Post Globe 2010 presentation

1. PV Thermal Systems
Energy Producing Buildings
Presented By: John Hollick, Conserval Engineering Inc
Conserval Engineering Inc.

2. PV / Thermal
Combines two great solar technologies
- solar photovoltaic and
- solar air heating
into one foot print
Buildings become energy generators
Conserval Engineering Inc.

3. SolarWall – Solar Air Heating
SolarWall is an unglazed all metal
solar heater for ventilation air
Typical applications are:
• Commercial
• Manufacturing
• Warehouses
• Office
• Multi-Residential
• Municipal Facilities
• Schools
• Hospitals
Conserval Engineering Inc.

4. TYPICAL MASONRY WALL INSTALLATION
•J-Bars fasten to wall at perimeter
•Support J-Bars with clips
•Fasten Hat Clips to wall
•Attach Horizontal Framing
•Apply SolarWall Cladding and
flashing
Conserval Engineering Inc.

5. Fresh air is heated as it is pulled through the
perforations and into the air cavity
OUTSIDE AIR IS
PASSING
HEATED THROUGH ABSORBER
Perforation
AIR SPACE UNDER
NEGATIVE PRESSURE
AIR SPACE
SOLARWALL PANELS
Conserval Engineering Inc.

6. HVAC heats the air to the desired temperature and
then distributes air into the building
HVAC SYSTEM
SUMMER BYPASS
TO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
AIR SPACE
SOLARWALL PANELS
Conserval Engineering Inc.

7. Typical Applications
• A general rule of thumb is that if your
building requires heat, you can benefit
from solar air heating.
• The following slides show the wide
range of applications for solar air
heating:
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

8. Industrial
1 1. Steelcare - Ontario
2. Sainsbury Distribution Center,
Pineham – UK
3. World’s Largest Solar Collector -
Bombardier’s Canadair Assembly
Plant - Quebec
2 3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

9. Retail Buildings
1
1. Winner of the 2001 AIA Top 10 Green
Projects Award - BigHorn Home
Improvement Center – Silverthorne, CO
2. Restaurant – Nagano, Japan
3. Wal-Mart Super Center – Aurora, CO
2 3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

10. Maintenance Facilities
1
1. Enbridge – Toronto, ON
2. Transit Garage – Gera,
Germany
3. Calgary Transit Bus
Terminal – Calgary, AB
2 3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

11. Military
1
1. U.S. Military Fort Drum – NY
2. U.S. Military Fort Carson – CO
3. U.S. Military Fort Huachuca - AZ
2 3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

12. Schools
1
1. Ecole Du Tournant – Quebec
2. Delta School – BC
3. Shandong University - China
2 3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

13. Municipal Buildings
1 1. Hibbing Courthouse - MN
2. Willow Springs Firehall - NC
3. Rapid City Community Center - SD
2 3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

14. Government Agencies
1 1. NASA’s Dryden Flight
Research Center - CA
2. Health Canada - ON
3. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) - CO
2 3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

15. Apartment Buildings
1 1. Mansard Roof - Germany
2. Manchester Housing - BC
3. Windsor Housing - ON
4. Manitoba Housing - MB
5. Tokyo Apartments - Japan
2 3 4 5
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

16. Agriculture
1. Walnuts – California
1
2. Chicken Barn – Canada
3. Tobacco – Caribbean
4. Marigold Flowers – India
5. Manure Drying – New York
2 4
5
3
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

17. Rooftop Application
• Solar air heating is not confined to just wall
mounted applications, also available for rooftop
installations
• SolarDuct modular rooftop design acts as a solar
thermal duct with SolarWall panels on top
• Arrays sized according to energy requirements
of the building
• Preheats ventilation air before
it enters rooftop air handling
units
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

18. Rooftop Solar Collector
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

19. SolarDuct Connects to HVAC
• Acts as a front end system to an HVAC
• Pre-heats air before entering the HVAC
Conserval Engineering Inc.

20. Building Integrated PV
Problems integrating PV solar into a building.
• Heat buildup under PV modules – 90°F (50°C) over
ambient
• Structural damage from heat
• Lower operating efficiency under high temperature.
For each °C in temperature, the power production
drops by ~0.5%
• Competition for collector space on wall or roof
• Economics of PV grid tied systems
Conserval Engineering Inc.

21. The 12% PV Roof
• Typical PV modules have efficiencies of 10% to 15%
• Remaining energy produced is heat, which is neither
captured nor utilized
• HVAC units not utilized for solar
Conserval Engineering Inc.

22. The 50% Roof
Conserval Engineering Inc.

23. SolarWall behind PV
Cools PV panels by removing heat
Conserval Engineering Inc.

24. Performance Testing
• Tests conducted at Canada’s National Solar Test Facility.
• Panels from BP Solar, Evergreen Solar & UniSolar tested under
NOCT conditions with 10 m2 (108 ft2) SolarWall test panel
• PV modules mounted approximately 10mm (3/8”) above the
SolarWall test panel
• Standard test conditions at NOCT (800 Watts/m2, 1 m/s wind
and an open back) & Solar Thermal Conditions (900 Watts/m2
and at 3 m/s wind.
• Air Flow heat removal rates selected were 2 cfm/ft2 and 6 cfm/ft2
Conserval Engineering Inc.

25. PV on SOLARWALL test panel
Evergreen BP UniSolar
Conserval Engineering Inc.

26. PV Panel Heat Produced
• AIR TEMPERATURE RISE @ 2 CFM/FT2
• NOCT Test Conditions
Collector Type [°C]
• BP PV/T 15
• Evergreen PV/T 14
• UniSolar PV/T 20
Conserval Engineering Inc.

27. Test Results
Air Flow PV PVη Actual Thermal Thermal η T rise Total η
CFM W % W % C %
EG 2 746 10.3 1878 23.2 14.4 32.4
BP 2 637 10.4 1954 24.1 15.1 31.9
US 2 477 6.6 2542 31.4 19.7 37.3
US 6 487 6.7 4076 50.4 10.8 56.4
BP 6 627 10.3 3545 43.8 9.4 51.6
EG 6 753 10.3 3229 39.6 8.5 48.8
Conserval Engineering Inc.

28. PV vs. PV/T Great Lakes Area
Renewable Energy Production
800.0
600.0
kWh / year / m2
400.0
200.0
0.0
PV Panels PV/T PV Panels PV/T (30º Tilt)
(Vertical) (Vertical) (30º Tilt)
Conserval Engineering Inc.

29. PV vs. PV/T Great Lakes Area
CO2 Emissions Reduction
Yearly Tons of CO2 for per 100m2
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
SolarWall PV Panels PV Panels PV/T PV/T (30º
(Vertical) (Vertical) (30º Tilt) (Vertical) Tilt)
Solar Technology, Tilt Angle
Conserval Engineering Inc.

30. PV/T Mounting Options
Conserval Engineering Inc.

31. Advantages of PV/T Racking
• SolarDuct replaces PV racking system
• Enclosed back on SolarDuct unit
prevents wind uplift typical with
exposed rack mounted PV
• Closed back means less ballast and/or
steeper angle for PV array
• Increased angle of SolarDuct increases
PV output
Conserval Engineering Inc.

32. Solar Thermal PV Installations
Chewonki Foundation Center for Environmental Education, Maine
Beeler residence, California
Conserval Engineering Inc.

33. Concordia University, Montreal
25 kW PV, 75 kW thermal
Conserval Engineering Inc.

34. Beijing Olympic Residence
PV/T - 10 kW PV, 30 kW thermal
Conserval Engineering Inc.

35. Benefits of PV/T
• PV modules produce 150% to 400% more thermal
energy than electrical energy – why not use it
• With SolarWall® panels “inside” combined solar
efficiency can exceed 50%
• SolarDuct cools PV modules increasing output
• PV Thermal maximizes income potential for roof
• Electric and thermal energy in one footprint solves
problem of which solar technology to use
Conserval Engineering Inc.

36. Solar Cogeneration
• Ontario buildings are heated and use electricity
• Get both solar electric and solar heat from the
same surface
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Conserval Engineering Inc.

37. Conserval Engineering Inc.
200 Wildcat Rd.
Toronto, ON M3J 2N5
Tel: 416.661.7057
Email: info@solarwall.com
www.solarwall.com
www.OntarioPV.com
Conserval Engineering Inc.