This document provides an overview of the oilseed processing industry in India. It discusses that India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world. It also outlines the major oilseed crops grown in India like soybean, groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, and sunflower. The document then summarizes the various steps involved in oilseed processing like conditioning, drying, cracking, rolling, extraction and refining. It also discusses the economic importance of oilseeds and highlights strengths like diverse agro-climatic conditions and weaknesses like production facing high rainfall variation in the Indian oilseed processing industry.

1. Environmental
scanning report on
oil seed processing
Industry

2. Contents
• INTRODUCTION
• INCREASING DEMAND OF OILSEEDS
• TOP EDIBLE OIL COMPANIES
• ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF OILSEEDS
• MAJOR OILSEED CROPS IN INDIAN
• PRODUCTION VOLUME OF OILSEEDS
• OILSEED PROCESSING
• SWOT ANALYSIS

3. INTRODUCTION
India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the
world and the oilseed sector occupies an
important position in the country’s economy. The
country accounts for 12-15 per cent of global
oilseeds area, 6-7 per cent of vegetable oils
production, and 9-10 per cent of the total edible
oils consumption.Oilseeds are rich in protein, and
in addition they contain a high level of fat. Hence,
they are not only good sources of protein, but,
also concentrated source of energy. The proteins
in oilseeds can be fed either as part of the oil-
intact seed, or as a meal from which the oil has
been removed

4. Increasing demand
The domestic demand for vegetable oils
and fats has also been
rising rapidly at an increasing rate due to
increase in per capita
income and increase in standard of living.
Thus, annual demand is
increasing at the rate of 6 per cent while
our domestic output has
been increasing at just about 2 per cent.

5. Top 10 edible oil
companies in india
1. KSE.India
2. Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd.
3. Gokul Agro Resources Ltd.
4. Gujarat Ambuja Exports Ltd.
5. Gokul Refoils And Solvent Ltd.
6. Vijay Solvex Ltd.
7. BCL Industries Ltd.
8. Agro Tech Foods Ltd.
9. Anik Industries Ltd.
10. Kriti Nutrients

6. Economic importance of
oilseeds
• Most of these are edible, and used as a cooking medium
in the form of oil.
• Extracted oil is also used as raw material for
manufacturing large number of items like paints,
varnishes, hydrogenated oil, soaps, perfumes, lubricants,
etc.
• Oil cake which is the by product, obtained after the
extraction of oil from oilseeds is an excellent cattle feed.
• Oil cake is also used as a fertilisers.
• Oil seed such as groundnuts are edible and used as food
source.
• Oil seeds are used in the manufacture of household
cooking fats. Examples include sunflower seeds

7. Major oilseed crops in India
The diverse agro-ecological
conditions in the country are
favourable for growing nine annual
oilseed crops, which include seven
edible oilseeds (groundnut,
rapeseed & mustard, soyabean,
sunflower, sesame, safflower and
niger) and two non-edible oilseeds
(castor and linseed) and several
perennial oil-bearing tree crops

8. Soyabean
India harvested 12.9 million mt of
soybean in 2020-21, according to
ministry of agriculture. According
to India’s ministry of agriculture,
planted area under soybean was at
12.2 million hectares in 2021-22,
slightly higher than 12.1 million
hectares in 2020-21.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

9. Groundnut
India is second largest producer of
groundnut in world.Groundnut is
the major oil seed crop in India
and It contributes significantly to
the country’s vegetable oil
shortages. Groundnuts in India are
available throughout the year due
to a two-crop cycle harvested in
March and October. Ground Nuts
are important protein crops in
India grown mostly under rain-fed
conditions.

10. Rapeseed And
Mustard
In India, the mustard and rapeseed is the
most important oil seed crop after
groundnut accounting around 25 per cent of
total oilseed production. India produced
more than nine million metric tons of
rapeseed and mustard. This was an increase
from the previous fiscal year. In fiscal year
2020, India produced more than 33 million
metric tons of oilseeds.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

11. Castor seed
Castor is an important industrial
non-edible oilseed crop. Castor
seed contain 45-47 % non-edible
oil, which is used as domestic,
medicinal and industrial purposes.
Castor oil is used as a lubricant in
all moving parts of the machinery
and particularly high speed
engines and aero planes.The major
castor producing States in India are
Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra
Pradesh. Together, these States
account for more than 90 per cent
of total domestic production with
Gujarat being the largest castor oil
seed producing State

12. Sesamum
Sesame seed, commonly known as
Til in India is largely produced for
its oil and is also used as a flavoring
agent. Sesame seeds are a good
source of healthy fats, protein, B
vitamins, minerals, fiber,
antioxidants, and other beneficial
plant compounds. More than 85%
production of sesame comes from
West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat,
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

13. Sunflower
It is one of the fastest growing
oilseed crops in India.In India, it
was used mainly as ornamental
crop but in recent past it became
an important source of edible and
nutritious oil. Sunflower is a major
source of vegetable oil in the
world. It is used for a variety of
cooking purposes

14. Linseed
It is also called Alsi .Linseed is an
important industrial and edible oil
and fiber producing crop. It also
being as medicinal plant is rich in
oil (41%), protein (20%), dietary
fiber (28%), contains 7.7%
moisture and 3.3% ashes.

15. Nigerseed
In India the niger is considered as a
nontraditional edible oil crop and
about 75 percent of the seeds
produced are used for oil
extraction while the rest is
exported for bird feed.Traditionally,
niger oil is used as a massage oil.
Its therapeutic properties offer
relief in case of aches, pains and
skin problems

16. Safflower
In India, This safflower oil (golden
yellow coloured) is largely used for
cooking purposes. The main benefit
of this seed is to produce cake after
oil extraction which is being used as
cattle feed. The green safflower
crop can also be used as a green
fodder for cattle and the livestock.

17. Major oilseeds production in
india

18. Oilseed Processing
Receive
Storage
Dehull
Condition
Dry
Crack
Roll
Hull (8%) Grind
Store/Sold
Meat (92%)
Solvent
Extraction
Oil (18%)
Refine
Centrifuge
Remove solids (silica)
Bleach (clay)
Deodorize (steam, vacuum)
Meal (74%)
Remove solvent
Toast
Dry
Cool
Size (roll, sieve)
Store/Sold
Store/Sold
Toast
Pellet
Flaking

19. Conditioning – gently
warming whole beans to
facilitate hull removal
Drying – removes majority of
moisture from conditioning
process; loosens the hull
Cracking – breaks whole
bean into 1/6” to 1/8”
pieces, which releases hull
from seed
Rolling – removes hull with
aspiration and screening
Dehulling

20. Oilseed Hulls
Receive
Storage
Dehull
Condition
Dry
Crack
Roll
Hull (8%) Grind
Store/Sold
Toast
Pellet
Soy hulls Pelleted soy hulls

21. Relatively inexpensive Low protein, low fat, high
fiber
Contain antinutritional factors
unless heat-treated
Feed uses:
Energy source for maintaining or
grazing animals
Less efficient than corn in high
concentrate diets
Oilseed Hulls (cont.)

22. • Meat is heated to 160°F to soften prior
to flaking
• Flaked on large rolls to 0.38 mm
• Flaking ruptures oil cells, enhancing
extraction
Flaking
Flaking
Machine
Flaked Meat

23. • Primary solvent is hexane
• Various extractors: basket,
continuous/immersion, Blaw-
Knox Rotocel
• Solvent-extraction for oil
removal is primarily
accomplished by percolation
• Similar to making coffee:
hexane = water, oilseed
meat flakes = coffee
Extraction
Extractors
Oilmachinerysupplier.com 2013
Blaw-Knox Rotocel;
Board, 2002

24. Oil
Refinement
• Centrifugation – Spinning at extremely high
speeds to separate oil from phosphatides
and soaps
• Filtration – Via silica sand removes
additional phosphatides and heavy metals
• Bleaching – Via clay removes color,
chlorophyll, trace metals, and secondary
oxidation products
• Deodorization – via vacuum and high temp
steam removes odor, free fatty acids, color,
and degradation products

25. Crude Soy Oil
Partially Refined Oil
Refined Oil
Ready For
Consumption
Lecithin
(Wet Gums)
Degummed Oil
Bleached Oil
Solids Removal with Centrifugation
Solids Removal with Silica
Bleaching with Bleaching Clays
Deodorizing with Steam
Phosphates & Soaps
(Dry Gums)
Oil Refinement (cont.)

26. DTDC for Oilseed Meal
• Desolventizer/Toaster
• Defatted flakes still carry hexane, which heat removes
• Heat also toasts meal to destroy anti-nutritional factors, such as urease and trypsin inhibitors
• Dryer/Cooler removes moisture from flakes
• Flakes stick together, so they are ground via hammermill with large screen
• Flow agent added to prevent clumping
• Portion of hulls may be added to adjust protein content

27. Potential Feed Safety
Hazards
• Physical Hazards
• Non-grain material in screenings
not caught by magnets
• Chemical Hazards
• Solvent residues, grain chemicals
like pesticides/herbicides/fertilizers
• Microbial Hazards
• Molds (Mycotoxins)

28. T
W
S
O
SWOT ANALYSIS

29. Strength
Diverse agro-ecological situations
The diverse agro-ecological situations prevalent in
the country favours cultivation of nine annual
oilseed crops, which include seven edible oilseeds
viz, groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, soybean,
sunflower, safflower, sesame and niger and two
non-edible oilseeds viz, castor and linseed.

30. Strength
Production and distribution of quality
oilseeds
Distribution of assured quality seed is
necessary for attaining higher yields.
The Indian seed industry has shown
impressive growth in serving the oilseed
growers and its role is not only to
provide adequate quantity of quality
seeds but also to achieve varietal
diversity.

31. Strength
Strong research network for development of
oilseed technology
Oilseeds research in India received an impetus
with the setting up of AICRP on oilseeds in 1967.
Groundnut and rapeseed-mustard were delinked
from the Directorate with establishment of
National Research Centres for these crops in 1979
and 1993 respectively

32. Strength
Integrated Scheme on Oilseeds,
Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (ISOPOM)
Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation started implementing
ISOPOM, mainly to provide flexibility to
the sates in implementation of oilseed
development schemes, on a regionally
differentiated approach, to promote crop
diversification and to provide focused
approach to the oilseed development
programmes from April 2004 onwards.

33. Strength
Strong frontline extension network for
oilseed technology dissemination
ICAR’s Crop Sciences and Extension
Education divisions are involved in the
transfer of oilseed technology. The
Directorate of Oilseeds Research (DOR)
coordinates the frontline demonstrations
and extension activities related to oilseed
development that are conducted all over
the country. Zonal Coordinating Units
(ZONAL) coordinate the oilseed extension
activities.

34. 1
2
W eakness

35. 2
3
1
W eakness
Production situation
The annual oilseed production
of the country is faced with high
degree of variation as nearly
76% of the oilseeds area is
under rainfed conditions.
Availability of quality seed can
alone increase yield to the
extent of 25-30% over old and
obsolete varieties.

36. 3
2
Processing situation
Indian processing industry
suffers from several maladies
like outdated technology and
low oil recoveries. The lack of
adequate integration between
expelling and solvent extraction
units alone is costing the
country Rs.2500 crores annually.
Additional inefficiency arises
from non-integration of solvent
extraction with expeller units .
1
W eakness

37. 2
1
System constraints in public sector
transfer of oilseed technology
There are many dificiency that
hamper the transfer of technology
efforts by this sector. Multiplicities
of technology transfer by each line
department and there is little
coordination across different
departments involved. Farmers'
forum did not have effective linkage
with the research and extension
system .
3
W eakness

39. During 1999-2004, the
production of oilseeds declined
annually by 1.2 per cent with
decline in area under cultivation
by 2.56 per cent. The continuous
cultivation of oilseed crops
without proper crop rotation has
led to depletion of soil nutrients
and increase in pest and disease
incidence.
Production situation

40. Technical inefficiencies in oilseed
production, on an average have
been found to be 25% to 33%.
Lack of assured market for
oilseeds and timely and assured
supply of quality seeds are
contributing factors. India needs
to attain global competitiveness,
that is to say ability to produce
globally acceptable quality
Processing situation

41. The edible oil demand of
India is expected to go up to
20.16 kg/annum in the next
7 years, given 6% rise in the
per capita income. The
present level of oilseed
production of the country
needs to be increased by
three times to meet out the
projected demand.
Edible oil demand

43. Production situation
High level of resistance is available
for 19 (29.6%) and partial for 33
(51.5%) diseases that affect oilseed
crops. Wherever damage is severe
but resistance is too low or absent,
it could be augmented with
transgenic sources. Modern tools
like molecular markers could be
employed for enhancing the
efficiency of resistance breeding.

44. Processing situation
There are uncommon opportunities
to add value to different oilseeds and
oils, which must be fully exploited.
Value addition to castor oil before
exports alone can fetch additional
earning of Rs.20000 crores. There is a
lot of scope for the Indian vegetable
oil industry for employing efficient
technologies for seed crushing and
oil processing.

45. India is the least expensive
cottonseed producing country
along with Argentina in the
world. Net cost of production of
cotton lint is lowest in India due
to high value of cottonseed
that finds many uses. The
country has the vast potential
of growing oil palm
Supplementary oil sources

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