USUL FIQH : AL QIYAS Pt 1

1. ‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
2020/2021 1

2. SECONDARY SOURCE
RATIONAL SECONDARY SOURCE (“AQL)
SECONDARY SOURCE DEPEND UPON
TRANSMISSION (NAQL)
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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3. RATIONAL
SECONDARY
SOURCES
QIYAS
ISTIHSAN
MASLAHAH
MURSALAH
SADD AL-
DHARI’AH
ISTISHAB
QAWL AL-SAHABI
SHAR’ MAN QABLANA
SECONDARY SOURCES
(UPON TRANSMISSIONS)
URF
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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4. QIYAS
(ANALOGY)
RATIONAL
SECONDARY
SOURCE
The mujtahid employs
techniques of legal
reasoning during his
ijtihad. In Qiyas,intellect
Provide the means of
extension for the law
stated in the Quran,
Sunnah and ijma’ . These
material sources used
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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5. DEFINITION OF QIYAS
• MEASURING
• ESTIMATING
LITERAL
• THE EQUALITY OF A CASE, WHOSE HUKM IS NOT MENTIONED EXPLICITLY IN THE
TEXTS, WITH A CASE WHOSE HUKM IS MENTIONED, ON THE BASIS OF THE
EQUALITY BETWEEN THE UNDERLYING CAUSES FOUND IN THE TWO CASES.
TECHNICAL
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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6. HUKM
AL-ASL
THE EQUALITY OF A CASE, WHOSE HUKM IS NOT
MENTIONED EXPLICITLY IN THE TEXTS, WITH A CASE
WHOSE HUKM
IS MENTIONED, ON THE BASIS OF THE EQUALITY
BETWEEN THE UNDERLYING CAUSES FOUND IN THE TWO
CASES.
ILLAH
FAR’
ASL
EXPLAINATION…
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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7. HUKM
ASL
(ORIGINAL CASE)
ILLAH
FAR’
(NEW CASE)
?
ILLAH
EXPLAINATION…
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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8. MANDUB
PURIFICATION PURIFICATION
?
MANDUB
Example…
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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9. Q: Identify the elements of Qiyas.
Kindly refer to page: 215-217 (Nyazee)
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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10. THE MEANING OF
ILLAH
SABAB IS THE CAUSE ON THE BASIS OF WHICH A PRIMARY
RULE OR HUKM TAKLIFI IS INVOKED OR ESTABISLISHED.
 JOURNEY – PERMISSIBLITY OF NOT FASTING
 DRIKING KHAMR – OBLIGATION OF HADD
 WHEN THE JUDGE ANGRY - HE SHOULD NOT JUDGE
BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE (PROHIBIT JUDGEMENT)

: notes
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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11. GHARADH (GOALS/PURPOSES) :
SEEKING OF BENEFIT OR THE REPELLING OF HARM AS
DIRECTED BY THE LAWGIVER
 PERMISSIBLITY OF NOT FASTING WHILE IN JOURNEY : DAF’
AL-MASYAQQAH
 OBLIGATION OF HADD FOR DRIKING KHAMR : AZ-ZAJR 
 PROHIBITION OF JUDGEMENT WHILE ANGRY : 
‫العدل‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫الذهن‬ ‫تشوش‬ ‫دفع‬
Cont… THE MEANING OF
ILLAH
: notes
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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12. ‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
2020/2021 12

13. HIKMAH (WISDOM) OF THE LAW IS
SOMETHING INTERNAL AND CONCEALED
AND CANNOT BE VERIFIED WITH EASE.
THE HIKMAH ACCORDING TO AL-RAZI IS
THE ILLAH OF THE ILLAH.
Cont… THE MEANING OF
ILLAH
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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14. SABAB
CAN
COMPREHEND
‘ILLAH
MAY NOT
UNDERSTAND
HUKM
: notes

‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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15. HUKM
‫الحكم‬
‘ILLAH
‫ة‬ّ‫ل‬‫الع‬
AL-FAR’
‫الفرع‬
AL-ASL
‫األصل‬
‫المقيس‬
‫عليه‬ ‫المقيس‬
THE CASE
MENTIONED IN THE
TEXT WITH ITS HUKM
THE NEW CASE
WHICH NEED
HUKM
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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16. CONDITIONS
PERTAINING TO THE ELEMENTS OF QIYAS
CONDITIONS OF AL-ASL
CONDITIONS PERTAINING TO THE HUKM OF THE ASL
CONDITIONS PERTAINING TO THE FAR’
CONDITIONS PERTAINING TO THE ‘ILLAH
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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17. CONDITIONS OF AL-ASL
 SHOULD NOT BE AN EXTENSION
(FAR’)
Remember..
Al-Asl is the
original case!!!
: notes

‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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18. CONDITIONS PERTAINING TO
THE HUKM OF THE ASL
 SHOULD HAS BEEN ESTABISHED DIRECTLY FROM AL-QURAN, AL-SUNNAH OR IJMA
 ILLAH FOR THE HUKM SHOULD BE RATIONALLY UNDERSTOOD TO BE THE CAUSE OF THE HUKM
(MA’QUL AL-MA’NA)
 SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ABROGATED
 SHOULD NOT RESTRICTED TO A SPECIFIC CASE BY ANOTHER TEXT (MARRIAGE MORE THAN 4 IS
ONLY FOR RASULULLAH)
 SHOULD NOT PERTAIN TO AN EXEMPTION (BAI SALAM)
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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19. CONDITIONS PERTAINING TO
THE ‘ILLAH
1) MUST BE APPARENT CAUSE ( EVIDENT  HIDDEN)
2) SHOULD BE A CONSTANT AND STABLE ATTRIBUTE
3) SHOULD BE EXTENDIBLE (TRANSFERABLE) AND NOT CONFINED TO THE ASL
(ÍLLAH AL-QASIRAH)
4) COMPATIBLE WITH THE PURPOSES OF THE LAW (MUNASIB)
: notes

‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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20. CONDITIONS PERTAINING TO
THE FAR’
1) THE TEXTS SHOULD BE SILENT ABOUT ITS HUKM
2) THE ILLAH OF THE ASL SHOULD BE FOUND IN THE FAR’
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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21. TYPE OF QIYAS
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE STRENGHT
OF THE HUKM ESTABLISHED IN THE FAR
(ÍLLAH IN ASL VS ‘ILLAH IN FAR)
AL-ASL
AL-FAR
QIYAS AWLA
QIYAS MUSAWI
QIYAS ADNA
 : notes
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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22. ‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
2020/2021 22
Al-Asl : Saying “uf”
Hukm al-Asl : Prohibited
Al-Far’ : Physical Abuse
‘illah : Torment
QIYAS AWLA

23. ‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
2020/2021 23
QIYAS MUSAWI
Al-Asl : Consumption of the
minor’s (yatim) wealth
Hukm al-Asl : Prohibited
Al-Far’ : Burn the minor’s
house
‘illah : Destruction

24. ‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
2020/2021 24
QIYAS ADNA
Al-Asl : Judgement while angry
Hukm al-Asl : Prohibited
Al-Far’ : Judgement while feel
sleepy
‘illah : De stabilizing thought

25. JUSTIFICATION OF QIYAS
AS A SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW
• MAJORITY MUSLIM JURIST
UPHOLD QIYAS
• ZAHIRIS, SOME OF MU’TAZILAH AND JA’FARI
(SHI’AH)
REJECTED QIYAS
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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26. AL-QURAN
AL-QIYAS
AL-IJMA AL-SUNNAH
‫داميت‬ ‫الحاج‬ ‫نورأسمح‬ ‫سيتي‬
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27. END OF PART ONE…
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2020/2021 27

28. PLEASE LET ME KNOW IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION OR
CONCERN
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