The document provides information about disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It defines key terms like hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, risk, and disaster. It describes the country's risk profile as being located in the Pacific Ring of Fire and being prone to earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. It discusses Republic Act 10121 which established the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system with councils at the national, regional, provincial, city, and barangay levels. It emphasizes the importance of developing strategies and taking proactive measures to reduce risks and prepare for disasters.

1. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
National Service Training Program
Malayan Colleges Mindanao

2. Learning Outcome:
Recognize the important role of the
youth in disaster risk reduction and
management.
Demonstrate disaster preparedness
and appropriate response to mitigate
risk

3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
What is your understanding about:
HAZARD
EXPOSURE VULNERABILITY
CAPACITY RISK
DISASTER

4. HAZARD
• Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that
may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage,
loss of livelihood & services, social & economic disruption or
environmental damage...
• Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon
• It could be natural or human-induced.
4

5. EXPOSURE
• The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience
hazard events of different magnitude.
5

6. VULNERABILITY
• Is the characteristics and circumstances of a
community , system or asset that make it susceptible
to the damaging effects of a hazard.
• this may arise from various physical, social,
economic and environmental factors
6
• This may arise from various physical, social, economic &

7. VULNERABILITY
SOCIAL Ethnicity
 Age
Gender
Location
Status
Wealth
Income
Education
Family type
PSYCHOLOGICAL & PHYSIOLOGICAL
 Locus of control
 Disability
 Coping-style
 Individual’s perception
 Lifestyle
 Agility
 Mobility
 Experience
Britton and Walker 1991
VULNERABILITY HAS BEEN RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:
7
…Continued

8. CAPACITY
Is the combination of all
strengths and resources
available within the
community, society or
organization that can
reduce the level of risk or
effects of a disaster.
8

9. RISK
• Is the combination of Probability of
anevent to happen and its negative
consequences...
R =
R= HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure)
CAPACITY
9

10. DISASTER
• A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or
drastic change to the environment.
• A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events such
as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions.
• It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the
economic, social and cultural life of people.
• In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence of
inappropriately managed risk.
• These risks are the product of a combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability.
Hazards that strike in areas with low vulnerability will never become disasters, as is
the case in uninhabited regions.

11. DISASTER
Natural Disaster
A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans and/or the built
environment. Human vulnerability, and lack of appropriate emergency management, leads to
financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the
population to support or resist the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is
concentrated in the formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural
hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability.
CLASSIFICATIONS

12. WHAT ARE OTHER TYPES
OF NATURAL DISASTERS?

13. DISASTER
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER
Man-made or Human Induced
Disaster
Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards. Examples include
stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear explosions/radiation.
War and deliberate attacks may also be put in this category. As with natural hazards, man-made
hazards are events that have not happened, for instance terrorism.
Man-made disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards have become reality in
an event
firs,
and

14. WHEN IS AN EVENT A
DISASTER?

15. WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
in need of
have been
fishponds, crops, poultry and
NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dated 04 March 1998
DISASTER
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are
destroyed.
3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport
and commerce.
4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and livestock, and other agricultural products, and
5. Epidemics

16. RISK PROFILE belt in
making
The country is considered one of the most disaster-
prone.
It ranks 12th among 200 countries most at-risk for
tropical cyclones, floods, earthquakes, and landslides in
the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of the UN International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
Located along the typhoon belt in the Pacific making it
vulnerable to typhoons and tsunami.
Average of 20 typhoons yearly (7 are destructive).

17. RISK
PROFILE
1851-2006 TYPHOON SEASON
48
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale
TD TS 1 2 3 4 5
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale

18. TYPHOON INCIDENCE
51

19. TYPHOON HAIYAN (YOLANDA)

20. Typhoon Pablo, 2012

21. RISK PROFILE
The Philippines, given its location on the earth
is prone to various types of Natural Disasters.
Located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, between
two Tectonic plates (Eurasian and Pacific)
which are volcanic and earthquake generators.
22 active volcanoes (5 most active).
The Philippines, given its location on the earth
is prone to various types of Natural Disasters.

22. RISK PROFILE
55
Fact:
The Philippine Archipelago has a complex tectonic
setting with several trenches and many active faults

23. RISK PROFILE
56
…Continued

24. RISK PROFILE
The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western ring of the Pacific Ocean
(Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part of the earth
that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes and
earthquake generators (faults).

25. RISK PROFILE
ACTIVE, INACTIVE AND POTENTIALLY
ACTIVE VOLCANOES OF THE
PHILIPPINES
300 volcanoes
22 active

26. July 1990 Killer Earthquake

27. Mt. Pinatubo Eruption, 1991

28. 7.2 Magnitude Earthquake, 2013

29. MAKE A DIFFERENCE
Changing attitudes…
Knowing hazards…
Doing somethingto minimize
the hazards.
67

30. PREPAREDNESS
ARE WE
REALLY
PREPARED?
68
Areweprepared?
WHAT IF?!
…Contnued

31. CRITICAL CONCERNS
1. Does your institution have an existing Disaster Response Team /Safety Committee?
2. If yes, is it functional?
3. Do we conduct emergency / disaster drills regularly?
4. Do we have Emergency Response Plan?
5. Do we have a Preparedness / Contingency Plan in the event of any disaster?
6. Are there personnel / employees trained in first aid, fire fighting or rescue?
7. Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other emergency paraphernalia?
8. Do we have an institutionalized warning system?
9. Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the institution?
69
7. Does the

32. PREPAREDNESS
Plan

33. PREPAREDNESS
72-HOUR SURVIVAL KIT
1.Food
2.Clothing
3.Communications
4.Documents
5.Medicines
6.Other Essential Needs
7.Emergency Money

34. R.A. 10121
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM

35. THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MAY 27, 2010
An Act Strengthening The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Framework, and Institutionalizing the Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other
purposes (DRRM Act 2010)
R.A.10121
86

36. 73
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
Disaster legislation in the Philippines dates back in 1978, primarily
reactive approach to disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness and
response. Other relevant legislation for mainstreaming of disaster risk
reduction into development includes land-use controls and building
codes. However, building codes are not strictly enforced and zoning
ordinances which are reported to have been relaxed over time.

37. 73
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
With the approval of the DRRM (Republic Act No. 10121) expect that
there would be a paradigm shift emphasizing disaster management to
a disaster risk management approach, with much greater importance
given to reducing risk. The RA was approved on 27 May 2010, and the
Implementing Rules and Regulations was crafted by the Task Force RA
10121 headed by the OCD

38. WHAT MUST BE DONE TO
REDUCE RISKDRRM

39. RISK REDUCTIONMETHOD
In the following order
1. Identify, characterize, and
assess threats
2. Assess the vulnerability of
critical assets to specific threats
3. Determine the risk (i.e.
the expected consequences
of specific types of attacks
on specific assets)
4. Identify ways to reduce those
risks
5. Prioritize risk reduction
measures based on a strategy

40. POTENTIAL RISK
TREATMENTS
Once risks have been identified and
assessed, all techniques to manage the risk fall
into one or more of these four major categories:
Avoidance (eliminate, withdraw from the risk area)
Reduction (optimize resources tomitigate effects )
Sharing (risk transfer or enrol in insurance)
Retention (accept, plan - formulate ConPlan, Evac Plan,
ICS and
provision of budget)
DRRM

41. A comprehensive disaster risk management strategy, actively involving
stakeholders at all levels of government as well as the private sector, local
communities and civil society, is required to implement the legislative
framework and to provide coordination and monitoring mechanisms and
arrangements.
Individual disaster risk reduction actions and programs need to be located
within this strategy, rather than treated as discrete, individual measures.
Moreover, the strategy needs to indicate specific entry points and
mechanisms for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction concerns into both the
broader development agenda and the design and implementation of individual
development initiatives.
DRRMDISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
8
1

42. Individual line agencies and local governments are legally
responsible for implementing disaster management, as it is still
commonly referred to in department circulars and executive orders,
within their own areas of responsibility. In practice, some LGUs have
yet to even establish their disaster coordinating councils (DCCs),
while those DCCs that have been established vary in quality. In
addition, reflecting Presidential Decree (PD) 1566’s reactive
approach to DCC meetings are commonly held only on an ad hoc
basis, in response to crisis situations, rather than on a more regular
basis to discuss ongoing risk reduction initiatives, and DCCs’ risk
reduction and mainstreaming capacity and capabilities are often
very limited.
DRRM
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENTSTRATEGY
…Continued

43. DRRMC ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
• NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
 17 REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENTCOUNCILS
 80 PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENTCOUNCILS
 117 CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
 1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENTCOUNCILS
 41,945 BARANGAY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENTCOUNCILS

44. R.A. 10121
The enactment of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 (also known as Republic Act 10121), aims to
achieve a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive approach in
disaster risk reduction and management.
 One of the main objectives of Disaster Preparedness it to “Enhance
the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative
impacts of a disaster”.
 The state of readiness for PDRRMC, MDRRMC and CDRRMC is
greatly determines the extent to which potential casualties and
damages can be reduced.
…Continued

49. QUESTIONS?
126

50. ROLE PLAY:
Choose a disaster scenario (earthquake, fire,
typhoon, volcanic eruption) and
demonstrate in the form of role play what to
do before, during and after the disaster.
Preparation: 15 minutes
POST-DISCUSSION ACTIVITY