structure and function description of this two important organelles of the cell.

1. AP Biology
Mitochondrion and
Chloroplasts
The organelles for cell respiration and photosynthesis

2. Regents Biology
 Cells have 3 main jobs
 make energy
 need energy for all activities
 need to clean up waste produced
while making energy
 make proteins
 proteins do all the work in a cell,
so we need lots of them
 make more cells
 for growth
 to replace damaged or diseased cells
The Jobs of Cells
Our organelles
do all these
jobs!
ATP

3. Regents Biology
Cells need power!
 Making energy
 to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must…
 take in food & digest it
 take in oxygen (O2)
 make ATP: Adenosine three phosphate
 remove waste
 organelles that do this work…
 cell membrane
 lysosomes
 vacuoles & vesicles
 mitochondria
ATP

4. Regents Biology
 Mito = Mighty / Power
 The Power-House of the cell
 They break down food molecules so the
cell has the energy to live
 If a cell needs a lot of energy…it will have
more mitochondria 4
Mitochondria

5. Regents Biology
The Mitochondria structure has three main
parts:
OUTER MEMBRANE: covers the
mitochondria. Simple phospholipid
bilayer
Easy for molecules like ATP or
sugar to penetrate
Smooth
INNER MEMBRANE: folds many
times to increase the surface area
for chemical reactions. So…the
more space it has the more energy
it can create
Site of ATP production from
oxygen and sugar
Krebs/citric acid cycle

6. Regents Biology 6
MATRIX: a fluid
that has water
and proteins all
mixed together
(like a solution)
•The proteins
take the food
molecules in and
combine them
with Oxygen to
release the
energy

7. Regents Biology
 Function
 make ATP energy from cellular respiration
 sugar + O2 → ATP
 fuels the work of life
Mitochondria
in both animal &
plant cells
in both animal &
plant cells
ATP

8. Regents Biology
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2

9. Regents Biology 9
Chloroplast

10. Regents Biology 10
•the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic
cells
•disk-like structures
•composed of a single membrane
•surrounding a fluid containing stacks of
membranous disks
Chloroplast

11. Regents Biology 11
•SOLAR energy
radiated from the
sun is captured by
plants(chloroplast)
•Then it is
instantaneously
changed into
ELECTRICAL
energy
•Then packaged as
CHEMICAL energy
Chloroplast

12. Regents Biology 12
Chloroplast
•photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplast
Photosynthesis-
the process in which plant use
water, carbon dioxide, and
energy form the sun to make
food

13. Regents Biology
 Mitochondria
 make energy from sugar + O2
 cellular respiration
 sugar + O2 → ATP
 Chloroplasts
 make energy + sugar from sunlight
 photosynthesis
 sunlight + CO2 → ATP & sugar
 ATP = active energy
 sugar = stored energy
 build leaves & roots & fruit
out of the sugars
Plants make energy two ways!
ATP
sugar
ATP

14. Regents Biology
Mitochondria are in both cells!!
animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells
mitochondriamitochondria
chloroplastchloroplast

15. Regents Biology
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
cell wall
support
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals

16. Regents Biology
 The end! For today…..