A presentation on ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGEN(S)

1. Welcome
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2. ORGANIC SOILAMENDMENTS FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGEN(S)
Mrinmoy Roy Tanu
Reg. No. 14-05816
Level: MS
Department of Plant Pathology
Sher-e-Bangla AgriculturalUniversity
Dhaka, Bangladesh 11 February 2023
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3. Contents:
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Importance of the Study
 Materials and Methods
 Some Soil Borne Diseases
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion and Recommendations
Presentation Outline
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4. Soil Borne Pathogens:
 Microorganisms that are isolated from soil or which have been observed to exist in
soil in some form (Mycelium, Sclerotium and Apothecium etc.)
Examples: Fusarium oxysporum , Phytophthora infestans etc.
Soil Borne Disease:
 The diseases which have been caused by caused by soil borne pathogen
Examples : Wilt of Brinjal, Late Blight of Potato etc.
Soil Amendments:
 Any material added to the soil to improve physical & Chemical properties od soil. It
may either Organic or Che
Examples: Lime, Fertilizer, Organic matter , silicate etc.
Introduction
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5. Objectives
 To know the suppressive capacity of different organic soil amendments
against soil borne pathogen(s) and diseases.
 To select some effective soil organic amendments against soil borne
diseases based on their interaction between host and pathogen.
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6. Why Soil Amendments??
 Very Virulent pathogen and have potentiality to cause up to 100% yield loss
 Difficult to control by traditional methods ( i.e. Crop rotation, Resistant variety etc.)
due to long survival capacity
 Alternatives are needed after banning of Methyl Bromide
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7. Materials and Methods
All data are secondary data. This is a complete review paper based on reviewing five articles and
several study cases from different renowned journals of the world. Additional information is taken from
different websites like:
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8. Figure 1(a). Sheath Blight of Rice Figure 1(b). Rhizoctonia solani
Courtesy: American Phytopathological Society
Soil Borne Diseases
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9. Figure 2(a). Late Blight of potato Figure 2 (b). Phytophthora infestans
Courtesy: American Phytopathological Society
Continued...
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10. Figure 3(a). Fungal Wilt Figure 3 (b). Fusarium oxysporum
Courtesy: American Phytopathological Society
Continued...
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11. Figure 4(a). Foot and collar rot Figure 4 (b). Sclerotium of Sclerotium
rolfsii
Courtesy: American Phytopathological Society
Continued...
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12. Figure 5(a). Fruit rot of Tomato Figure 5(b). Pythium sp
Courtesy: American Phytopathological Society
Continued...
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13. Results and Discussion
Source: Kumar et al., 2006
Sl. No. Disease Severity (%) Yield
(q/ha)
Treatments Tillering
stage
Booting
Stage
Flowering
Stage
Harvestin
g Stage
1 Azadirachta indica(leaf) 9.13 29.15.06 73 36.33 27.61
2 Azadiractha indica (cake) 5.40 9.40 15.46 19.46 32.60
3 Pongamia pinnata(leaf) 10.46 24.66 41.40 45.40 26.16
4 Pongamia pinnata (Cake) 6.86 15.06 22.90 26.40 29.94
5 Gliricidia maculata 6.46 12.13 18.33 22.4 31.83
6 Chromolaena odarata 8.40 20.13 30.13 34.7 28.05
7 Prosopis juiflora 6.20 11.46 21.40 28.06 30.72
8 Terminelia bellerica 12.40 27.73 42.66 47.46 25.27
9 Carbendazim .98 3.86 5.40 8.0 36.49
10 Control 17.66 35.66 52.33 59.33 22.72
Table 1. Efficacy of Soil amendments against sheath blight of Rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani
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14. Source: Islam et al., 2013
Treatment Potato Tomato
% Incidence % Severity % Incidence % Severity
T1(Control with no spray) 60.33a 38.23a 100.00 8.87a
T2 (Control with fungicide spray) 14.24f 27.00e 100.00 6.06d
T3 (Compost Tea as foliar spray) 12.88f 27.00e 100.00 8.33abc
T4 (Compost tea as soil drenching) 42.29b 53.33bc 91.67 6.06d
T5(Poultry liter extract as soil drenching) 44.43b 54.00bc 91.67 7.51ad
T6 (Compost as soil application) 26.59d 48.33c 100.00 7.52ad
T7 (Poultry litter as soil application) 60.30a 60.00ab 100.00 7.06cd
T8(Bio-pesticide as soil application) 18.67e 38.67d 100.00 8.71ab
T9 (BAU- Bio fungicide as foliar spray) 22.74de 49.33e 100.00 6.20d
T10(Mustard oil cake as soil application) 37.48e 6.472 100.00 7.20bcd
LSD 4.088 4.135 -- 1.435
Level significance * * NS *
Table 2. Effect of different organic soil amendments on the incidence and severity of the late blight of potato
and tomato caused by Phytophthora infestans
Continued...
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15. Treatments % Disease severity (PDI) % Wilted Plants
Poultry refuge (PR) 26.25d 1.75e
Mustard Oil Cake (MOC) 27.5c 3.002d
Saw Dust (SD) 30.63b 6.98ab
Sesbania rostrate compost
(SRC)
28.13c 4.36cd
Municipals waste compost 30.63b 6.30bc
BARI Trico-Compost (BTC) 27.5c 3.63d
Leachate 28.18c 6.22bc
Control 33.13a 9.71a
CV (%) 1.35 15.03
Table 3. Effect of different types of soil amendment on corm rot and Fusarium wilt of Vegetables
caused by Fusarium oxysporum
Source: Yasmin and Ali, 2006
Continued...
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16. Treatment % Disease Incidence % Incidence reduction
over control
Disease severity or Stem
lesion area (Cm2)
% Severity reduction over
control
90DAT 120DAT 90DAT 120DAT 90DAT 120DAT 90DAT 120DAT
T1=Control 33.33a 62.50a 0.00 0 5.70a 6.36 0.00 0
T2= Bavistin 0.00 7.10c 100.00 88.64 0.00e 0 100.0 100.0
T3=Bordeaux
Mixture
13.33d 32.17a-c 60.00 48.52 1.97b-e 2.20b-d 65.44 65.40
T4=Neem leaf
extract
13.33d 35.27a-c 60.00 43.56 2.03b-e 2.63bc 58.64 58.64
T5=
Allamanda
leaf extract
26.67c 50.87 19.99 18.60 3.17bc 4.27cd 44.39 35.06
T6= Poultry
manure
20.00c 50.90ab 39.99 18.56 3.33b 4.13bc 41.59 32.28
T7=
Trichoderma
harzianum
13.33d 38.43a-c 60.00 38.51 2.90b-d 3.60b 48.59 58.64
LSD (.05) 5.84 2.58 1.981 2.259
%CV 4.91 4.456 5.42 4.06
Table 4. Effect of different treatments on disease incidence and disease severity in eggplant under field condition at
90 days and 120 days after transplanting
Source: Ahmmed et al., 2018
Continued...
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17. Organics (150kg/ha) Plant growth 120
day (Cm)
Yield kg/plant Disease Incidence
Farm Yard Manure (FYM) 54.47 1.56 39.00
Coir Pith 50.76 1.11 56.00
Vermicompost 55.91 1.50 38.00
Neem Cake 57.59 1.66 18.00
Groundnut Cake 53.93 1.37 33.00
Pungam Cake 54.40 1.42 37.00
Control 39.86 .68 71.00
Cowdung (.05) 1.05 .02 .83
Table 5: Effect of soil application of individual organic amendments against Foot rot Disease under in vivo.
Source: Srinivasan and Jebaraj, 2017
Continued...
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18. Organics (150kg/ha) + P. f. (2.5
kg/ha)
Plant growth 120
day (cm)
Yield kg/plant Disease Incidence
Farm Yard Manure (FYM) + P. f 56.55 1.65 32.00
Coir Pith + P. f 53.68 1.34 40.00
Vermicompost+ P. f 55.34 1.53 31.00
Neem Cake + P. f 58.68 1.72 10.00
Groundnut Cake+ P. f 54.36 1.48 27.00
Pungam Cake+ P. f 54.74 1.56 30.00
Control 41.03 .71 69.00
Cowdung (.05) 1.03 .03 3.17
Table 6: Effect of soil application of individual organic amendments with Pseudomonas fluorescence against Foot
rot Disease under in vivo
Source: Srinivasan and Jebaraj, 2017
Continued...
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19. Conclusion
The use of organic matter (OM) has been proposed, for both conventional and biological agriculture
systems, to decrease the incidence of plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens.
For:
• Rhizoctonia solani : Neem cake
• Phytophthora infestans : Tea compost extract
• Fusarium oxyporum : Poultry refuge
• Sclerotium rolfsii : Neem leaf extract
• Fruit rot disease of Tomato : Neem Cake + Pseudomonas fluorescence
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20. Recommendations
 Investigating how different OM (organic amendment) modulate plant-pathogen-antagonist
relationships.
 Developing OM amendments able to enhance the activity of beneficial microbes, without
stimulating pathogen populations and virulence.
 Developing models able to integrate all the available resources that can manage soil borne
pathogen.
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