FYP slide presentation in Performance Enhancement of TORA by Node Density and Mobility Speed.

2. • What is MANET?
• Network of mobile devices that
are connected without wires
• Ad hoc network does not rely on
any fixed
• There is no access points or base stations

3. • Why is this routing protocol
are chosen?
• Based on concept of link
reversal
• Temporary Ordered Routing
Protocol (TORA)
• Has 3 basic function
• Route Creation
• Route Maintenance
• Route Erase

4. • People that are getting hit by natural
disaster can’t connect with the people out
of the coverage
• Network topology changes frequently and
unpredictable
• Lack of centralized entity

5. • To study TORA routing protocol in MANET.
• To modify the parameters that are affected
the network performances such as node
density and mobility speed.
• To analyze the performances of TORA in
terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio
and packet loss rate.

6. • To study about TORA in MANET
• To use the NS2 Simulation tool

7. • Timing of study
• Lack of previous research studies about
TORA

9. Performance Parameters
Parameters TORA (Temporally Ordered
Routing Algorithms)
AODV (Ad-hoc on demand
distance vector)
DSR ( Dynamic Source
Routing)
DSDV (Destination Sequence
Distance Vector)
DYMO (Dynamic
MANET On-Demand)
CSGR (Cluster
Switch Gateway
Routing)
Routing
approaches
Reactive Reactive Reactive Proactive Reactive Proactive
Route
selection/
Protocol
Type
Link Reversal Shortest and updated path Shortest and updated path Link State Unicast multipath
routes
Shortest path
Routing table Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) Maintain a node table which
is the next hop routing
information for the
destination nodes is stored
The route is created only
when it is required and the
nodes utilize the route cache
information efficiently to
reduce the overhead and
collision.
Node maintain a complete
address to each destination
Route address, Route
Prefix, Route
Sequence Number,
Route NextHop
Interface/ Address,
Route Forwarding,
Route Broken
Maintain a routing
table that used to
determine the next
hop to reach the
destination
Route Single Multiple Multiple Single Multipath Simple and multiple
route
Routing
structure
Flat Flat Flat Flat Flat Hierarchical
Route
maintenance
Link reversal and Route
repair
Nodes maintain Sequence
Number and Broadcast ID
Process
1. Hop by hop
acknowledgement
2. End to end
acknowledgement
Nodes maintain a routing
table
Peforms route
discovery for the
destination when
receive RERR message
Nodes maintain a
routing table which
is used to determine
the next hop to
reach the
destinations
Limitations Overhead in large network
consume a large bandwidth
Multiple Route Reply packets
in response to a single Route
Request packet can lead to
heavy control overhead
Scalability problems due to
the source routing and
flooding
High overhead, does not
support multipath routing
Increasing the size of
the routing packets
Nodes will spending
a lot of time
converging to a
cluster head if the
cluster head is
changed frequently

10. Network Simulator
Simulator Ns2 Ns3 OMNeT++ OPNET
Type Open Source Open Source Open Source Commercial Network
Simulator
Language C++, OTCl C++, Python C++ C(C++)
Environment  Discrete event
simulator that provides
substantial support
for simulation of TCP,
routing and multicast
protocol over wired
and wireless networks.
 Discrete- event network
simulator
 Support parallel
simulations

 Eclipse based simulation
IDE used for designing,
running and evaluating
simulations.
 Can be used for modeling
of multiprocessors,
distributed hardware
systems and performance
evaluation of complex
software systems.
 Support the modeling of
communication networks
and distributed systems
 Both behavior and
performance of modeled
systems can be analyzed by
performing discrete event
simulations
Platforms Windows, Linux Windows, Linux,
Mac OS
Windows, Unix-
based, Mac OS
Hewlett-Packard,
Solaris
Network
Support Type
Wired Network,
Wireless Ad-Hoc
mode, Wireless
Sensor Network
Wired Network,
Wireless Network,
Wireless Sensor
Network
Wired Network,
Wireless Managed
mode
Simulate entire
heterogeneous
network with various
protocols

11. Metric Parameters
Title A stable TORA based for
routing in Mobile Ad
Hoc Networks
Performance
Comparison of
AODV, DSDV,
DSR and TORA
routing
protocols in
MANET
Evaluation of
mobility model
with MANET
routing
protocols
A study and
performance
analysis of TORA
routing protocol
in Vehicular Ad-
hoc network
Performance
Evaluation of WLAN
network based TORA
protocol using 0FDM
(802.11a) and
extended rate PHY
(802.11g)
Nodes number 30,40,50,60 20,40,60,
80,100
50 30 100
Simulation Time 500 seconds 500 seconds 300 seconds 100 seconds 1000 seconds
Buffer Size 50 Packets - - - 1024000 seconds
Nodes pause time 0 seconds 50 seconds 2 seconds - -
Nodes moving speed 20 m/s 20 m/s - 10 m/s 100 m/s
Node position Random Random - Random Rectangular

14. Ubuntu is installed in order to
run the NS2 simulator.
Installation and configuration of
NS2 are done in the Ubuntu

15. Installation of NS2 and NAM

17. List of
TORA file

18. tora.h - TORA objects/definitions...
tora_dest.h - destinations the routing protocol knows about
tora_neighbor.h - per destination neighbors
tora_packet.h - packet definitions
tora.cc - basic TORA functionality
tora_api.cc - TORA API (defined cmu/rtproto/rtproto.h) used by IMEP
tora_io.cc - packet processing and I/O
tora_logs.cc - logging functions
tora_neighbor.cc - implements per destination neighbors
tora_dest.cc - implements destinations

19. TCL Script for TORA Coding

20. • Throughput graph
• End to End Delay graph
• Packet Delivery Ratio graph

21. Task FYP1 W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14
Project Title Proposal
Research
Proposal Presentation
Development of Methodology
Report Drafting of Proposal
Final Presentation
Report Submission

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 Anas Mouiz, A. B. (2019, April 16-17). Performance Evaluation of OLSR and AODV Routing Protocols with different Parameters in Mobile AdHoc
Networks using NS2 Simulator. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1145/3323933.3324065
 Deepika Madan, M. J. (2016). Performance Enhancement Of WLAN Network based TORA protocol using OFDM(802.11a) and Extended rate
PHY(802.11g). International Journal of Scientific Research and Management.
 Gudakahriz, J. (2018). A stable TORA Based for Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Engineering,Technology & Applied Science Research, 2532-
2536.
 Mohammad Alnabhan, S. A. (2019). Performance analysis and enhancement of position-based routing protocols in MANETS. International Journal
of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems 23, 109-120.
 S.Poornima, M. V. (2016). Comparison of AODV, OLSR, TORA Routing Protocol In MANET. International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering
and Research.
 Sharma, D. (2016). Improved OLSR and TORA Routing Protocols for MANETS. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing,
494-500.
 V.K.Patle. (2016). Evaluation of Mobility Model with MANET Routing Protocols. International Journal of Computer Applications.