2. Zoroastrian Beliefs
1. There is only One God, Mazda, and Zarathustra is
his prophet
2. Ahura Mazda is all good
3. Angra Mainyu is all evil
4. People are free to choose good & evil
4. Zoroastrian Ethics
1. Always tell the truth
2. Practice charity
3. Show unconditional
love
4. Do all things in
moderation
5. Befriend your enemies
6. Turn the Wicked toward
righteousness
7. Educate the ignorant
5. Birth and Death
• At Birth the spirit and soul separated
• After death, soul lingers 3 days
• Heaven judges the soul
6. After Death
• If worthy, reunited with spirit
• Cross the Chinvat Bridge
• Meet two dogs
• Welcome the just, chase away wicked
7. Paradise
• Meet Holy maiden Daena
• Lead soul across the bridge
• Meet Angel Rashnu, the righteous judge
12. Muslims in the World
• 1.8 billion Muslims as of 2015
• 24% of the world’s population
• 3.48 million Muslims in United States
• 20% live in Middle East
• 62% live in Asia-Paci
fi
c
• 10% of Europeans will be Muslim by 2050
Lipka, Michael. (9 Aug 2017). Muslims and Islam: Key Findings. Pew Research Center.
17. Islam in the United States
• 3,480,000 Muslims (Pew, 2017)
• 1,209 Mosques (www.allied-media.com/AM/)
• 56% immigrated after 2000
• 82% are US citizens
• 42% were US born
43. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
• Protects Dhimmis (non-Muslims)
• Prohibits rebuilding churches/synagogues
• Churches/Synagogues lower than mosques
• Dhimmis must pay Jizya
• Prohibits evangelism
• Prohibits public religious celebrations
44. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
• Prohibits public displays of crosses
• Prohibits loud sounds (ex. Call to worship)
• Prohibits stopping a conversion to Islam
• Prohibits imitating Muslims
• Requires Dhimmis rise in presence of Muslim
45. Pact of Omar (644 AD)
• Christians to wear blue belts or turbins
• Jews to wear yellow belts or hats
48. Islamic Contributions
• Math: Algebra, Geometry
• Science: Medicine, Astronomy
• Culture and Trade with the East
• Literature: Preservation of Greek
manuscripts including Bible
• Medicine: surgery, medicines
63. Rise of Modern Arab Nationalism
• Modernization in Islamic Countries
• Rise of Nationalism and Arab Moderates
• Rise of Oppressive Leadership
• Pushback from Religious Muslims
74. Adhan (Call to worship)
• Allahu akbar Allah is great
• Ashadu an la ilaha illa llah I bear witness there is no god but Allah
• Ashadu ‘Anna Muhmmadan rasulu illah I bear witness that Muhammad is Allah’s prophet
• Chayya ‘ala s-salah Hasten to prayer!
• Chayya ‘ala I-falah Hasten to salvation
• As-salatu khayrun mina n’nawa prayer is better than sleep
• Allahu ‘akbar Allah is great
• la ilaha illa llah. There is no god but Allah
78. Ramadan
• Sat., April 2 — Mon, May 2, 2022
• Fast, and Restraint (ex. No movies, dance, intimacy)
• Allah gave
fi
rst chapters of Quran to Muhammad in 610
85. Belief in One God
Allah, who is indivisible, incomparable
to men or women, not begotten, and
not a trinity
86. Belief in Angels
Angels are agents of God, created
from light, with no free will, who are not
to be venerated
87. Belief in the Prophets
God sent men & women prophets
including Abraham, Moses, Isa (Jesus),
and His last prophet, Muhammad.
88. Belief in Life after Death
All men & women will die, and rise
again in the resurrection after which
they will face judgement
89. Belief in the Scriptures
Allah revealed Himself in the Old
Testament, New Testament, and the
Quran. Only the Quran is the divine
Word of God that has not been
corrupted.
90. Belief in the Divine Decree
All things happen according to the Will
of Allah. Men and women’s duty is to
accept His will.
91. Beliefs of Islam
• One God who is indivisible and cannot be a man
• God’s prophets: Abraham, Moses, Isa (Jesus), Muhammad
• Old & New Testament, Quran, Hadith
• Paradise, Hell, and temporal place before judgement
• Satan, good and bad angels (Jinn)
• Judged by our deeds on earth
92. Beliefs of Islam
• Quran is the divine Word of Allah (given to Muhammad)
• Hadith: the oral traditions of Muhammad
• Shi’a believe divine authority of the Imam
• Will of Allah determines all that we do
94. End Times
• Signs of the End times: Immorality, crime, callousness
• Coming of the Mahdi (Guided One)
• Unite Muslims
• Isa will return & rule
• Satan will be killed
• Resurrection of the Dead
• Day of Judgement
95. Sacred Story
1. God called Abraham,
fi
rst monotheist
2. Ishmael, not Isaac, was Abraham’s Heir
3. Ishmael traveled to Mecca where Abraham built the Ka’aba
4. God sent prophets, all rejected
5. Gabriel appeared to Muhammad,
fi
nal prophet
6. Resurrection at the end of time and
fi
nal battle
7. Final judgement of the world
100. Quran
114 Surahs (Chapters)
Each chapter has Ayat (Verses)
Begins with Bismillah
“In the name of Allah”
Ordered in size, not chronology
101. 1. In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
2. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds -
3. The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,
4. Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.
5. It is You we worship and You we ask for help
6. Guide us to the straight path-
7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those
who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.
Quran 1:1–7
109. Sunni Islam
• 89 - 90% of Muslims
• Abu Bakr Siddique Caliph
• Await the Mahdi, true successor
• Imam is only a religious leader
• Followers do not need intermediary
110. Shi’a Islam
• 200 Million followers
• Iran, Iraq, Yemen, and Syria
• Ali ibn Talib was divine successor
• Imam religious & community leader
• Imam decides meaning of Quran
111. Ibadi Islam
• Oman
• Claims they pre-date Sunni & Shi’a
• God will not show himself Judgement day
• Do not need community leader a
112. Ahmadiyya Islam
• East Africa, Southeast Asia
• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835 - 1908)
• Ahmad was newest prophet
• Renewal movement
• Beliefs similar to Sunni
113. Su
fi
sm Islam
• Turkey, Iran, Greece, Balkans
• Follow Ali Ibn Talib (successor)
• Puri
fi
cation of the Inner Self
• Personal, mystical experience with Allah
• Cross-denominational movement
116. Cultural Values
• Patriarchal (women subservient roles)
• Collectivist (not individual)
• High uncertainty avoidance
117. Cultural Values
• Giving to charity
• Modesty and conservative dress
• Hospitality and generosity
• Respect religion and tradition
118. Sensitivities
• Israel and their occupation of the territories
• Palestinians and autonomy
• Dietary restrictions
• Social interaction of men with women
• Modest dress (especially women)
