Sra. Sarah Martens. Àrea educació i mobilitat. Mobiel 21 Es presentaran un recull dels anomenats modes suaus per influir en el comportament de viatge, no implica grans pressupostos com grans projectes d'infraestructures de transport. En temps de crisi, les petites inversions sobre la gestió de la mobilitat sovint són les primeres en ser rebutjades. No obstant això, les mesures de gestió de la mobilitat que han demostrat ser altament cost-eficients i eficaces en el canvi del comportament. Diversos estudis també han calculat els enormes beneficis econòmics d'aquest canvi de comportament.

1. Shifting the balance
The impact of mobility management on the economy
10th AMTU’s conference - Sabadell

2.  Impact of MM on modal shift
 Impact of modal shift on the economy
 The importance of evaluation
In this presentation

4.  Research methodology?
 Interaction between measures
 Context
 Percentage (%) - Percentage points (pp)
Limitations

5. 1. Impact of mobility management
on modal shift

6.  Evaluation of 1,200+ company travel
plans
- Average reduction in car use -7pp
- Up to -34 pp
Company travel plans - France

7.  Federal diagnostic of the
commute
 Mandatory survey for companies
with 100+ employees
 Every 3 years
 2005 – 2008 – 2011
 1/3 of Belgian workers
Company travel plans
Belgium

8.  2008: Mobility coordinator is most
effective measure
Company travel plans - Belgium
Without coordinator:
+15 pp solo car use

9.  Evolution of solo car use in companies with
a mobility coordinator from 2005 to 2008:
- Average reduction of 3.5 pp
- Up to -48pp (Smals-MVM in Charleroi)
 Importance of supporting measures:
- Parking fee: car use -5.1 pp (2005-2011)
- Company move: car use -5.5 pp
- Financial support from Region or municipality: -
10.7 pp
Company travel plans - Belgium

10. Measure
(2008)
Cycling in
companies
with the
measure
Cycling in
companies
without the
measure
Company
bicycles
16% 8%
Covered
bicycle sheds
10% 6%
Bicycle
maintenance
15% 10%
Company travel plans - Belgium

11. Cycling evolution from 2005 to 2011:
 Bicycles available for the commute:
+2.6 pp
 Rain clothing available:
+3.6 pp
 Abolishing all cycling measures:
-1.1 pp
(as opposed to 1pp increase in
companies that never took
measures)
Company travel plans
Belgium

12. Measure
(2008)
PT use with the
measure
PT use without
the measure
Free public
transport
Train: 17.5%
TMB*: 9%
Train: 7.5%
TMB: 5%
Information
on public
transport
Train: 15%
TMB: 9%
Train: 9%
TMB: 5.5%
Company travel plans - Belgium
 Only 1 out of 4 companies located within 1 km
of the station spreads information on trains
* TMB = Tram Metro Bus

13. Measure
(2008)
Carpooling with
the measure
Carpooling
without the
measure
Carpooling
organised by
company
9% 3%
Carpooling
organised with
guaranteed
ride home
14.5% 3.5%
Company travel plans - Belgium
2011: abolishing all carpool measures: -2.4 pp

14.  Home to work distance halved
to equal national average
 Solo car use 12% less than national
average
 Walking: 2x national average
Workhubs - UK

15.  OBIS: BS replaces car transport by
4% (Berlin) to 77% (Senigallia)
 Paris: 20% use the car less often
Cycling share increased by 70%
 London: ¾ of users encouraged to
start cycling (more) in the city
Bike sharing

16.  A shared car replaces 4-8 private cars
and 36 to 84 m2 of parking space
 Bremen : 6,200+ users = ~1,500 cars less
= €25 to 40 million of underground parking
 UK: car sharers drive 8,000 kilometres less
than car owners per year
Car sharing

17.  Green-Schools Programme
 85% of Irish schools (3,551)
 Solo car use -27%
School travel plans - Ireland

18. 14 pp increase during
8 pp increase after
CONNECT
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
the Netherlands, Slovenia, UK

19. hausse de 12 pts pendant
hausse de 8 pts après
CONNECT

20.  Personalised advice reduces car
kilometres by 2 to 11%
 60% of participants in adult cycle
training go on to increase their levels
of cycling
 17-41% walk more for every-day
journeys when they are motivated to
walk for leisure
 More data: ‘Soft measures – hard facts’
(UK)
Individualised mobility advice and
training - UK

21. 2. Impact of modal shift on the economy

22. Hidden costs of car traffic
 Congestion : 200 billion euros in Europe
 Physical inactivity: 150-300 € /inhabitant /year
 Accidents: 2.5 - 3 % of GNP
 Parking: housing costs + 20%
 Social costs
 Walking and cycling boost local economy
 Car ownership, road infrastructure, emissions…

23.  EU: € 373,284 mio per year
Source: TUD – The true costs of Automobility
External costs of car use

24.  On average €190 per houshold per year
 Appr. €600 per car-commuting household
 Up to €1,157 (London)
Congestion costs to households
UK, France, Germany
Country-wide loss to
households
UK France Germany
Direct (fuel and loss
of time)
€ 3,620 M € 3,883 M € 5,647 M
Indirect
(higher costs of
goods and services)
€ 1,320 M € 1,674 M € 2,183 M
Total € 4,940 M € 5,557 M € 7,830 M
Source: The economic costs of gridlock (Cebr) – data from 2011

25.  Creating a working space costs
- 9,000 per year (Netherlands)
- 15,000 per year per fte
(Switzerland)
 Now: 8.41 desks per 10 knowledge
workers
 By 2020: 6.11
 Savings amount to 8.2 billion euros
The new way of working
the Netherlands

26.  Denmark: cycling benefits = € 40 million in healthcare
costs per year
 ECF: External costs of car use:
€ 0,05 – 0,06 per passenger-km
 Health benefits of cycling: € 0,30 – 1,19 /km
Health

27.  Technology & efficiency:
1/3 of EU target
 Achieving Denmark’s
cycling levels throughout
Europe: up to 26% of
target
 E-bikes substitute for car
for 39% of trips
Source: ECF
Modal shift is necesseray to reach EU
emissions targets

28.  UK:
Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)
of 2:1 or more
= high value for money
Cost-Benefit Analysis

29.  Company TP in Australia  30:1
 Area TP in the UK:
- on average 4:1
- up to 13:1
Example: travel plans

30. More priority to MM in
transport policy:
 Traffic reduction of 11 %
 Reduction in urban peak
traffic of 21%
 BCR 10:1
UK
Smarter Choices study (2005)
Making
Smarter
Choices
Work

31. 3. The importance of evaluation

32. MaxSem:
 Pre-contemplation
 Contemplation
 Preparation/action
 Maintenance
Stages of behaviour change
pre-
contemplation
contemplation
preparation
/action
maintenance

33. MaxSumo:
 Services provided
 Mobility options offered
 Overall effect on attitudes,
behaviour and society
Evaluation on multiple
levels
Assessment Levels
Background
Y External factors
P Person-related factors
Servicesprovided
A Project activities and output
B
Awareness of mobility services
provided
C
Usage of mobility services
provided
D
Satisfaction with mobility
services provided
Mobilityoption
offered
E
Acceptance of mobility option
offered
F
Take up of mobility option
offered
G
Satisfaction with the mobility
option offered
Overall
effects
H
Long-term attitudes and
behaviour
I System impacts

34.  UK: Travelling to School Initiative (2003-2010)
Control group

35.  Modal split of all European cities over
100,000 inhabitants
TEMS – Modal split database

36. 268 cities > 100,000
54 cities < 100,000

38. Join us!
 National SUMP-network
 Customised support for your SUMP
 More information:
- Grupo de Estudios y Alternativas 21, S.L.
- Miguel Mateos Arribas
- +34 915 329 660
- mmateos@gea21.com

39. Sarah Martens
Mobiel 21 – Belgium
+32 16 31 77 01
Sarah.martens@mobiel21.be
Thank you for your attention!