Matthias kiese: A European Proposalfor Comparative Cluster Policy Research

A European Proposal for Comparative Cluster Policy Research

Silicon Valley Y Valley Silicon X © Max-Peter Menzel „ Presidents, ministers, and dignitaries come in pilgrimage here, in well-publicized delegations that aim to capitalize the visit in social prestige or political votes back home.“ (Castells/Hall 1994, S. 12) Motivation: Best Practice & Copycat Behavior

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Guiding Questions

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Comparative Cluster Policy Research: Outline

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cluster Initiative = an organised effort to increase the growth and competitiveness of a cluster within a region, involving cluster firms , government and/or the research community (Sölvell et al. 2003, p. 31) Cluster Initiative vs. Cluster Policy

1) cf. Fromhold-Eisebith/Eisebith 2005, p. 1256 PPP Dimensions of Cluster Policy Governance 1 Public Private Cluster reference 1 Implicit Explicit Complexity Single Instrument Holistic Approach Cluster Orientation Low High Coherence Low High Institutionalisation Weak Strong Maturity Embryonic Completed

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Case Study Regions: Western Germany Hannover Region: hannoverimpuls GmbH Wolfsburg AG Projekt Region Braunschweig GmbH Regensburg Nuremberg Region/ Central Franconia dortmund-project Wuppertal-Solingen- Remscheid: kompetenzhoch3 Cartography: Stephan Pohl

Cf. Kiese 2008, p. 133 A Public Choice Model of Cluster Promotion Academia Conceptual Action Space Economic Rationality Political Action Space Political Rationality Practical Action Space Bureaucratic Rationality Implementation Electorate P P P A A A A P Principal-Agent- Constellation Cluster Theory Methods for Cluster Identification & Analysis Advice

“ Even if the public authority that oversees the cluster is highly competent and attempts to maximise local welfare, an optimal cluster policy looks like something extraordinarily difficult to achieve.“ “ Cluster policies that already look fraught with difficulties in a world of benevolent governments look extremely unappealing when political agency is explicitly taken into account .“ (Duranton 2009, p. 26-27; emphasis added) Public Choice Economics: Implications for Cluster Policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Understanding of Clusters in German Policy and Practice

Stylized Facts on Regional Cluster Policy in Germany ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cf. Kiese 2008, p. 133 Fuzzy Action Spaces of Cluster Promotion Academia Conceptual Action Space Economic Rationality Political Action Space Political Rationality Practical Action Space Bureaucratic Rationality Implementation Electorate P P P A A A A P Principal-Agent- Constellation Cluster Theory Methods for Cluster Identification & Analysis Advice Blurred action spaces and rationalities: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Case Study Regions in the U.S. Stockinger 2010, p. 66 (Cartography: Stephan Pohl) ,[object Object],[object Object],Portland Southern Oregon Philadelphia Pittsburgh Research Triangle Piedmond Triad

Liberal Market Economies Coordinated Market Economies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Global Cluster Initiative Survey (GCIS II), Ketels et al. 2006, p. 22 1) Hall/Soskice 2001 Cluster Policy and Varieties of Capitalism 1

Cluster Policies in Germany vs. U.S.: Selected Differences Cf. Stockinger et al. 2009, Sternberg et al. (forthcoming) 1) cf. Amin/Thrift 1993; 2) cf. Putnam 1995; 3) van den Berg/Braun 1999 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Policy area ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],National System of Innovation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Institutional setting Germany U.S. Implementation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Policy Transfer: Channels and Determinants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Consultants as Transfer Agents: The McKinsey Case Cf. Kiese 2010 Hannover Region: hannoverimpuls GmbH Wolfsburg AG Projekt Region Braunschweig GmbH City of Regensburg Nuremberg Region/ Central Franconia District dortmund-project Bergisches Städtedreieck: kompetenzhoch3 Cartography: Stephan Pohl ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transfer Channels: Summary of Evidence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cf. Kiese 2010 Widespread Consultants Common, but doubts about transferability Journeys Low, limited to regional/national scene German practitioners hardly participate in international KCs Knowledge communities Informal exchange btw state ministries, otherwise rare Personal communication Some cases in cluster management for transfer of procedural knowledge Personnel mobility low (limited to Porter, manuals hardly known nor used) Literature Occurrence / Relevance Channel

Interregional vs. Path-dependent Institutional Learning based on Hassink/Lagendijk (2001: 69), also cf. Nonaka/Takeuchi 1995 Interregional learning is embedded in path-dependent local learning processes. Cluster approach generic explicit accumulated experience, learning by doing („laboratory“) local-specific tacit (Re-)Contex-tualisation Decoding Adaption Decontex-tualisation Codification Regional cluster concept path-dependent learning (incremental, cumulative)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Comparative Cluster Policy Research: Towards an Agenda ,[object Object]

Thank you for your kind attention!

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],References (1/3)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],References (2/3)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],References (3/3)

Matthias kiese: A European Proposalfor Comparative Cluster Policy Research

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