Complete notes of matric class physics

1. Chapter 1
Introduction to Physics
(You can neither stop nor save the time but
can make every moment historical if you
know the value of time…!)
Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

2.  Definitions
1. Physics: - It is the branch of science that deals
with the study of matter and energy and their
mutual interactions between them.
OR “The scientific study of nature of the
nature is called Physics”
2. Energy: - The ability/capacity to do work is
called energy.
3. Work: - Work is said to be done on a body
when, by applying force it attains some
displacement.
4. Force: - It is the agency that changes or tries to
change the state of rest or motion of the body.
5. Mechanics: - Mechanics is the branch of
physics that deals with the bodies in rest or
motion under forces.
6. Fundamental quantity: - The quantity, which
cannot be resolved into more fundamental
quantities and other quantities are derived from
it.
7. Derived quantity: - Quantities, which are,
expressed as some combination of fundamental
quantities.
8. Proportional quantities: - Such these
quantities are dependent on each other; the
Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

3. change in one quantity causes the change in
another quantity.
9. Directly proportional quantities: - The
quantities in which increase in the amount of
one quantity results in the increase of other
quantity and the decrease in one quantity affects
the reduction in another quantity.
10. Inversely proportional quantities: - In such a
case the increase in the amount of one quantity
leads to the decrease of the other quantity and
vice versa.
11. Constant of proportionality: - When
proportionality sign is removed, the “=”sign is
applied only after putting a constant that is
determined experimentally and is called
constant of proportionality.
12. System of units: - A set of fundamental and
derived units is called a system of units
.
13. Mean solar day: - A mean solar day is the time
interval between two successive overhead
appearances of the sun.
14. Second: -Iit is the duration in which Cesium
CS
133
atom completes 9192631770transitions
between two hyperfine levels.
15. Ampere: - One ampere is the amount of
current, witch if maintained in two straight
conductors of infinite length and negligible area
of cross section and placed one meter apart in
Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

4. space would exert a force of 2*10-8
on each
other.
16. Meter: - It is the path/distance covered by light
or the object moving with the speed of light in
1/c seconds (c= 3*108
).
17. Kilogram: - One kilogram is the mass of the
platinium-irradium cylinder at 0 C kept at BIPM
near Paris.
18. Mole: - The gram atomic mass, gram molecular
mass or gram formula mass of any substance,
which contains 6.02*1023
particles
19. Kelvin: - It is 1/273. 16 of the thermodynamic
temperature of the triple point of water. (Triple
point is the temperature where all the three
states of water co-exist).
Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

5.  Multiple Choice Questions
1. Physics is the study of:
a) nature b) matter
c) energy d) A.O.T
2. The invention of microscope, laser and
ultrasound technologies are the blessings of:
a) Biology b) Physics
c) Chemistry d) A.O.T
3. In the field of science, the strong incentive
comes from no other book and no other
philosopher as it comes from the Holy Quran.
a) True b) False
4. Kitabul manazir, laws of reflection and the
invention of the pin hole camera were the
achievements of:
a) Al- Beruni b) Al- Razi
c) Ibne Sina d) Ibnal Haithm
5. Observation is always the first step of the
scientific method.
a) True b) False
6. The unavoidable errors due to the external
changing conditions of temperature, humidity
and voltage are called.
a) personal error b) systemic error
c) random error d) A.O.T
Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

6. 7. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan was awarded noble
prize
a) true b) false
8. Dr. Abdus Salam proposed grand unification
theory.
a) true b) false
9. Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan blessed Pakistan with
nuclear technology (atom bomb)
a) true b) false
 Questions 10 -15
• Select from the terms below:
A) Mechanics B) Astrophysics
C) Electromagnetism D) Plasma Physics
E) Solid State Physics F) Nuclear Physics
G) N.O.T
10. The study of electrical charges
11. The study of engines and motion of objects with
or without considering force acting on them
12. The study of light
13. The study of heavenly bodies(sun, moon, stars)
14. Atom is the building block of matter. It consists
of nucleus and shells. The statement comes from
15. The nucleus of carbon has six protons and six
neutrons. The statement comes from:
Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

7. Answer Key
1 D 2 B 3 A
4 D 5 A 6 C
7 B 8 A 9 A
10 G 11 A 12 G
13 B 14 G 15 F
Physics Def. & MCQs Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur