Madhyamik Physical Science Chapter 1 Concern About Our Environment is discussed in this article.

1.     
Menu
Madhyamik, WBBSE, WBCHSE, CBSE, IGNOU
RAMADAN TUTORIAL
Menu 
Home  class 10 physical science  Concern about our environment  madhyamik physical science
 CONCERN ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT
 class 10 physical science, Concern about our environment, madhyamik physical science,
CONCERN ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT
     
Share This:
CONCERN ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT
Structure of the atmosphere
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

2. The atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that shelters all lives on the earth.
The atmosphere has five different layers that are determined by the changes in temperature that
happens with increasing altitude.
1.Troposphere: Living at the surface of the earth, we are usually only aware of the events
happening in the lowest layer, the troposphere. It contains most of our weather clouds, rain, snow.
In this part of the atmosphere, the temperature gets colder as the distance from the earth's surface
increases. The top of the troposphere is called the tropopause. This is lowest at the poles, where it
is about 5 km above the earth's surface. It is the highest (about 16 km) near the equator.
2.Stratosphere: This extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km where jet aircraft fly.
It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. The increase in temperature with height occurs
because of the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun by this ozone.
3. Mesosphere: The region above the stratosphere is called the mesosphere. Here the
temperature again decreases with height, reaching a minimum of about ­90°C at the
"mesopause".
4.Thermosphere and ionosphere: The thermosphere lies above the mesopause and is a region
in which temperature again increases with height. This temperature increase is caused by the
absorption of energetic ultraviolet and X­ray radiation from the sun. Thermosphere also includes
the region called the ionosphere. It is a region of the atmosphere that is filled with charged
particles. The high temperature in the thermosphere
can cause molecules to ionize. The temperature in the ionosphere just keeps getting hotter as you
go up.
5. Exosphere: The region above about 500 km is called the exosphere. It contains mainly oxygen
and hydrogen atoms. This is the region where atoms and molecules escape
into space.
Causes of ozone depletion:
OZONE LAYER
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

3. Causes of ozone depletion:
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are commonly used as coolants in refrigerators and air­conditioners,
in blowing plastic foams, and in spray cans. But during the last decade, these were found to be
responsible for ozone depletion in the stratosphere. It has been established that one molecule of
CFC can destroy one lakh O3 molecules in the stratosphere.
The extreme chemical stability and non­toxicity of CFCs enable them to persist for years
in the atmosphere. In the stratosphere, CFCs are subjected to photochemical dissociation
by intense UV radiation which results in the generation of Cl radicals. One Cl radical can
destroy one lakh O3 molecules in the following way­
Clꞏ+03→C10ꞏ+02
C1Oꞏ+ClOꞏ+M→(ClO)2+M
（＇M'represents another molecule
（ClO)2+E→Clꞏ+C10Oꞏ
which remains unchanged)
C1OOꞏ+M→Clꞏ+O,+M (E= energy)
Clꞏ+O3→C1Oꞏ+02
Net reaction:203+hv→302
Over the past few years, the atmospheric concentration of nitrous oxide has recorded
a consistent increase due to the large scale combustion of fossil fuels and enhanced use of
nitrogenous fertilizers. Nitrous oxide, as well as other oxides of nitrogen, are also emitted
by supersonic transport aircraft.
In the stratosphere, nitrous oxide is photochemically converted into more reactive nitric oxide.
（N2O+E→NO+N)
This nitric oxide formed then undergoes the following chain reactions
NO+O3→NO2+O2
O3+hv→O2+O
NO2+0→NO+O 2
Net reaction:203+hv→3 O 2
Harmful effects of ozone depletion:
① Human Health: UV radiations are sufficiently energetic to break apart important
biological molecules.
（a) Skin: Exposure to UV radiation causes the connective tissue of the skin to damage.
Thus skin becomes wrinkled and loses its elasticity. If the exposure continues, the
skin becomes coarsely furrowed and lumpy. Besides, it has been estimated that 1%
the decline in the ozone layer could lead to a 4­6% increase in the probability of skin cancer.
（b) Eyes: UV radiation can damage the lens of the eye. Cataract, even blindness can result.
② Leaves of the plant will be discolored as photosynthesis will be affected.
③ Marine organisms will be destroyed.
④ Agricultural productivity will be reduced.
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

4. The glass roof of a greenhouse is permeable to radiations from the sun. Once inside
the greenhouse, the radiations strike a surface and are transformed into heat. The glass on the
roof of the greenhouse impedes the heat from passing out. Since much heat is trapped, the inside
of a greenhouse is warmer than the outside. Like glass, a few gases­mainly carbon dioxides, but
also methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, water vapor, and chlorofluorocarbons allow the sun's radiation
to pass through and strike the surface of the earth. But like the glass roof of a greenhouse, these
gases create a canopy to prevent the resulting heat from escaping. The net result is the warming
up of the earth's atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon in which solar radiation of shorter wavelength
(frequencies of visible light) largely passes through the atmosphere but the heat energy
of longer wavelength(lower frequencies of infrared ray) emitted by the surface is absorbed
by the gases like CO,, CHa, water vapor, etc., and reflected back to the earth in all
directions, causing warming of the atmosphere. It is to be noted, the wavelength of
visible light → 400­700 nm, IR ray→700­1000 nm The primary greenhouse gases in the earth's
atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Oxygen and
Nitrogen are not greenhouse gases.
The main sources of greenhouse gases due to human activities are:
① A number of factories all over the world burn immense quantities of coal, oil, and natural gases
and produce a huge quantity of carbon dioxide.
② Power stations based on fossil fuels are major sources of man­made carbon dioxide.
③ A large fleet of automobiles, railways, aircraft, etc. use an immense quantity of diesel and petrol
releasing a huge amount of carbon dioxide every year.
④ Burning of firewoods and deforestation are the major sources for the production of carbon
Greenhouse effect and global warming
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

5. ④ Burning of firewoods and deforestation are the major sources for the production of carbon
dioxide.
⑤ Chlorofluorocarbons are released from coolants.
Consequences of the greenhouse effect:
Climatic Changes:
① Due to global warming, the oceans get warm up and sea levels would rise flooding low­lying
regions.
② In temperate regions, the winter will be shorter and warmer but the summer will be longer and
hotter.
③ There will be an enormous increase in rainfall but the problems of desertification, drought, and
soil erosion will further worsen.
④ The tropics may become wetter but the subtropics, which are already dry, are expected to be
drier.
Other Changes :
① Melting of ice­caps will be found over polar regions.
②Due to the greenhouse effect and much warmer tropical oceans, there may occur more
cyclones, and hurricanes and snow­melting mountains will cause more floods during monsoon.
③ A rise in atmospheric temperature will increase the evaporation of seawater increasing the
humidity.
Measures to control the greenhouse effect:
① To reduce the consumption of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum.
② To depend more on non­conventional renewable sources of energy such as wind, solar, biogas,
etc.
③ There should be a restriction on the emission of CO2 and CFCs from factories and
automobiles.
Harnessing energy resources for sustainable development
A natural resource is anything that people can use which comes from nature. People do not make
natural resources but gather them from the earth. Examples of natural resources are air, water,
wood, oil, wind energy, hydroelectric energy, iron, and coal.
The calorific value of fuel: The energy contained in fuel or food is determined by
measuring the heat produced by the complete combustion of a specified quantity of it.
The amount of heat released by a unit weight or unit volume of fuel during its complete
combustion is called its calorific value.
Unit: It is generally expressed in joules per kilogram (J/kg).
Conservation of resources:
Conservation refers to reducing the rate at which
resources are used. Conservation is one of the biological principles of sustainability.
A concept of conservation plans to achieve a balance between production and protection
and is against any unplanned development that flouts ecological principles.
Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Alternative sources of energy:
Solar Energy :
Rational Use of Energy
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

6. Man has been using solar energy purposefully for millennia. This Sun
is the source of most of our energies. Solar energy, being non­polluting and non­depletable
is considered as renewable energy and thus fits into the principle of sustainability. Only
0.2 to 0.5% of the solar energy reaching the earth is trapped by photosynthesis. Thus only
a small percentage of the solar energy reaching the earth could sustainably supply all the
energy needs of human societies.
Some solar devices:
Solar Cooker :
In a solar cooker, sunlight is converted to heat energy that is retained
for cooking. Dark surfaces get very hot in sunlight whereas light surfaces do not. Food
cooks best in dark, shallow, thin metal pots with dark, tight­fitting lids to hold in heat and
moisture. This occurs in much the same way that a greenhouse retains heat or a car with
its windows rolled up.
Solar cells:
Solar power is produced by collecting sunlight and converting it into
electricity. This is done by using solar panels, which are large flat panels made up of many
individual solar cells. It is most often used in remote locations, although it has become
popular in urban areas as well.
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

7. The disadvantages of solar energy are :
① It is available only during the daytime,
② It is not available in cloudy weather.
Wind Power :
Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or
electrical power. Windmills are used for their mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping,
and sails to propel ships. But a large number of wind generators covers a large area for the
production of a comparatively low amount of electric power. When the wind does not blow, wind
generators remain dead.
Tidal Power :
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

8. The tides move a massive amount of water and the energy from
the moving water, known as tidal energy, can be captured and converted into electricity.
Advantages :
① Other forms of renewable energy, such as wind and solar energy are dependent on random
weather patterns. But tidal energy is based on the rise and fall of tides, which is more uniform and
reliable.
② It does not release greenhouse gases or other pollutants into the air.
Disadvantages:
① Tidal energy development is hampered by high upfront costs. There are also limited suitable
locations for tidal energy.
⑦ The energy which is obtained from the strong currents of water produced by the rise
and the fall of sea level due to tidal action is called tidal energy.
Geothermal Energy:
Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the earth. Resources of this energy
range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the earth's
surface and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
This geothermal energy can be used for space heating or for boiling water and generate steam to
drive turbogenerators. The energy which is generated by utilizing the heat of the earth's interior is
called geothermal energy.
Biomass energy and biogas:
The term "biomass" refers to organic matter that has stored energy through the process of
photosynthesis. These fuels, however, do not produce much heat on burning and a lot of smoke is
given out when they are burnt. Therefore, technological improvement is necessary to improve the
efficiency of these fuels. Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the
biochemical decomposition of organic matter such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste,
plant material, sewage, green waste, or food waste in absence of air. Since it is mainly produced
from cow­dung(gobar), it is popularly known as gobar­gas.
Biogas is an excellent fuel as it contains a high percentage of methane.
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

9. Author Image
Biogas is an excellent fuel as it contains a high percentage of methane.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is biogas that has been compressed and can be used as a
fuel for vehicles.
Electricity from waste :
Scientists are developing new ways to recycle waste by generating electricity from landfill waste.
Coalbed methane (CBM):
Coalbed methane (CBM), coalbed gas, coal­mine methane (CMM) are the forms of natural gas
that is stored ('"adsorbed”） in deeply buried coal seams. In recent decades it has become an
important source of energy. CBM is generated either from a biological process as a result of
microbial action or from a thermal process as a result of increasing heat with the depth of the coal.
Methane hydrates: Methane hydrates are white, ice­like solids inside of which are trapped
molecules of methane. Here the methane molecules are enclosed in microscopic cages composed
of water molecules. If methane hydrate is either warmed or depressurized, it will revert back to
water and natural gas. When brought to the earth's surface, one cubic meter of gas hydrate
releases 164 cubic meters of natural gas.
Tags # class 10 physical science # Concern about our environment # madhyamik physical
science
About Ramadan Tutorial
RAMADAN TUTORIAL is Created to bring a revolutionary change in
Education For the students of West Bengal board as well as other Boards
like CBSE and ICSE.
We provide, not just education but a complete package of knowledge-
based education...
Visit our o몭cial website Ramadan Tutorial . Com
We bring out the full potential of students by providing them better education that they could
achieve their goals....
We make students' future-ready.
Ramadan Tutorial
Your door to the future...
     
Share This:
RECOMMENDED ARTICLES
Periodic table and periodicity of the elements:ABTA 2020-21 Suggestion (ENGLISH
TRANSLATION) Today we are solving important questions for&n...
ABTA 2020­21 SUGGESTION PERIODIC TABLE AND PERIODICITY OF
THE ELEMENTS
Madhyamik 2017 Mathematics question paper with answersWEST BENGAL BOARD
MADHYAMIK Mathematics (Class 10) Question PapersORIGINAL QUESTION ...
Madhyamik 2017 Physical Science question paper with answers
CURRENT ELECTRICITY WORKSHEET MADHYAMIK PHYSICAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 6
CURRENT ELECTRICITY WORKSHEET
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

10. Newer Post Older Post
MCQ Question Paper (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ...
8.3 Electric current and chemical reaction ( Electrolysis )Madhyamik Physical
Science Chapter 8.3 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).pu...
Electric current and chemical reaction Practice Test
BLOGGER
Enter your comment...
Comment as: Google Account
Publish
Preview
NO COMMENTS: 
Social
 230,000  230,000
 230,000  230,000
 230,000  230,000
 230,000  230,000
COMMENTS POPULAR RECENT
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

11. "please make an app for us"
"thanks sir"
"thank you sir"
"tq for the note sir ὠ"
"thnk u so mch srὠ"
Anonymous
Anonymous
Anonymous
Anonymous
Anonymous
November (13)
Archive
ABTA 2020-21 SUGGESTIO
ABTA 2020-21 SUGGESTION
BEHAVIOR OF GAS
BEHAVIOR OF GAS PRACTICE TEST
CHAPTER 3 CHEMICAL
CALCULATION
CLASS 10 LIFE SCIENCE
CLASS 10 MATH
CLASS 10 PHYSICAL SCIENCE
CLASS12 MATH
CONCERN ABOUT OUR
ENVIRONMENT
CONTROL AND COORDINATION
DAILY ROUTINE FOR MADHYAMIK
2021 CANDIDATES
Tags
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

12. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS NOTES
CLASS 12 WBCHSE
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND CHEMICAL
REACTION
ELECTROLYSIS
HEREDITY AND COMMON GENETIC
DISEASES
HOW TO SOLVE SURDS
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR
MADHYAMIK
INTRODUCTION OF QUADRATIC
SURDS
IONIC AND COVALENT BOND
LIFE SCIENCE
LIGHT MADHYAMIK PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
MADHYAMIK 2020 GEOGRAPHY
QUESTION PAPER WITH ANSWERS
MADHYAMIK 2020 PHYSICAL
SCIECNE QUESTION PAPER WITH
ANSWERS
MADHYAMIK LIFE SCIENCE
MADHYAMIK MATH
MADHYAMIK MATH. GANIT PRAKASH
MADHYAMIK MOCK TEST SERIES
MADHYAMIK PHYSICAL SCIENCE
MADHYAMIK PHYSICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER 6
MADHYAMIK PHYSICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER 8.1
MADHYAMIK PHYSICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER 8.3
MADHYAMIK PREVIOUS YEAR
MADHYAMIK PREVIOUS YEAR
QUESTION PAPER
MADHYAMIK PREVIOUS YEAR
QUESTION PAPER 2020
MADHYAMIK QUESTION PAPER
MADHYAMIK REDUCED SYLLABUS
MADHYAMIK RESULT 2020 -
RESULTS DATE ANNOUNCEMENT
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

13. RESULTS DATE ANNOUNCEMENT
MADHYAMIK TEST SERIES
MADHYAMIK-PREVIOUS-YEAR-
QUESTION-PAPER
METALLURGY
NEW MADHYAMIK 2021 SYLLABUS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2017 WITH
ANSWERS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2019 WITH
ANSWERS
PRACTICE TEST MADHYAMIK
PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2021
PREVIOUS YEAR MADHYAMIK
QUESTION PAPER MP 2017 SOLVE
CHAPTER 3 CHEMICAL
CALCULATION. PREVIOUS YEAR
MADHYAMIK QUESTION PAPER MP
2017 SOLVE
QUADRATIC SURD CLASS 10
QUADRATIC SURD CLASS 10
CHAPTER 9
QUADRATIC SURD CLASS 10 WBBSE
SOLUTION
QUADRATIC SURD EXAMPLE
QUADRATIC SURDS PDF
QUADRATIC SURDS QUESTIONS
QUADRATIC SURDS WORKSHEET
SURD PROBLEMS SURDS CLASS 10
WBBSE CASS 10 MATH
WBBSE MADHYAMIK QUESTION
PAPER 2020 FREE DOWNLOAD
WBBSE MATH WBCHSE MATH
Best time table pr…
Subscribe Us
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

14. Hindi Website
O몭cial Website
Top Sites
HINDI WEBSITE
_WBBSE
_CLASS 9
__CLASS 10
Menu
Report Abuse
Details
Madhyamik 2021 Result Formula Explained in
this video. 0:00 Intro 0:33 What is the
Formula 1:40 Explanation with Example
Madhyamik 2021 Result Formula
Explained By Ramadan Tutorial
Name
Email *
Subscribe
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

15. Message *
Send
Followers (4)
Follow
Followers
Details
Best time table pr…
Facebook Page
Pages
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

16. Home
Madhyamik
WEBSITE
Youtube
Facebook
SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS
About Us
Contact Us




F O L L O W O N T W I T T E R
L I K E O N F A C E B O O K
S U B S C R I B E O N Y O U T U B E
F O L L O W O N I N S T A G R A M
Blogroll
madhyamik reduced syllabus, new
madhyamik 2021 syllabus
Important questions for
Madhyamik physical science
concern about our environment
ABTA 2020-21
SUGGESTION: IONIC
AND COVALENT BOND
Popular Posts
Enter your email address to subscribe
to this blog and receive noti몭cations
of new posts by email.
Newsletter
Email address...
SUBMIT
Contact Form
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M

17. Created by SoraTemplates | Distributed By Blogger Themes
Name
Email *
Message *
Send
   
R
AM
AD
AN
TU
TO
R
IAL.C
O
M