Botswana

By : AINA MURAD, SIYANA (631D), NADIAH,
FADHZILLAH, ZAHIAH (631 C)

Botswana, a landlocked country in southern Africa, has a landscape
defined by the Kalahari Desert and the Okavango Delta,

Geography
Twice the size of Arizona, Botswana is in south-central Africa, bounded by Namibia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Most of the country is near-desert, with the Kalahari occupying the
western part of the country. The eastern part is hilly, with salt lakes in the north.

I
 general social-economic characteristics
of residential life in
 a given country (no more than 5 pages of
information, including photographs,
pictures, tables and graphs)
Government structure and a political regime
Administrative and territorial subdivisions
Climatic and geographic peculiarities
General economic growth and the predominant
type of production (industrial and agricultural
production)

Government structure and a political regime
 The Constitution of Botswana is the rule of law
which protects the citizens of Botswana and
represents their rights.
 The politics of Botswana take place in a
framework of a representative democratic
republic,
 whereby the President of Botswana is both
head of state and head of government, and of
a multi-party system.Executive power is
exercised by the government. Legislative power
is vested in both the government and the
Parliament of Botswana.
 The most recent election, its eleventh, was held
on 24 October 2014.

Government
Parliamentary republic
Sir Seretsa Ian
Khama

Administrative and territorial subdivisions
 Botswana is divided into nine districts.
 10 - Southern District
 20 - South-East District
 Kweneng District
 Kgatleng District
 Central District
 (Eliminated and Divided Into)
 Central Serowe/Palapye
 Central Mahalapye
 Central Bobonong
 Central Boteti
 Central Tutume
 North-East District
 North-West District (
 Possible Eliminated Divided Into)
 Ngamiland District
 Okavango District
 Chobe District
 Ghanzi District
 Kgalagadi District
 (Eliminated and Divided Into)
 Kgalagadi South District
 Kgalagadi North District

 Botswana is further divided into 15 councils
which includes the 9 districts councils from
the 9 districts plus some councils from
urban or town councils being:
 01 - Gaborone City
 02 - Francistown City of,
 03 - Lobatse Town
 04 - Selebi-Phikwe Town
 06 - Jwaneng Town
 05 - Orapa Town
 07 - Sowa Township

Climatic and geographic peculiarities At 581,730 km2
(224,607 sq mi)
Botswana is the world's 48th-largest
country.
 The country is predominantly flat,
tending toward gently rolling
tableland. Botswana is dominated by
the Kalahari Desert, which covers up
to 70% of its land surface.

Environmental problems
 A baobab tree (Adansonia
digitata)
 Botswana faces two major
environmental problems:
drought and desertification.
 71% of the country's land is
used for communalgrazing,
which has been a major
cause of the desertification
and the accelerating soil
erosion of the country.

II
 population statistics (no more than 10 pages of information,
including photographs, pictures, tables and graphs)
 Population size and residential density
 National languages, religion and traditions
 Age-sexual composition of the population (use an age pyramid)
 Changes in population (represent data in dynamics for some years using
all known types of tables, graphics, diagrams, and pictures; estimate and
analyze the identified changes in population)
 Mechanical movements of the population: urbanization,
emigration and immigration
 Natural movements of the population:
 natality rates (crude birth rate, fertility rate);
 mortality rates (crude death rate, cause-specific and age-specific death
rates, cause-fatality rates, maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate,
pre- and neonatal mortality rate, mortinatality rate);
 population growth;
 average life expectancy (Years of Potential Life Lost).

population statistics
 Population (2014 est.): 2,155,784 (growth rate: 1.26%); birth rate:
21.34/1000; infant mortality rate: 9.38/1000; life expectancy:
54.06;note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life
expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population
growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and
sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2014 est.)
 A mid-sized country of just over 2 million people, Botswana is one
of the most sparsely populated nations in the world. Around 10
percent of the population lives in the capital and largest city,
Gaborone. Formerly one of the poorest countries in the world—with a
GDP per capita of about US$70 per year in the late 1960s—Botswana
has since transformed itself into one of the fastest-growing economies
in the world, now boasting a GDP (purchasing power parity) per capita
of about $18,825 per year as of 2015, which is one of the highest in
Africa.[1]
Its high gross national income (by some estimates the fourth-
largest in Africa) gives the country a modest standard of living and the
highest Human Development Index of continental Sub-Saharan Africa

Population size and residential density
 The Tswana are the majority ethnic group in Botswana, making up
79% of the population. The largest minority ethnic groups are the
BaKalanga, and San orAbaThwa, also known as Basarwa. Other
tribes are Bayei, Bambukushu, Basubia, Baherero and Bakgalagadi. In
addition, there are small numbers of whites and Indians, both groups
being roughly equally small in number. Botswana's Indian population is
made up of many Indian-Africans of several generations, with some
having migrated from Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritius, South
Africa, and so on, as well as first generation Indian immigrants. The
white population speaks English and Afrikaansand makes up roughly
3% of the population.
 Since 2000, because of deteriorating economic conditions in
Zimbabwe, the number ofZimbabweans in Botswana has risen into the
tens of thousands.[32]
 Fewer than 10,000 San people are still living their traditional hunter-
gatherer style of life. Since the mid-1990s the central government of
Botswana has been trying to move San out of their historic lands.[33]
The
UN's top official on indigenous rights, Prof. James Anaya, condemned
Botswana's actions toward the San in a report released in February
2010

National languages, religion and traditions : Language
 The official language of Botswana is
English although Setswana is widely
spoken across the country.
 the main ethnic group of Botswana is
the Tswana people, hence the name
Botswana for its country. The people as
a whole are Batswana, one person is a
Motswana, and the language they speak
is Setswana.
 Other languages spoken in Botswana
include Kalanga (sekalanga), Sarwa (ses
arwa), Ndebele, !Xóõ and, in some
parts,Afrikaans.

National languages, religion and traditions : Religion
 An estimated 70% of the country's citizens identify as
Christians. Anglicans, Methodists, and the United
Congregational Church of Southern Africa make up
the majority of Christians. There are also congregations
of Lutherans, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Latter-day
Saints (Mormons), the Dutch Reformed Church,
Mennonites, Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah's
Witnesses in the country. In Gaborone, a Lutheran History
Centre is open to the public.
 According to the 2001 census, the country has
around 5,000 Muslims, mainly from South Asia,
3,000 Hindus and 700 Baha'is. Approximately 20% of
citizens espouse no religion. Religious services are well
attended in both rural and urban areas

National languages, religion and traditions : Music Botswana folk music has instruments such
as Setinkane (a Botswana version of
miniature piano), Segankure/Segaba (a
Botswana version of the Chinese
instrument Erhu), Moropa (Meropa -plural)
(a Botswana version of the many varieties
of drums), phala (a Botswana version of a
whistle used mostly during celebrations,
which comes in a variety of forms).
 The national anthem is Fatshe leno la rona.
Written and composed by Kgalemang
Tumediso Motsete, it was adopted upon
independence in 1966

National languages, religion and traditions : Visual Arts
 In the northern part of Botswana,
women in the villages
of Etsha and Gumare are noted for
their skill at crafting baskets from
Botswana from Mokola Palm and
localdyes.
 The oldest paintings from both
Botswana and South Africa depict
hunting, animal and human figures, and
were made by the Khoisan (!Kung
San/Bushmen) over twenty thousand
years ago within the Kalahari desert.

Age-sexual composition of the population (use an age pyramid)
Age Group Total Male Female Percentag
e
Young People Under 15
Years Old
725 069 369 211 355 858 33.9
Persons Between 15 And 64
Years Old
1 331 326 673 410 657 938 62.2
Persons Above 64 Years Old 83 588 33 726 49 862 3.9

 Botswana population pyramid has an
expanding type. This type of pyramid is
common for developing countries with
high birth and death rates. Relatively
short life expectancy, as well as low
level of education and poor health care
are also describe such kind of
population age distribution model.

Age dependency ratio
The total dependency ratio of
population in Botswana is 60.7 %.

 Child dependency ratio
 Child dependency ratio is a ratio of people below
working age (under 15) to workforce of a country.
 Child dependency ratio in Botswana is 54.5 %.
 Aged dependency ratio
 Aged dependency ratio is a ratio of people above
working age (65+) to workforce of a country.
 Aged dependency ratio in Botswana is 6.3 %.
 Source: The estimation data for section "Botswana age dependency ratio" is based on the latest demographic
and social statistics by United Nations Statistics Division .

Changes in population (represent data in dynamics for some years using all
known types of tables, graphics, diagrams, and pictures; estimate and
analyze the identified changes in population)
Botswana Population clock
(http://countrymeters.info/en/Botswana)
28-02-2016 22:28:10
 2 145 341 :Current population
 1 082 976 :Current male population (50.5%)
 1 062 366 :Current female population (49.5%)
 7 219 :Births this year
 115 :Births today
 3 420 :Deaths this year
 54 :Deaths today
 1 560 :Net migration this year
 25 :Net migration today
 5 358 :Population growth this year
 85 :Population growth today

Population of Botswana
2015
 As of 1 January 2016, the population of Botswana was estimated to be
2 139 983 people. This is an increase of 1.66 % (34 861 people)
compared to population of 2 105 122 the year before. In 2015 the
natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the
number of deaths by 24 714. Due to external migration, the population
increased by 10 147. The sex ratio of the total population was 1.019 (1
019 males per 1 000 females) which is higher than global sex ratio. The
global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1 016 males to 1 000
females as of 2015. See also map of the world by sex ratio of total
population.
 Below are the key figures for Botswana population in 2015:
 46 965 live births
 22 251 deaths
 Natural increase: 24 714 people
 Net migration: 10 147 people
 1 080 271 males as of 31 December 2015
 1 059 712 females as of 31 December 2015

Botswana population
2016
 During 2016 Botswana population is projected to increased by 35 438
people and reach 2 175 421 in the beginning of 2017. The natural
increase is expected to be positive, as the number of births will exceed
the number of deaths by 25 123. If external migration will remain on the
previous year level, the population will be increased by 10 315 due to
the migration reasons. It means that amount of people who moves into
Botswana (to which they are not native) in order to settle there as
permanent residents (immigrants) will prevail over the amount of
people who leaves the country to settle permanently in another country
(emigrants).
 Population dynamics in 2016
 According to our estimations, daily change rates of Botswana
population in 2016 will be the following:
 131 live births average per day (5.45 in a hour)
 62 deaths average per day (2.58 in a hour)
 28 immigrants average per day (1.18 in a hour)
 The population of Botswana will be increased by 97 persons daily
in 2016.

Botswana population
density
 Botswana population density is 3.7 people
per square kilometer as of February 2016.
Density of population is calculated as
permanently settled population of
Botswana divided by total area of the
country. Total area is the sum of land and
water areas within international boundaries
and coastlines of Botswana. The total area
of Botswana is 581 730 km2
according to
the United Nations Statistics Division .

Mechanical movements of the population:
urbanization, emigration and immigration

Natural movements of the population:
natality rates (crude birth rate, fertility rate);
mortality rates (crude death rate, cause-specific and age-specific death
rates, cause-fatality rates, maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, pre-
and neonatal mortality rate, mortinatality rate);
population growth;
average life expectancy (Years of Potential Life Lost).

Life expectancy
 Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important
demographic indicator. It shows the number of years
a newborn infant would live assuming that birth and
death rates will remain at the same level during the
whole lifetime.
 Total life expectancy (both sexes) at birth for
Botswana is 58.1 years.
This is below the average life expectancy at birth of
the global population which is about 71 years
(according to Population Division of the Department
of Economic and Social Affairs of the United
Nations).
 Male life expectancy at birth is 58.8 years.
Female life expectancy at birth is 57.3 years.

Characteristic of
populations health in
Bostwana

General incidence rate of
population
National HIV incidence, estimated at 2.9% in 2008, is similarly skewed
towards women. The HIV incidence for females was estimated at 3.5%
in 2008 compared to 2.3% for males.
Urban areas carry a larger share of Botswana’s HIV and AIDS burden,
19.1% compared to 16.6% for urban villages and 17.1% for rural
Botswana (BAIS III, 2008).

General prevalence rate of
population
Botswana’s 2008 AIDS Impact Survey estimates national prevalence at
17.6% in 2008 compared to 17.1% in 2004. According to figure 6.2, HIV
and AIDS has a strong gender dimension. The prevalence rate for females
was 20.4% in 2008 compared to 14.2% for males.

YEARS LIVED WITH
DISABILITY (YLDs)
 Years lived with disability (YLDs) are
estimated by weighting the prevalence of
different conditions based on severity.
 The top five leading causes of YLDs in
Botswana are HIV/AIDS, major depressive
disorder, iron-deficiency anemia, low back
pain, and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease.

DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE
YEARS (DALYs)
• Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
quantify both premature mortality (YLLs)
and disability (YLDs) within a population. In
Botswana, the top three causes of DALYs
in 2010 were HIV/AIDS, major depressive
disorder, and tuberculosis. The causes that
were in the 10 leading causes of DALYs in
2010 and not 1990 were interpersonal
violence, low back pain, and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease.

Role of the Government on
Disability Issues
• The National Policy on Care for People
with Disability has outlined the national
response to the demand for a coordinated
delivery of service and care for people with
disabilities in Botswana
• It describes the role of various government
ministries, the private sector, non-
governmental and local organizations,
community leaders and members , and
persons with disabilities in national

The National Policy on Care for
People with Disability –
Specific Objectives:
 To create database on the living conditions
among
 people with disabilities in the Southern African
region
 To initiate a discussion on the concept and
understanding of “disability”, particularly from
the perspective of developing countries

• To assist organisations of people with
disabilities and relevant authorities to
understand and utilize disability research
results
• To avail information that will assist the
Southern African Federation of Disabled
People in the establishment of the Disability
Resource Centre for Southern Africa through
training and technical assistance.
• To build capacity among people with
disabilities and their organizations on research
processes and utilization

• To influence positive development in national
policies, programmes, and advocacy
• To develop a strategy and methodology for the
collection of comprehensive, reliable and
culturally-adapted statistical data on living
conditions among people with disabilities (with
particular reference to the International
Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health - ICF)
• To strengthen research collaboration on the
situation of people with disabilities among
participating Southern African countries,
Botswana included.

State Sources of Health
Service Financing

Private Medical Institutions
Financing

Minister
Assistant
Minister
Permanent
Secretary
Deputy
Permanent
Secretary

Policy, Planning,
Monitoring and
Evaluation
AIDS Prevention
and Care
MASA (antiretrovir
al treatment)
Health Hub
Health
Inspectorate
Clinical Services
1. Central Medical Stores
11. District Health Management
Teams
11a)Curative Services
11b)Preventive Services
11c)Corporate Services
Ministry
Management
Health Sector
Relations and
Partnership
Public Health
* Preventive
Services
The Office of Strategy
Management (new division to
oversee the Ministry’s strategy
and projects)
Corporate Services

 In Botswana, health services are delivered in public,
private for-profit, private non-profit and traditional
medicine practice settings(pluralistic).
 The public sector is the main provider of services
delivered through a network of health facilities using
the primary health care approach.
 Other health care providers complementing the public
sector are faith-based organizations (two district
hospitals), mining companies (three hospitals) and a
few nongovernmental organizations.
 The health facilities are spread over 29 health districts
operated by the district health management teams.
Number and Types of Medical Institutions of Outpatient
and Inpatient Care

System of Diseases Surveillance
 The Government Of Bostwana, through its e-Health Policy,
recognizes that surveillance of health, demographic and social
indicators is essential to its ability to manage and improve the
health system and the health of the population.
 Surveillance systematically identifies emerging issues and
monitors the effectiveness of intervention strategies.
 Across Botswana, there are several high-quality yet
independent health surveillance systems used to track public
health, chronic and reportable diseases, including those
supporting HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis reporting.
 These systems are operated by different governance entities
across several government ministries, each with their own
data access protocol, and this complicates the integration
challenge.

Positive Innovation for the Next Generation
Surveillance
Source: Disease Surveillance and Mapping Project, PING Technical
Projects

b)Child Health
• Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD)
• Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
including diarrhoea, respiratory infections,
nutrition, Micronutrient supplementation
• HIV/AIDS
• School Health
• Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC)
• Disabilities

d) Non-Communicable Diseases and
Conditions
• Mental Health
• Oral Health

MMR Trend with proportional cause
Causes of
Maternal
Deaths
2005 2006 2007
No % No % No %
HIV related 21 29.6 19 30.6 8 9.8
Pregnancy,
childbirth and
puerperium
27 38 23 37.1 48 58.5
Other causes 23 32.4 20 32.3 26 31.7
Total
71 100 62 100 82 100
MMR (per
100,000 live
births)
157.9 139.8 193.4

Progress towards the MDGs – Selected Indicators
MDG 1990-1994 2002-2006 2015
Underweight children for
under 5 (%) to reduce by
half
17 5.9 8.5
Infant mortality rate (per
1000) to reduce by two-
thirds
48 56 16
Under five mortality rate
(per 1000) to reduce by
two-thirds
63 74 21
Children immunised
against measles (%)
74 86 100
Births attended by skilled
personnel (%)
93 96 100
Maternal mortality rate
(per 100 000) to reduce by
three-quarters
326 150-190 81
HIV prevalence among
adults (%)
NA 25 Falling

Access to ART (% clinically
eligible) universal
NA 95 ±100
TB notifications (per 100
000)
200 620 Falling
Proportion of population
without access to safe
drinking water (%) to
reduce by half
23 4 12

Medical Education
Medical
School
Internship
Supervised
Specialist
(2Years)
Consultant
Superspecialt
y
Post Graduate
Medical Officer
(2 Years)

Number of expatriates employed as at December 2012
Type of expatriate Number
Medical Officers 173
Specialists 44
Consultants 33
Dental Specialists 2
Pharmacists 49
Pharmacy Technicians 49
Nurses 213
Clinical Psychologists 3
Radiography Officers 33
Radiographers 28
Medical Scientific Officers 56
Medical Laboratory Technicians 37
Physiotherapists 15
Occupational Therapists 2
Total 737

Basic Indicators Unicef Statistics
Under-5 mortality rank 52
Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), 1990 48
Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), 2012 53
U5MR by sex 2012, male 58
U5MR by sex 2012, female 49
Infant mortality rate (under 1), 1990 38
Infant mortality rate (under 1), 2012 41
Neonatal mortality rate 2012 29
Total population (thousands) 2012 2003.9

Annual no. of births (thousands) 2012 47.7
Annual no. of under-5 deaths (thousands) 2012 3
GNI per capita (US$) 2012 7720
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2012 47.2
Total adult literacy rate (%) 2008-2012* 85.1
Primary school net enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2011* 87.3

Women Indicators Unicef Statistics
Life expectancy: females as a % of males 2012 97
Adult literacy rate: females as a % of males 2008-2012* 101.1
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Primary GER 96.5
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males 2008-2012*, Secondary GER 106.5
Survival rate to the last grade of primary: females as a % of males 2008-
2012*
103.7
Contraceptive prevalence (%) 2008-2012* 52.8
Antenatal care (%) 2008-2012*, At least one visit 94.1
Antenatal care (%) 2008-2012*, At least four visits 73.3
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Skilled attendant at birth 94.6
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Institutional delivery 99
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, C-section -
Maternal mortality ratio , 2008-2012*, Reported 160
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Adjusted 160
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in:) 220

Demographic Indicators Unicef Statistics
Population (thousands) 2012, total 2003.9
Population (thousands) 2012, under 18 810.5
Population (thousands) 2012, under 5 232.2
Population annual growth rate (%), 1990-2012 1.7
Population annual growth rate (%), 2012-2030 0.9
Crude death rate, 1970 13
Crude death rate, 1990 7.1
Crude death rate, 2012 17.1
Crude birth rate, 1970 45.7

Life expectancy, 1970 54.8
Total fertility rate, 2012 2.7
Urbanized population (%), 2012 62.3
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%),
1990-2012
3.5
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%),
2012-2030
1.6

Health Indicators Unicef Statistics
Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, total 96.8
Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, urban 99.3
Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, rural 92.8
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, total 64
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, urban 77.9
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%) 2011, rural 41.8
Routine EPI vaccines financed by government (%) 2012 -
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, BCG 99
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, DPT1 98
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, DPT3 96
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, polio3 99

Immunization coverage (%) 2012, MCV 94
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, HepB3 96
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Hib3 96
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Newborns protected against
tetanus
92
Pneumonia (%) 2008-2012*, Care seeking for suspected
pneumonia
14.1
Pneumonia (%) 2008-2012*, Antibiotic treatment for suspected
pneumonia
-
Diarrhoea (%) 2008-2012*, Treatment with oral rehydration salts
(ORS)
48.9
Malaria (%) 2008-2012*, Antimalarial treatment among febrile
children
-
Malaria (%) 2008-2012*, Children sleeping under ITNs -
Malaria (%) 2008-2012*, Households with at least one ITN -

Nutrition Indicators Unicef Statistics
Low birthweight (%) 2008-2012* 13
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%), 2008-2012* 40
Exclusive breastfeeding <6 months (%), 2008-2012* 20
Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods 6-8 months (%),
2008-2012*
45.5
Breastfeeding at age 2 (%), 2008-2012* 5.9
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe 11.2
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, severe 3.8
Stunting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe 31.4
Wasting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe 7.2
Overweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe 11.2
Vitamin A supplementation full coverage (%) 2012 -
Iodized salt consumption (%) 2008-2012* 65.2

• The public sector is the main provider of
services delivered through a network of
health facilities using the primary health
care approach.
• Other health care providers complementing
the public sector are faith-based
organizations (two district hospitals),
mining companies (three hospitals) and a
few nongovernmental organizations.
• The health facilities are spread over 29
health districts operated by the district
health management teams.

Index of Population with Hospital
Beds (per 10,000 persons)

• Despite Botswana’s sparse population
distribution, health facilities are accessible to
over 90% of the population.
• The number of hospitals increased from 16
in 1998 to 17 in 2006. The number of beds
increased from 22.7 in 1998 to 23.3 beds in
2006 per 10,000 people which represents a
12% increase overall or an average annual
increase of 1.6% during this period.

• The master policy for the health system is the National
Health Policy that was first formulated in 1995 to guide the
development of the health sector toward attainment of the
highest level of health. In response to changes in the
health status of the population, health care technologies
and the organization of the health system, the National
Health Policy was revised in 2011.
– The revised policy puts emphasis on:
– quality of care
– optimum health services utilization
– fair distribution of services across the population spectrum
– protection of disadvantaged and vulnerable populations
– social determinants of health
– partnerships of the public sector, private sector, civil society and
communities.
– Plans are underway to establish a National Health Council to
coordinate and oversee all health sector activities.

 Besides the National Health Policy,
Botswana has a number of health system
policies focused on the major health
programmes in the country. These include
the:
National Sexually Transmitted
Infections/HIV/AIDS policy 1998
TB/HIV Collaborative Policy Guidelines 2010
Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy
Guidelines and Service Standards 2007

• National Policy on Mental Health 2003
• Malaria Policy 2011
• Botswana National School Health Policy and Procedure Manual
1999
• National Alcohol Policy for Botswana 2011
• National Policy on Care of People with Disabilities 2008
• National Environmental Health Policy
• Botswana Policy for Waste Water and Sanitation Management
2001.
• Other guiding frameworks for Botswana's health system include
Acts of Parliament and programme guidelines such as:
• the Public Health Act (Chap. 63.1)
• the Mental Disorders Act
• Clinical Waste Management Code of Practice
• The Control of Smoking Act 1992
• Operational Guidelines, Service Norms and Standards for
Injection Safety in Botswana
• Waste Management Act 1998.

Legislation About the
Protection of Motherhood
and Childhood
• Botswana has maintained high coverage of
key maternal and child survival interventions,
with:
– ANC attendance at 94 per cent;
– immunization coverage of 90 per cent;
– high ANC HIV testing of 98 per cent;
– ARV for PMTCT of HIV at 93 percent; and
– 94 percent of births taking place in institutions.

• Despite these investments, child mortality
estimates are still high. The 2007
Botswana Family Health Survey (BFHS)
revealed that;
– The increase in child mortality since the late
1990s reflects the effects of HIV and AIDS on
child survival and the fact that current child
health and survival interventions have not fully
mitigated. Since independence, both infant and
under-five morality were on a decline until the
early 1990s but have been on the increase since
the mid-1990s (see Figure 2).

Under-five, infant and neonatal mortality
are higher in rural areas as compared to
urban areas

Organization of medical care
to women out of pregnancy,
system of family planning.
• Unfortunately, there are still obstacles for
woman to access to health services due to :
• The very high prevalence of HIV/ AIDS and
• the practice of unsafe abortions.
– The Criminal Code criminalises abortion, unless
pregnancy is a result of rape, defilement, or incest,
poses a physical or mental health risk to the pregnant
woman, or if the unborn child would suffer from or
later develop serious physical or mental abnormalities
or disease.

Botswana

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