This is a bilingual English-Chinese presentation by Ms. Mercy Kandulu, of the Forestry Department of the Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection in Zambia, on promoting legality in the China-Zambia timber trade. The presentation was made at the third event of the China-Africa Forest Governance Learning Platform, held in Beijing 24-25 October 2016. The event explored how China can help sustain Africa’s forests with a focus on the role of private sector actors and Chinese stakeholders in working with African stakeholders to promote pro-poor and sustainable investments and trade in Africa’s forests. More details: www.iied.org/mists-china-africa-forests

1. The 3rd
China –Africa Forest Governance Learning
Platform
第三届中非林业管理学习平台
Beijing China
中国北京
24-25th
October , 2016
2016 年 10 月 24-25 日
Promoting legality in the China-Zambia timber trade
推 中 木材 易合法性动 赞 贸
Mercy Mupeta Kandulu
莫西 · 牧培塔 · 坎杜鲁
Forestry Department, Zambia
比 林 部赞 亚 业

2. EFFORTS MADE BY ZAMBIA
赞比亚所做的努力
 REVIEW OF THE FOREST POLICY OF 1998
 回顾 1998 年的林业政策
 REVIEW OF THE FOREST ACT NO. 39 OF 1973
 回顾 1973 年的《森林法》第 39 号
 DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSIDIARY REGULATIONS TO SUPPORT THE TIMBER INDUSTRY
 制订补充条例，支持木材产业
 NATIONAL WIDE FOREST INVENTORIES
 全国森林调查
 COLLABORATING WITH OTHER PARTNERS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH INTO THE TIMBER INDUSTRY (CIFOR)
 与其他合作伙伴在木材产业研究中的合作（ CIFOR ）

3. POLICY FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING THE TIMBER INDUSTRY
支持木材产业的政策框架
 NEW FOREST POLICY OF 2014
 2014 年制定的新林业政策
 SECTIONS 6.4 (RECOGNISE THE IMPORTANCE OF INVESTMENT IN FORESTRY AND THE FORESTRY
BASED INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT)
 第 6.4 节 （认识到林业投资和以林业为基础产业发展的重要性）
IT PROMOTES PARTICIPATION OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FORESTRY
SECTOR IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THE SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO THE GROWTH OF THE ECONOMY
THROUGH TEHNICAL SUPPORT, SUSTAINABLE HAVESTING AND VALUE ADDITION.
为了加强行业通过技术支持、可持续采伐、附加值对经济增长的贡献，本节推动私营行业对林业发展
的参与。
 SECTION 6.5 (RECOGNISE THE IMPORTANCE ）
 第 6.5 节 （认识到 的重要性）

4. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING THE TIMBER
INDUSTRY
支持木材产业的政策框架
 FOREST ACT NO. 4 OF 2015
 2015 年《森林法》第 4 号
 SI NO. 50 OF 2015
 2015 年 SI 第 50 号
 SI NO. 94 OF 2015
 2015 年 SI 第 94 号

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR LEGAL TIMBER TRADE
合法木材贸易的要求
 PURCHACE OF TIMBER FROM CONCESSION LICENCE HOLDERS AND HAVING PROOF OF PRODUCTION AND
CONVEYANCE LICENCE FROM THE SOURCE (PRODUCTION AREA TO PRIMARY PROCESSING FACILITY)
 持有木材特许经营执照以及木材来源地生产和运输许可证的企业才可以购买木材（从生产区到粗加工设施）
 HAVING AN EXPORT PERMIT FOR SPECIFIC FORM OF TIMBER
 对于特种形状的木材，还要有出口许可
 PROCESSING TIMBER IN THE FORM PRESCRIBED ON THE EXPORT PERMIT
 按照出口许可上规定的形状加工木材
 HAVING CONVEYANCE LICENCE FROM SOURCE IN ZAMBIA TO THE MARKET (DOMESTIC OR EXPORT)
 从赞比亚的木材源头到市场，要有运输许可证（无论是国内用还是出口）
 PROOF OF ADHERENCE TO ZAMBIAN STANDARDS (ZBS)
 符合赞比亚标准（ ZBS ）的证明
 SANITORY AND PHYTOSANITORY CERTIFICATES
 卫生证书和植物检疫证书
 PROOF OF PAYMENT OF PRESCRIBED TAXES BASED ON THE FORM
 根据木材形状已经纳税的证明

6. STEPS TO FOLLOW
需要遵循的步骤
 SUBMISSION OF THE PRODUCTION AND CONVEYANCE LICENCES TO THE DISTRCIT
FOR OFFICE TO COMMENCE EXPORT PROCEDURES
 出口手续的第一步，是向区林业办公室提交生产许可证和运输许可证
 INSPECTION OF THE CONSIGNMENTS TO ENSURE ADHERENCE
 对货物进行检查，确保符合要求
 APPROVAL OF EXPORT AT DISTRICT FOREST OFFICE
 区林业办公室批准出口
 APPROVAL AT PROVINCIAL FOREST OFFICE
 省林业办公室批准出口
 APPROVAL AT THE ZAMBIA BEURAL OF STANDARDS
 赞比亚标准局批准
 CERTIFICATION BY THE SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY DIVISION IN THE
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
 农业部卫生和植物检疫部门出具的合格证
 PAYMENT OF TAXES CENTRALLY OR AT THE PORT OF EXIT
 集中交税或在出口港交税

7. CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING THE LAW
执法挑战
 ILLEGAL TIMBER HARVESTING AND TRADE
 非法木材采伐与贸易
 INADEQUATE CAPACITY TO MONITOR PRODUCTION AREAS
 对生产区进行监督的能力不够
 INADEQUATE FUNDS TO DEVELOP SUBSIDIARY REGULATIONS WITHIN GOOD
TIME TO ADDRESS TRENDS IN THE INDUSTRY
 没有足够的资金可以在恰当的时间制定补充条例，以便应对木材产业中的趋势
 EXISTANCE OF TRANSBOUNDARY TIMBER RESOURCES REQUIRING THE
COLLECTIE APPLICATION OF LAWS BETWEEN NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
 存在着跨境木材来源，需要与邻国共同执法
 LOCATION WHICH REQUIRES ZAMBIA TO TRANSIT ITS TIMBER THROUGH OTHER
COUNTRIES AND TO ALLOW TIMBER FROM NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES TO
TRANSIT THROUGH ZAMBIA
 赞比亚把本国木材运送至他国以及允许邻国木材通过赞比亚运送的地点

8. SOME OF THE DRIVERS OF THESE OBSERVED CHALLENGES
挑战的一些驱动因素
 CHINESE MARKET WHICH IS DOMINANT FOR ZAMBIAN TIMBER (E.G FOR LUSAKA
PROVINCE OVER 80% OF TIMBER EXPORTED BETWEEN 2015 AND SEPTEMBER 2016
WENT TO CHINA, MUKULA –XUE TAN IN CHINESE- AND ROSEWOOD)
 中国市场是赞比亚木材出口的主要市场（例如，就卢萨卡省来说， 2015 年至 2016 年 9
月， 80% 的出口木材流向了中国，木果拉——用中国话说是血檀，还有红木）
 THIS IS INDICATIVE OF THE EXPORTS FOR THE SAME TIMBER SPECIES IN THE COUNTRY
 这表明：在我国境内，出口的是同一种木材
 INADEQUATE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES TO MANAGE AND MONITOR THE FORESTRY
RESOURCES
 机构能力不足以管理并监督这些林业资源。
 INCENTIVES BEING OFFERED FOR RAW TIMBER (THIS ENCOURAGES ILLEGAL
HARVESTING AND UNFAIR COMPETITION FOR THOSE WITHOUT PERMITS TO EXPORT
ROUND LOGS)
 为原木出口提供了动力（这是鼓励那些没有原木出口许可的企业从事非法采伐和不公平
竞争）

9. HOW CHINA-ZAMBIA COOPERATION CAN HELP
中国赞比亚合作如何能够解决问题
 CHINA IS KEY IN REDUCING THE CHALLENGES FACED IN THE TIMBER INDUSTRY IN AFRICA AND ZAMBIA
BECAUSE IT OFFERS THE BIGGEST MARKET FOR THE MOST VALUABLE TIMBER AND THEREFORE HAS THE
GREATEST INFLUENCE ON THE TRENDS IN THE TIMBER INDUSTRY 中国在减少非洲和赞比亚木材产业所面临
的挑战方面起着关键作用，因为中国是最大的贵重木材市场，所以在木材产业的趋势方面有最大的影响力
 AS SUCH CHINA CAN SHOW COMMITMENT TO STRENGTHEN ZAMBIAN LAWS BY TAKING STEPS TO STOP
ILLEGALITIES IN THE TIMBER INDUSTRY 同样，中国通过采取措施，终止木材产业中的违法行为，表明巩固赞
比亚法律的承诺。
 I ENCOURAGE CHINA TO EMULATE THE FLEGT EFFORTS BY DESIGNING SIMILAR INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS
THAT CAN PROMOTE LEGAL TIMBER TRADE IN AFRICA AND THE SOUTHERN AFRICA DEVELOPMENT
COOPERATION (SADC) REGION TO INCLUDE ZAMBIA 我鼓励中国效仿欧盟森林执法管理与贸易（ FLEGT ）的
做法，设计一个类似的机构，促进非洲和包括赞比亚在内的南部非洲发展共同体（ SADC ）地区的合法木材贸
易
 THROUGH SUCH MECHANISMS, REGIONAL BODY MEMBER COUNTRIES CAN COME TOGETHER AND AGREE ON
CERTAIN NORMS AND REGULATIONS TO GUIDE THE TIMBER TRADE IN THE REGION 通过这样的机制，地区成
员国可以共同合作，就某些规范和规章达成一致，为本地区的木材贸易提供指导
 MEMBER COUNTRIES CAN ALSO AGREE ON PUNITIVE MEASURES FOR THOSE WHO FAIL TO COMPLY WITH SET
RULES 对于那些不遵守成文规则的企业或人，成员国还可以就惩罚性措施达成一致。
 SPECIFIC COUNTRIES CAN ALSO DETERMINE AREAS OF SUPPORT TO ENHANCE ADHERENCE TO SET RULES
AND REGULATIONS BOTH IN AFRICA AND CHINA 具体国家还可以确定支持的领域，在非洲和中国加强对成文
规则规章的的遵守。

10. SUPPORT REQUIRED FOR ZAMBIA
赞比亚的支持需求
 POLICY REVIEW
 政策回顾
 LAW ENFORCEMENT WHICH REQUIRES THE USE OF VEHICLES TRANSPORTS
 需要车辆使用的执法
 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN MONITORING OF CONCESIONS , THIS REQUIRES APPLICATION OF
MODERN TECHNOLOGY. TRAINING SHOULD FOCUS ON THAT
 对经营权进行监督过程中的机构能力建设，这要求采用现代技术。培训聚焦在：
 INFRUSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT I.E OFFICES AND HOUSING INFRUSTRUCTURE
 基础设施发展，即办公室和房屋基础设施
 SUPPORT TOWARDS INDUSTRIALISATION THROUGH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INTO THE
MANUFACTURING (WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS PROCESSING)
 通过外商对制造业的（木材和木材产品加工）直接投资，支持产业化
 FAIR MARKETS ACCORDING INCENTIVES TO LEGAL TIMBER
 激励措施与合法木材相协调的公平市场

11. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
非常感谢！