2. Strategic Planning:
The strategic planning is the process of determining overall objectives of the
organisation and the policies and strategies adopted to achieve those
objective. It is conducted by the top management, which include chief
executive officer, president, vice-presidents, General Manger etc. It is a long
range planning and may cover a time period of up to 10 years.
It basically deals with the total assessment of the organisation’s capabilities, its
strengths and its weaknesses and an objective evaluation of the dynamic
environment. The planning also determines the direction the company will be
taking in achieving these goals.
3. Operational Planning:
Operational planning deals with only current activities. It
keeps the business running. These plans are the
responsibility of the lower management and are
conducted by unit supervisors, foremen etc. These are
short-range plans covering a time span from one week
to one year.
These are more specific and they determine how a
specific job is to be completed in the best possible way.
Most operational plans .ire divided into functional areas
4. Long-Term Planning:
Long-term planning usually converse a period of more
than five years, mostly between five and fifteen years. It
deals with broader technological and competitive
aspects of the organisation as well as allocation of
resources over a relatively long time period. Long-term
planning is considered as strategic planning.
Short-term planning covers the period of one year while
long term planning covers 5-15 years. In between there
may be medium-term plans. Usually, medium term plans
5. Short term Planning:
Short term planning is the planning which covers less
than two years. It must be formulated in a manner
consistent with long-term plans. It is considered as
tactical planning. Short-term plans are concerned with
immediate future; it takes into account the available
resources only and is concerned with the current
operations of the business.
These may include plans concerning inventory planning
and control, employee training, work methods etc.
6. Formal Planning:
Planning is formal when it is reduced to writing. When
the numbers of actions are large it is good to have a
formal plan since it will help adequate control.
The term formal means official and recognised. Any
planning can be done officially to be followed or
implemented. Formal planning is aims to determine and
objectives of planning. It is the action that determine in
advance what should be done.
7. Informal Planning:
An informal plan is one, which is not in writing, but it is
conceived in the mind of the manager. Informal planning
will be effective when the number of actions is less and
actions have to be taken in short period.
8. Standing Plan:
Standing plan is one, which is designed to be used over
and over again. Objectives, policies procedures,
methods, rules and strategies are included in standing
plans. Its nature is mechanical. It helps executives to
reduce their workload. Standing plan is also called
routine plan. Standing or routine plan is generally long
range.
9. Single Use Plan:
Single use plan is one, which sets a course of action for a
particular set of circumstances and is used up once the
particular goal is achieved. They may include programme,
budgets, projects and schedules. It is also called specific
planning. Single use plan is short range.
