie, F. & King, J. (2000). Learning in Safe Schools. Pembroke Publishers.. Buehl, D. (2001). Classroom strategies for interactive learning, IRA. Butler, D. L., Schnellert, L., & Cartier, S. C. (2005). Adolescents' engagement in "reading to learn": Bridging from assessment to instruction. BC Educational Leadership Research, 2. Daniels, H. & Bizar, M. (2005).Teaching the best practice way: Methods that matter, K-12 Pembroke Publishers. Doty, J. Cameron, G. Barton, M. (2003) Teaching reading in social studies Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. Gregory, K., Cameron, C. & and Davies, A. (2000). Setting and using criteria: For use in middle and secondary classrooms, Connections Publishing, BC, Canada. Hourcade, J.J., & Bauwens, J. (2002). Cooperative teaching: Rebuilding and sharing the schoolhouse. Austin, TX: ProEd Inc. Lenz, B.K., Deschler, D.D. & Kissam, B.R. (2004). Teaching content to all: Evidence-based inclusive practices in middle and secondary schools. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Marzano, R., Pickering, D., & Pollack, J. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement ASCD. Murawski, W.W., & Dieker, L.A. (2004). Tips and strategies for co-teaching at the secondary level. Teaching Exceptional Children, 36, 52-58. Schnellert, L. Butler, D. & Higginson, S. (2008). Co-constructors of data, co-constructors of meaning: Teacher professional development in an age of accountability. Teaching and Teacher Education. Schnellert, L., Datoo, M. Ediger, K. & Panas, J. (2009). Pulling together: Integrating inquiry, assessment and instruction in today’s English classroom, Pembroke Publishers. Tomlinson, C. & McTighe, J. (2006). Integrating Differentiated Instruction and Understanding by Design. ASCD. Throneburg, R.N., Calvery, L.K., Sturm, J. J., Paramboukas, A.A., & Paul, P.J. (2000). A comparison of service delivery models: Effects on curricular vocabulary skills in the school setting. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 9, 10-20. Walsh, J.M., & Jones, B. (2004). New models of cooperative teaching.Teaching Exceptional Children, 36, 14-20. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wilhelm, J. (2007). Engaging readers and writers with inquiry. New York: Scholastic.