Presentation at the Chinese AOS workshop, Beijing, 2010, October 30-31

1. 10 years Agricultural
Ontology Initiative:
Building Blocks for a
Linked Data Infrastructure
Dr. Johannes Keizer
FAO of the United Nations
Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Team Leader “Knowledge Standards and Services”

2. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The Internet!

3. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30

4. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Aggregation States of Knowledge

5. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Data Flows and Repositories in
Research

6. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
“... FAO’s principle task is to work
to ensure that the world’s
knowledge of food and
agriculture is available to those
who need it when they need it
and in a form which they can
access and use ...”

7. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AOS Vision in 2001

8. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
..from thesaurus to Ontologies….

9. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
 Our push of AGROVOC to the Semantic Web had
enormous positive effects, among others
 From 4 to 20 language versions
 Defacto standard for indexing in many areas
 More than 2000 downloads only in 2009
 SKOS incorporated all our requirements
 For many purposes we need semantics on a lower
level than of a fully elaborated ontology – but we
need them urgently
 The development of specific Ontologies should be
always application driven – a demand economy
Lessons Learned

10. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AOS - Today
SemanticsTools
Linked DataCommunity

11. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Community

12. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The AOS Community

13. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://aims.fao.org/community/home

14. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Better Semantics

15. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
 around 30,000 concepts
 600000 labels in around 20 languages.
 one-stop shop for terminological knowledge related to
agriculture in general
 a knowledge base of related concepts organized in
ontological relationships (hierarchical, associative,
equivalence)
 Is a concept/term/string based system
 Concepts may be organized in multiple categories.
AGROVOC concept scheme

16. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Further schemes
in FAO
skos:broader
:bar
has_synonym
has_translation
skos:literalForm “maize”
:foo
maïs (fr)
:foo
has_synonym
skos:literalForm “corn”
:bar
8171
1474
skosxl:altLabel
skosxl:prefLabel
skos:broader
has_synonym
SKOS Label
The AGROVOC concept scheme
SKOS
Concept
rdf:type
rdf:type
6211
skos:broader
AGROVOC
Concept
Scheme
skos:topConceptOf
skos:inScheme
Another scheme
in FAO
Other scheme
in FAO
skos:inScheme
12332

17. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Work Expression Manifestation Item
Subjects
Corporate
Bodies
Conferences Journals
Series
FAO Projects
FAO FRBR Model & Authority Data

18. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
isSpatiallyIncludedIn
isPublishedBy
isOtherLanguageEditionOf
isFollowedBy/Follows
EXAMPLE: JOURNAL CONTENT MODEL

19. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
A Model to create Linked Data
Rich set of relationships
Easier implementation of concept-based thesauri and
authority data

20. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Geopolitical Ontology
OEKM FAO of the UN 20

21. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Fishery Ontologies

22. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
What Partners have done…..
 Rice Knowledge Models
 Rice Production Ontology
 ASFA Thesaurus
 VIVO Ontologies
 Look to the many presentations on this
workshop

23. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Tools

24. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The Concept Scheme Work Bench

25. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Drupal
AgriDrupal is a “suite of solutions” for agricultural information
management and dissemination, built on the Drupal CMS by different
Institutions and individuals who are now sharing their experiences in the
AgriDrupal community
 Drupal, a semantic web enabled CMS
 General purpose CMS necessary
 Drupal has flexibility to manage all information types
 Drupal has a strong user community
 Version 7 natively with RDF backbone, but semantic applications
already possible with version 6
 Drupal can be a producer and consumer of Linked Data

26. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Drupal Query run on a Drupal website
from a Virtuoso test environment
at http://demo.openlinksw.com/sparql_demo/
SPARQL endpoint
RDF triples
Drupal website

27. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
• Objectives:
• Assure quality in metadata creation
• Sharing information in a standardized manner
• Use of common semantics and interoperable
syntaxes
• Use of more sophisticated and specialized
metadata
• Use of controlled, multilingual vocabularies
• Requirements:
• AGRIS AP compliancy
• AGROVOC
AgriOcean Dspace – a tool for Repositories

28. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AgriOceanDspace – Thesaurus plug in
• Developed by Kasetsart University (Bangkok,
Thailand)
• Thesaurus plug-in
o Web services: use local or remote version of AGROVOC
thesaurus/SKOS

29. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Linking Data

30. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The Linked Data Universe:
http://www.linkeddata.org (july 2010)

31. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=2004/ZA/ZA04002.xml;ZA2004000049

32. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AGROVOC EUROVOC UNBIS Relationship
http://aims.fao.
org/aos/agrovoc
/c_207
http://eurovoc
.europa.eu/21
9055
agroforestry skos:exactMatch
/ owl:sameAs
http://aims.fao.
org/aos/agrovoc
/c_4826
http://eurovoc
.europa.eu/22
0018
MILK skos:exactMatch
/ owl:sameAs
http://aims.fao.
org/aos/agrovoc
/c_12332
http://eurovoc
.europa.eu/21
9871
MAIZE skos:exactMatch
/ owl:sameAs
Linking vocabularies

33. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7825
http://eurovoc.europa.eu/218754

34. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
http://eurovoc.europa.eu/
219871
Maize
skosxl: literalForm
Maize
http://aims.fao.org/ao
s/agrovoc/c_12332
AGROVOC
skosxl: literalForm
Maize
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12332 owl:sameAs http://eurovoc.europa.eu/219871
owl:sameAs/exactMatch
http://agris.fao.org/agris-
search/search/display.do?f=1996
/TR/TR96001.xml;TR9600026
Linking data through common URIs
skosxl: literalForm
owl:sameAs/exactMatch
http://eur-
lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriSe
rv.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:202:0011:001
5:EN:PDF
http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.j
sp?session=128F308557F34.283092&pr
ofile=bib&uri=full=3100001~!685149~!1&
ri=1&aspect=subtab124&menu=search&
source=~!horizon
Maize
Eurovoc
UNBIS

35. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
What are we doing with unstructured data?
• We have enormous amounts of unstructured
material
• Still most of the documents that we are producing
are mostly semantically unstructured
• Human work to catalogue and index is becoming
always more rare
• We need machines to do automatic semantic mark
ups of text
• If machines are trained and based on concept
schemes, ther are able to do so

36. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30

37. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
• Does Concept identification in unstructured
texts
• Uses Agrovoc as a controlled vocabulary
• Prototype under testing with excellent results
(entire repository of ICARDA indexed)
• Will produce in future Structured RDF files
that can be used to link data like “open
Calais”
•
AgroTagger

38. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30

39. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30

40. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30

41. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
Life Demo: Semantic mark ups:
http://viewer.opencalais.com/
http://agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in/Tagger/Agrotagger_text.php

42. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
The CIARD RING

43. dr johannes keizer - FAO of the United Nations - knowledge and capacity for development
Chinese Agricultural Ontology Service WS, Beijing 2010-10-30
AGRIS Linked Data

44. Thank You!
http://www.ciard.net
http://ring.ciard.net
http://aims.fao.org
http://agris.fao.org