A short discussion about faults and the earthquake. Senior High School k-12 Curriculum Guide Compliant. Grade 11 or 12

1. Earthquakes
JEROME A. BIGAEL

2. A fault in Earth’s crust is the
location of earthquakes.
An Earthquake is a sudden, rapid
shaking of Earth caused by a
release of energy stored in rocks.
Earthquakes are a natural
phenomenon.
Earthquakes are happening all
the time but often not even
noticed by people until they
cause visible damage.
San Francisco Earhquake 1989

3. There are several forces in the Earth’s crust and one of
these forces is “stress”.
Stress is a force that causes rocks to change shape or
volume by pushing or pulling.
There are 3 types of stress in rocks that happens in a
plate boundary, namely, compression, tension, and
shear.

4. Whenever these stresses are applied to
rocks, faults would occur.
A fault is a break or crack in rock that
causes it to move.
A fault has 2 parts.
The first one is the hanging
wall, which is a block of
rock above the fault line or above
the crack in the rock.
And the second one is the footwall, which
is the block below the fault line.

5. Types of Stress
Type of fault in a compressional stress is a reverse fault.
In a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves up the footwall.
Compression
This happens when rock
is squeezed until it folds
or breaks in convergent
boundaries.

6. Tension
-happens when the rock is
pulled causing it to be
stretched in a divergent
boundary.
The type of fault in a tension is a normal fault.
In a normal fault, the hanging wall moves down along the fault line

7. Shear
Shear stress in transform boundary
Occurs when the forces
that push rocks and faults
in opposite directions.

8. Confining
Confining stress , the
crust becomes
compact, thus making
it look smaller.
Confining stress can
cause sinkhole.

9. Performance Task
2 groups
Deadline October 16
Group 1
3D model of Fold (labelled)
Group 2
3D model of Faults (labelled )

10. To do : October 3, 2017
Create a proposal of the 3d Model project.
Assume that your projects will be used for
the next science month exhibit.
Write the materials to be used and the
design.