microscope

1. MICROSCOPE

2. MICROSCOPE
• A microscope is an instrument
used to see objects that are too
small to be seen by the naked
eye.

3. Types of Microscopes
• Simple microscope - has only 1 lens.
• Compound microscope - has 2 sets of
lenses. It can magnify things 100 - 200
times larger than they really are.
• Electron microscope - can magnify objects
up to 300,000 times. They do not use
lenses, but use electrons to enlarge the
image.

4. Body Tube
Nosepiece
Objectives
Stage Clips
Light
Ocular lens
(Eyepiece)
Arm
Stage
Coarse Adjustment
Fine Adjustment
Parts of Microscope
Base
Diaphragm

5. Parts of the microscope
• Eyepiece Lens: the lens at the top that
you look through. They are usually 10X
or 15X power.
• Tube: Connects the eyepiece to the
objective lenses
• Course adjustment: the large knob on
the microscope that you turn to bring the
object into focus
• Fine adjustment:the small knob on the
microscope that brings the image into
focus

6. Parts of the microscope
• Arm: Supports the tube and connects it
to the base
• Base: The bottom of the microscope,
used for support
• Illuminator: A steady light source used
in place of a mirror. If microscope has a
mirror, it is used to reflect light from an
external light source up through the
bottom of the stage.
• Stage: The flat platform where slides
are placed. Stage clips hold the slides in
place.

7. Parts of the microscope
• Revolving Nosepiece or
Turret: This is the part that holds
two or more objective lenses and
can be rotated to easily change
power.
• Objective Lenses: Usually 3 or 4
objective lenses are found on a
microscope. They almost always
consist of 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X
powers.

8. • Rack Stop: This is an adjustment that
determines how close the objective lens can
get to the slide. It is only need to adjust in
case of very thin slides with difficulty to
focus on the specimen at high power.
• Condenser Lens: The purpose of the
condenser lens is to focus the light onto the
specimen. Condenser lenses are most useful
at the highest powers (400X and above).
• Diaphragm or Iris: Many microscopes
have a rotating disk under the stage. This
diaphragm has different sized holes and is
used to vary the intensity and size of the
cone of light that is projected upward into
the slide. There is no set rule regarding
which setting to use for a particular power.

9. Uses of Microscope
1. Switch on the light
2. Place the slide on the stage
3. Raise the condenser as high as possible
4. Adjust the distance between the eye pieces until both
the right and left images become one.
5. Focus with 45X & then with 100X lens. Using 45X
lens find a suitable area of the slide to examine. The
selected area should not be too thick or too thin &
should have more pus cells than epithelial cells.

10. Care of Microscope
• Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the
arm and one hand under the base.
• Place & store the microscope in a dry dust free &
vibration free environment.
• Keep the microscope & lenses clean.
• Do not leave the immersion oil on the surface of the
immersion lens.
• Clean the microscope with lens tissue before & after
use.
• Never use spirit or alcohol to clean the lens.

11. • Never let the immersion lens touch the smear.
• Use the fine focusing only, while using the oil
immersion lens.
• All the lenses should be cleaned with dry lens paper.
• Lens paper may be moistened with xylene.
• Not to clean lens with ordinary cloth.

12. THANKS !!!