Briefly described Reproductive Health Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide ...

2. REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH

3. 3
LECTURE’S
OBJECTIVES
•Define reproductive health
•Components of reproductive health
•Objectives of reproductive health
•General terminologies
•Sexual development/maturation

4. 4

5. 5
Reproductive Health
Reproductive health is defined as a
condition in which the reproductive
process is accomplished in a state of
complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence
of disease or disorders of the
reproductive process

6. 6
Obstetrics:
A branch of medical science that deals with the care of
women during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium.
Gynecology:
The branch of physiology and medicine which deals
with the functions and diseases specific to women and
girls especially those affecting the reproductive system.

7. 7
Components of Reproductive
Health
• Safe motherhood
• Quality family planning services
• Safe delivery and post natal care, including breast feeding;
• Prevention and treatment of infertility
• Prevention and management of complications of unsafe abortion;
• Safe abortion services, where not against the law;
• Treatment of reproductive tract infections, including sexually
transmitted infections;
• Information and counseling on human sexuality, responsible
parenthood
• Functional and accessible referral
• New born care

8. 8
Reproductive health care
It is defined as constellation(group) of
methods ,techniques and services that
contribute to reproductive health and
wellbeing by preventing and solving the
problems related to reproductive health

9. 9
OBJECTIVES OF
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
• To ensure a comprehensive and factual information and
a full range of reproductive health care services are
accessible , affordable , acceptable and convenient to all
users.
• To enable and support responsible voluntary decision
about child-bearing and methods of family planning
• To meet changing the reproductive health needs over
the life cycle and to do in ways sensitive to diversity

10. General
Determinants
10
Heredity
The Ability to reproduce relatively influenced by
fecundity
(capacity of productiveness) of once ancestors .
Health Good health has highest possible fecundity.
Age
Reproduction begins at puberty , develops during
adolescence and reaches a high point of maturity (15 to
45).
Emotional
surrounding
A good environment helps in proper development of
fetus .
Ovulation cycle Every 28 days one or more ova are released during
ovulation.
Lactation Pregnancy is usually impeded as mammary glands are
active.
Pregnancy wastage Refers to miscarriage or spontaneous abortion or
stillbirth.

11. Sexual Development
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 Conception
 Prenatal development
 Childhood
 Sexual Maturation
 Female puberty changes
 Male puberty changes

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13. Conception
 Union of sperm and ovum
 Genetic sex determined at
conception.
 Mothers X
 Fathers XY
 XX = Female
 XY = Male 13

14. Prenatal Development
 Internal structure.
Although sex determined at conception but the reproductive
system of male and female remains same till 6th weeks.
Changes starts from 7th week
 External genitalia
Remains same till 9th week
After 9th week it begins to change and sexual organ
complete at about 12th weeks.
14

15. Childhood
•Childhood 12 years
•Gender characteristics remains inactive
during infancy and childhood.
•At sexual maturity the hypothalamus
stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to
produce hormone by gonads.
15

16. Sexual Maturity
Puberty : refers to the time during which
reproductive organs become fully functional.
It is not a single event but a series of changes
occur during late childhood and early
adolescent.
Boys 10-14
Girls 10-14 16

17. Hormones in Sexual Maturation
• Hypothalamus stimulates pituitary to secrete FSH
(Follicular stimulating hormones) and LH Luteinizing
hormone.
• Both of these hormones secreted by the
gonadotropic cells of pituitary gland and work
together in reproductive system.
• Both of these hormones are present in male and
female 17

18. Female Puberty changes
 Breast Changes
 Body Contour
 Body hair
 Skeletal Growth
 Reproductive Organs
 Menarche
 Amenorrhea
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19. Male Puberty Changes
 Growth of reproductive organs of male
 Nocturnal emission (wet dreams)
 Body hair
 Body Composition
 Skeletal growth
 Voice Changes
19

20. Common OB/GYN Terminologies
• Dysmenorrhea
Difficult or painful periods.
• Ectopic pregnancy
When an ovum is fertilized and begins to
develop inside the Fallopian tubes; a
dangerous condition that can be fatal to a
woman if left untreated.
• Peri-menopause
The period of time before menopause when
a woman may experience symptoms such
as hot flashes or irritability due to
hormonal changes.
• Contraception
Birth control, family planning.
• Lochia
Vaginal bleeding that lasts for several
days after the birth of a child.
• Pap smear
A test which looks for abnormal cells on
the cervix; these cells may be the first
signs of changes that may lead to
cervical cancer.
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21. Common OB/GYN Terminologies
• Caesarean section
The surgical removal of an infant from the
uterus when vaginal delivery is not possible.
• Cervical laceration
A tear in the cervix.
• Cervical mucus
A sticky fluid which assists the movement
of sperm through the cervix.
• Colposcopy
A medical diagnostic procedure to examine
an illuminated, magnified view of the
cervix and tissue of the vulva and vagina.
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• Contraction
When muscles tense and shorten it is
called a contraction; cramps are caused
by muscle contractions.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID)
Irritation and swelling of the ovaries and
Fallopian tubes; this is usually associated
with a sexually-transmitted
infection.
• Post-partum depression
A depression that occurs because of the
hormonal changes that women
experience after giving birth.

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 To provide effective sexual and reproductive health
care services to adolescents, Nurses require knowledge
and skills in counseling, behavioral screening, risk
avoidance and reduction methods, as well as knowledge
of treatment guidelines.
 include family planning information, education and
communication; contraceptive counseling and provision of
contraceptives; basic screening of sexually transmitted
infections; prenatal or newborn care; and breastfeeding
support.
ROLE OF NURSE

23. ANY QUESTION
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24. References
• McKinney, E. S. (2013). Maternal-child nursing. St.
Louis, Missouri: Elsevier/Saunders
•Naveed Alam (2020) excel community medicine &
public health: Nishtar
• Google engine search

25. THANK YOU!
25
REHANA KAUSAR
Post - RN