This document discusses different training methods: roleplay, brainstorming, and lecture. It provides details on how to conduct roleplay, including identifying a situation, adding details, assigning roles, acting out scenarios, and discussing lessons learned. Brainstorming techniques are explained like freewriting, nominal group technique, and individual brainstorming. The advantages of both roleplay and brainstorming are covered. Finally, the document defines lecture method, describes types of lectures, their purposes, and advantages and disadvantages.

2. Methods of training:
Roleplay, brainstorming and
lecture
By,
Poornima. C.P.
2017-21-001
Ph.D Agricultural Extension

3. Role Play

4. Role-playing is assuming a role and
being someone else for a period of time.
It is used in the business setting for training,
therapy sessions and also by people playing
role-playing games.
Role play is based on the principle of learning
by doing.

5. Role play
THE LEARNING PYRAMID

6. How to use role playing?
• Step 1: Identify the Situation
– To start the process, gather people together, introduce the
problem, and encourage an open discussion to uncover all
of the relevant issues.
– This will help people to start thinking about the problem
before the role-play begins.

7. • Step 2: Add Details
– Next, set up a role-playing scenario in enough
detail for it to feel "real."
– Make sure that everyone is clear about the
problem that you're trying to work through,
and that they know what you want to achieve
by the endof the session.

8. Step 3: Assign Roles
‒ Once you've set the scene, identify the various fictional
characters involved in the scenario. Some of these may be people
who have to deal with the situation when it actually happens..
‒ Once you've identified these roles, allocate them to the people
involved in your role-play exercise; they should use their
imagination to put themselves inside the minds of the people
that they're representing. This involves trying to understand
their perspectives, goals, motivations, and feelings when they
enter the situation

9. Step 4: ActOut the Scenario
– Each person can then assume their role, and act out the
situation, trying different approaches where necessary.
– It can be useful if the scenarios build up in intensity and
through a series of scenarios, could become increasingly
hostile and difficult. You could then test and practice
different approaches for handling situations, so that you
can give participants experience in handling them.

10. • Step 5: Discuss What YouHave Learned
‒ When you finish the role-play, discuss what you've learned,
so that you or the people involved can learn from the
experience.
‒ Forexample, if you're using role-play as part of a training
exercise, you could lead a discussion on the scenarios you
have explored, and ask for written summaries of
observations and conclusions from everyone who was
involved.

11. ADVANTAGES OF ROLE PLAY
• It is an energizing activity and fun to do.
• It allows participants to contribute actively (even the quieter ones).
• Experiential learning is more powerful than instructions.
• It delivers complex concepts in a simple manner. It requires little preparation for
the teacher/facilitator.
• Participants may be too shy and reluctant.
• It can seem threatening to some.
• Participants may get too involved and lose objectivity.
• Participants can overact and show off.
• Observers may not show interest.
• Observers may take ‘sides’ based on their preconceptions.
DISADVANTAGES OF ROLE PLAY

12. Brain storming

13. What is brainstorming?
– Brainstorming is a means of generating ideas.
– Brainstorming can be used to identify
alternatives, obtain a complete list of items and to
solve problems.
– There are a variety of brainstorming techniques.
– The common principle of brainstorming is to set
aside the restrictive thinking processes so that
many ideas can be generated.

14. When to use brainstorming?
– Developing the solution definition, particularly in
identifying alternative solutions.
– Identifying all potential risks on a project.
– Developing the Work Breakdown Structure
(identifying all the deliverables and work items).
– Dealing with difficult problems that arise during the
course of the project.

15. Why use brainstorming techniques?
Brainstorming can:
– Break through traditional thinking about a problem.
– Generate new ways of thinking.
– Provide an environment for building on new ideas.
– Reduce the tendency to prematurely discard new
ideas.
– Facilitate team building.
– Encourage team problem solving.

16. Rules
There are four basic rules in brainstorming.
1)Focus on quantity:If lots of ideas are generated it will be easy to
produce a radical and effective solution.
2)Reserve criticism:Don’t comment on any ideas.First accept all,at a
later stage judge.
3)Welcome unusual ideas:To get a good and long list of ideas,unusual
ideas are welcomed.
4)Combine and improve ideas:Good ideas may be combined to form a
single better idea

17. A brainstorming technique
• Present the problem or opportunity for which brainstorming
is being applied
• Allocate 3-5 minutes to write on the post-it notes as many
ideas as possible – one idea per note
• Each person quickly writes their thoughts onto the post-it
notes regardless of how impractical, outrageous, extreme,
crazy they may be (do not filter the ideas)

18. Summary and future action
• Write up a summary of each type of idea/solution
presented.
• Determine an action plan for working through the ideas.
• The action plan may be to test or further research the
alternatives identified to select a shortlist of the most
suitable solutions for further evaluation.

19. Technıques
1) FREEWRITING
When you freewrite,you write down whatever comes into
your mind.You don’t judge the quality of writing and don’t
worry about style,spelling,grammar or punctuation.When you
have finished your writing and have reached your goal,read
back over the text,decide the solution.
2) NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE
Participants are asked to write their ideas anonymously.Then the
moderator collects the ideas and each is voted on by the group.The
best idea is chosen.

20. 3) GROUP PASSING TECHNIQUE
Each person in a circular group writes down one idea,and then
passes the piece of paper to the next person in a clockwise
direction,who adds some thoughts.This continues until
everybody gets his or her original piece of paper back.By this
time,participants will have examined each idea in detail.
4)TEAM IDEA MAPPING METHOD
This technique may improve collaboration and increase the quantity
of ideas,and is designed so that all attendees participate and no
ideas are rejected.
The process begins with a well-defined topic.Each participant
brainstorms individually,then all the ideas are merged onto one
large idea map.

21. 5)INDIVIDUAL BRAINSTORMING
It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking,
word association,and drawing a mind map,which people diagram their
thoughts.
Individual brainstorming is useful method in creative wiriting.
6)QUESTION BRAINSTORMING
This process involves brainstorming the questions,rather than
trying to come up with immediate answers and short term
solutions.
Questions are important in that tecnique.We need a list of
questions to reach to the best solution in an orderly way.

22. ADVANTAGES
* Many ideas can be generated in a short time.
* Requires few material resources.
* The results can be used immediately or for possible use in
other projects.
* Is a “democratic” way of generating ideas.
* The concept of brainstorming is easy to understand.

23. DISADVANTAGES
* Requires an experienced and sensitive faciliator who
understands the social psychology of small groups.
* Requires a dedication to quantity rather than quality.

24. Lecture method

25.  Lecture is a teaching method consist of
explanation of facts, principles which the
teacher wishes the class to understand.
 Teacher talks more or less continuously to
class.
 The class listen takes notes.
 It is a great art.

26.  Oxford Dictionary : Lecture method is talk
giving specified information to class or long
serious speech.
 A lecture is an oral presentation intended to
present information or teach people about a
particular subject.

27. Types of Lecture
Traditional oral essay
The teacher is an orator and the only speaker.
Participatory Lecture
Begins with learners brainstorming ideas on the lecture topic on
what they have read in preparation.
Feedback Lecture
• Consists with mini lectures with 10-minute small group
discussion.
• opportunity to manipulate the lecture content.
Mediated Lecture
• Use of media such as films, slides, Web-based images etc.

28. Purposesof Lecturing
• Lectures can be an efficient means of introducing learners a new
topic.
• It helps to clarify the concept
• It can be used to stimulate students’ interest in a subject .
• It can also be used to inspire people.
• To integrate and synthesize a large body of knowledge.
• To update the knowledge
• It is an appropriate method making available for large group.

29. Advantages of the Lecture Method
It is economical in terms of student time.
A great deal of information can be communicated in a
short time
The lecturer can supplement a textbook by enhancing a
topic and making it come to life.
The teacher serves as a role model for students.
Lectures bring enjoyment to the learners.
It helps students develop their listening skills.

30. Disadvantages of the Lecture Method
 It lends itself to the teaching of the facts while
placing little emphasis on problem solving,
decision making, analytical thinking, or transfer of
learning.
 Lecturing is not conducive to meeting students’
individual needs.
 Lecturing brings with it the problem of
limited attention span on the part of the
learners.

31. Thank you