2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO. TITLE PAGE NUMBER
1. Cover Page 1
2. Table of Contents 2
3. Introduction 3
4. Objectives 4
5. Methodology 5
6. Survey form 67
7. Statistical Analysis 824
8. Conclusion 25
9. References 26
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3. INTRODUCTION
This is a survey report on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) awareness among the male
and female students in Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus. The human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which is
commonly known as AIDS, a condition in which a progressive failure of the human immune
system that allows lifethreatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. A survey has
been conducted through a distribution of questionnaire after research has been done on the
selected chronic disease from information obtainable via reliable resources. A set of survey
questionnaire which consists of 15 closeended questions had been prepared to be distributed
equally among 150 male and female students respectively within the campus compound. The
collected data from 300 respondents have been compiled and organized accordingly based on the
gender for a statistical analysis to be carried out. The gathered information are then further
analyzed and interpreted into a series of chartdiagrams through statistical methodology. The
results obtained are summarized and presented in an infographic poster while each concluded
data are being further discussed in the report. In conclusion, male students have shown a higher
level of HIV awareness as compared to the female students.
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4. OBJECTIVE
The main objective for the conducted survey is to identify the level of human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) awareness among male and female students in Taylor’s University Lakeside
Campus. Besides, the project aims to develop a better understanding on the root causes that lead
to the chronic disease, acquired immune deficiency disease (AIDS) and also enable students to
have a gain of knowledge in the medical field. Skills and techniques used for the preparation of
survey questionnaire have also been developed through personal research and group study.
Moreover, this project also aims to enhance practical skills in collecting and analysis of data,
organization of statistical data into chartdiagrams, ability to draw a conclusion via proper
mathematical steps and statistical methodology, and lastly, to enable an indepth understanding
in the application of fundamental mathematics principles.
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5. METHODOLOGY
In a group of six, a survey on HIV awareness has been conducted for three consecutive days
from 11th
May 2015 to 13th
May 2015 . All of the survey questionnaires were printed out in the
hardcopy form to enable the collection and analysis of data to be done in a more systematic
manner. The survey questionnaires were distributed equally among 150 male and female
students respectively which sums up to a total number of 300 students. Our target are focused
mainly on the students only. Survey questionnaires have been distributed to students within
different area of the campus compound, which is the library, open air seating area, mini cafeteria
in between each block of the building, Taylor’s hostel, Ulounge and more.
Survey process are carried out at the open air seating area at Level 2.
Statistical analysis done by one of our group members.
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8. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Q1. Are HIV and AIDS the same thing?
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 59 91
Female 37 113
AIDS and HIV are not the same thing. AIDS refers to the disease which stands for acquired
immune deficiency disease whereas HIV refers to the virus which is known as human
immunodeficiency virus.
The table shows that more than 50% of the respondents, which with a number of 204 out of 300,
have gotten the correct answer. However, the number of female students who have gotten the
correct answer are more than the male students. Based on calculation, 75.3% of the female
students and 60.7% of the male students showed that they are able to clarify the differences
between the disease and the virus.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (91/150) x 100% = 60.7%
Female : (113/150) x 100% = 75.3%
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9. Q2. What is the colour of the ribbon which is used as an awareness symbol
for HIV/AIDS?
Gender
Number of Students
Pink Red Blue Black
Male 22 112 8 8
Female 41 96 6 7
The red ribbon is the universal symbol of awareness and support for those living with HIV. The
red ribbon was the first ever ribbon symbol, inspiring later versions such as the pink ribbon for
breast cancer awareness. On the other hand, the black ribbon is used as the awareness symbol for
the Melanoma skin cancer while the blue ribbon is actually used for quite a number of diseases
depending on the types of blue, i.e. dark blue is for colon cancer and light blue is for prostate
cancer.
Based on calculation, the percentage of students who have answered the question correctly are
74.7% and 64% for male and female students respectively. The modal class is the red ribbon.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (112/150) x 100% = 74.7%
Female: (96/150) x 100% = 64%
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10. Q3. Can HIV be fully cured?
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 26 124
Female 39 111
Up till today, no functional cure has been found to treat HIV infection. Treatments and
medication such as antiretroviral therapy, ARVs, antiHIV or antiAIDS drugs function only to
keep the amount of HIV in the body at a low level. This stops any weakening of the immune
system and allows it to recover from any damage that HIV might have already caused.
The bar chart shows that the number of male students who had gotten the right answer is higher
as compared to the female students. Only 111 out of 150 female respondents which is equivalent
to a percentage of 74% had chosen “No” as their answers while 124 out of 150 male students
who have chosen the right answer had contributed to a percentage of 82.7%.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (124/150) x 100% = 82.7%
Female: (111/150) x 100% = 74%
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11. Q4. HIV can be transmitted through casual contact / mosquitoes bite /
unprotected sexual intercouse?
Gender
Number of Students
Casual Contact Mosquitoes Bite Unprotected Sexual Intercourse
Male 13 16 147
Female 26 17 139
Unlike most transmissible diseases (colds, flus, measles, etc.), HIV is not transmitted through air,
food, water, or by touching any object handled, touched, or breathed on by a person with an
HIV/AIDS infection. Casual contact with HIV infected person does not place others at risk.
Besides, HIV cannot survive and replicate within a mosquito’s gut as it requires specialist cells
found only in the human body in order to multiply. However, unprotected sexual intercourse is
associated with the highest risk of transmitting HIV and other types of STD (sexually transmitted
diseases) through semen and vaginal fluid.
As this is a multiplechoice question, students are allowed to choose more than one answers. The
data has shown that 98% of the male students and 92.7% of the female students had chosen the
correct answer. However, 8.7% of male students and 17.3% of female students had chosen
“casual contact” as how HIV is transmitted through. Meanwhile, 12% of male students and
11.3% of female students think that “mosquitoes bite” is what contributes to the transmission of
the virus. The modal class for this question is “unprotected sexual intercourse”.
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13. Q5. Which of the following can reduce the risk of getting HIV through
sexual contact?
Gender
Number of Students
Condoms Contraceptive Pills Contraceptive Injection
Male 141 27 42
Female 125 34 48
Condoms are highly effective in preventing HIV when used consistently and correctly.
Contraception which includes contraceptive pills and injection served only to prevent a woman
from getting pregnant. They do not help in any prevention of HIV infection. As for this question,
students are allowed to choose more than one answers.
Based on the bar chart shown above, the modal class is “condoms”. It has been calculated that
94% of the male students and 83.3% of the female students had chosen the correct answer. In
comparison, male students are shown to have a higher awareness than female students regarding
the given question. However, there are 18% the of male students and 22.7% of the female
students think that contraceptive pills play a part in reducing the risk of HIV transmission.
Meanwhile, 28% of the male students and 32% of the female students had gone for the last
option, which is “contraceptive injection”.
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15. Q6. HIV can be prevented by avoiding contact with HIV positive people /
drugs and alcohol intake?
Gender
Number of Students
Contact with HIV positive people Drugs and alcohol intake
Male 122 56
Female 121 58
HIV can be prevented by avoiding drugs and alcohol intake. This is because drugs and alcohol
can weaken a person’s immune system by killing antibodies naturally produced by the body.
Lower count of antibodies could expose you to a greater risk of HIV infections as your immune
system failed to fight against the virus even if they are found in a relatively small amount. On the
other hand, having casual contact with HIVinfected patient does not place the others at risk for
an infection at all. Hence, the avoidance of having casual contact with HIVinfected patient does
not help in any of the preventions.
The bar chart shows that more than half of both male and female survey respondents had chosen
the incorrect answer which is by avoiding casual contact with HIV positive people. Only 37.3%
of the male students and 38.7% of the female students had answered the question correctly.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (56/150) x 100% = 37.3%
Female: (58/150) x 100% = 38.7%
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16. Q7. A HIVinfected patient can give birth to a HIVfree baby.
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 69 81
Female 59 91
A HIVinfected patient can actually give birth to a HIVfree baby. There are prevention
strategies which are available to decrease the risk of the child becoming infected. Without any
kind of prevention strategy, the risk of mothertochild transmission is about 25%. However, if
prevention strategies begin in sufficient time, this risk can be reduced to 1%.
The bar chart above shows that majority of the students had gotten the wrong answer. Only 46%
of the male students and 39.3% of the female students had agreed with the given statement.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (69/150) x 100% = 46%
Female: (59/150) x 100% = 39.3%
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17. Q8. Do animals get infected by HIV?
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 93 57
Female 71 79
Animals would not be infected by HIV as HIV which stands for human immunodeficiency virus
clearly tells that it will affect only the human mechanism. However, animals do have the chances
to be infected with a similar disease carried by the virus named simian immunodeficiency virus
(SIV).
The data above shows that less than 50% of the overall survey respondents are aware of this
biological fact. Based on calculation, only 38% of the male students (57 out of 150) and 52.7%
of the female students (79 out of 150) had answered the question correctly.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (57/150) x 100% = 38%
Female: (79/150) x 100% = 52.7%
Total : [(79+57) /300] x 100% = 45.3%
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18. Q9. Someone who is infected by HIV would definitely have AIDS.
Gender
Number of Students
True False
Male 68 82
Female 76 74
It is not true that someone who is infected by HIV would definitely have AIDS because AIDS is
the severe stage of HIV infection. AIDS would not be triggered when the virus are found in an
inactive condition in the body.
The bar chart above shows that more than half of the overall survey respondents disagreed with
the statement given in the survey questionnaire whereby someone who is infected by HIV would
definitely have AIDS. However, 54.7% of the male students and 49.3% of the female students
had answered this question correctly. The total number of respondents who had gotten the
correct answer (156 out of 300) had contributed to a percentage of 52%.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (82/150) x 100% = 54.7%
Female: (74/150) x 100% = 49.3%
Total : [(82+74) /300] x 100% = 52%
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19. Q10. The spread of HIV began with homosexual.
Gender
Number of Students
True False
Male 59 91
Female 43 107
The spread of HIV does not begin with homosexual. This is a common public’s misconception
about HIV/AIDS. In fact, it is primarily spread by heterosexual sexual contact.
Based on calculations, 60.7% of the male students (91 out of 150) and 71.3% of the female
students (107 out of 150) have shown to have answered this question correctly. In summation,
66% of the overall survey respondents (198 out of 300) are aware that homosexual does not
initiate the spread of HIV.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (91/150) x 100% = 60.7%
Female: (107/150) x 100% = 71.3%
Total : [(107+91)/300] x 100% = 66%
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20. Q11. Can HIV be tested through saliva test?
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 61 89
Female 65 85
HIV can be tested through saliva test. It works just like the HIV blood tests by detecting the
presence of HIV antibodies. This is because when a person is infected with HIV, his or her
immune system produces antibodies in a futile attempt to kill the virus. Hence, if a person has
HIV, he would also have HIV antibodies.
The data collected proves that 58% of the overall respondents are not aware that the infection can
actually be tested by taking an oral HIV test. However, there are 40.7% of the male students and
43.3% of the female students who had answered correctly.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (61/150) x 100% = 40.7%
Female: (65/150) x 100% = 43.3%
Total : [(61+65)/300] x 100% = 42%
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21. Q12. Can a person who is infected by HIV still look well and feel healthy?
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 113 37
Female 94 56
“In the early stages of HIV infection, the most common symptoms are none,” says Michael
Horberg, MD, director of HIV/AIDS for Kaiser Permanente, in Oakland, Cali. Most people
infected with HIV are symptomfree and would not know they were infected unless they were
tested. After infection with HIV, it can take 3 months for antibodies to the virus to be detectable
in the blood. Initially, the immune system can keep the virus at bay for a while, but it can't
completely get rid of it. Many people will feel fine for years before their immune system
weakens and they develop AIDS.
The data collected shows that more than 50% of the overall survey respondents had chosen the
correct answer. Besides, the percentage of students who have answered correctly are 75.3% and
62.7% for male and female students respectively. Hence, it is concluded that the male students
understand better than the female students for this question.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : (113/150) x 100% = 75.3%
Female: (94/150) x 100% = 62.7%
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22. Q13. When a person is infected by HIV, his/her immune system is weakened.
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 142 8
Female 114 36
HIV infects the vital cells of the human immune system by attacking the CD4+ T cells, a type
of white blood cells that function as a “fighter” cell which are crucial to the immune system.
Based on the data collected, 85.3% of the overall survey respondents show that they understood
the fact that a person’s immune system is weakened when he/she is infected with HIV. Also, the
total students who have agreed with the given statement are 94.7% and 76% for male and female
students respectively. Hence, with the figure stated, it is shown that the male students are more
highly aware than the female students on how HIV could impact the human body.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : [(142/150) x 100%] = 94.7%
Female: [(114/150) x 100%] = 76%
Total : [(142+114)/300 x 100%] = 85.3%
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23. Q14. Is it safe to have unprotected sex when both parties are having HIV
positive?
Gender
Number of Students
Yes No
Male 32 118
Female 42 108
It is not safe to have unprotected sex when both parties are having HIV positive. This will cause
reinfection when a person living with HIV gets infected a second time while having unprotected
sex with another HIV infected person.
Based on calculation, 78.7% of the male students and 72% of the female students have answered
this question correctly. In comparison, the male students have shown to have a better
understanding on the fact behind this question as compared to the female students.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : [(118/150) x 100%] = 78.7%
Female: [(108/150) x 100%] = 72%
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24. Q15. What is the treatment for HIV infection?
Gender
Number of Students
Antiretroviral therapy Chemotherapy Gamma therapy
Male 116 26 47
Female 110 39 42
The treatment for HIV infection is antiretroviral therapy (ART). It helps to keep the amount of
HIV in the body at a low level and stop the immune system from getting further impaired. On the
other hand, gamma therapy which is also known as Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a type of
radiation therapy used to treat tumors and other abnormalities in the brain. Lastly, chemotherapy
is the treatment for cancer by using chemical substances.
From the table above, the modal class is “antiretroviral therapy”. The amount of students who
have answered this question correctly are 77.3% and 73.3% for male and female students
respectively.
Percentage of students who have answered correctly (%)
Male : [(116/150) x 100%] = 77.3%
Female: [(110/150) x 100%] = 73.3%
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25. CONCLUSION
The collected data and information have been gathered and tabulated to determine the
understanding level of female and male students regarding the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). Based on analysis, more than 75% of the overall respondents have achieved a certain
level of HIV awareness in which they manage to answer more than half of the questions
correctly. However, there are also a few questions which the majority has gotten it wrong. One
of it includes question regarding the prevention of HIV. Many chose to avoid casual contact with
HIVinfected patient as one of the way to prevent themselves from getting infected, but in fact,
HIV pose no threats to people who are engaged in skin to skin contact.
Besides, more than 50% of the male and female respondents disagree with the statement
which claims that HIVinfected patient can give birth to a HIVfree baby. However, this is
actually true when a pregnant woman is on an antiretroviral treatment. Moreover, nearly half of
the overall respondents which is equivalent to a percentage of 48% believed that a person who is
infected by HIV would definitely have AIDS. In fact, HIV infections are actually divided into 3
stages which are the acute infection, followed by clinical latency and the latest stage, which is
the severe case called AIDS.
To wrap this up, it is concluded that the male students have a higher level of HIV
awareness as compared to the female students. Apart from that, there has also been personal
development and knowledges gained throughout the entire process of completing this survey
report. We hereby hoping that students would be exposed more to AIDS/HIVrelated awareness
events and talks so as to help them understand better by having a basic medical knowledges not
only for societal benefits but as well as for themselves.
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