The presentation gives on overview about steel in construction.

1. Steel & Construction

2. Content
The history of steel construction
Famous steel buildings
Why is steel such a good construction element?
What is steel in a building?
For what do we need steel in a building?
What types of steel used in construction?
What has construction to do with SBB?
- Prices
- Industry players
- SBB Articles

3. The history of steel construction
Building probably began with simple forms of construction
Prehistoric rock-shelter 17th century bark shelter

4. The history of steel construction
Construction materials and techniques developed from reeds and mud into
manufactured baked mud and burnt clay brick.

5. The history of steel construction
Late 1870s - First use of concrete reinforcing
The Industrial Revolution:
-Development of new materials, products and
Techniques
-New forms of energy generation and equipment
-Specialization and mass-production - the
hallmarks of the Industrial Revolution
Cast-iron structural frameworks with load-bearing
infill were being used in English mills and warehouses by the
turn of the 19th century.
The Crystal Palace (1851)

6. The history of steel construction
1883 - First steel frame building, Home Insurance, Chicago
- First iron-framed skyscraper
- 10 floors
- Destroyed in 1931
1886 - Rand McNally Building
- First all-steel frame building
- Burnham and Root Architects
- Built 1885-86
Commercial high-rise construction in the US, primarily in
Chicago.

7. The history of steel construction
1899 - Carson Pirie Scott Department Store
1906 - Ritz Hotel
First steel frame building in London!

8. The history of steel construction
1920s - 1930s International Style - Modernism
After Second World War, spread from high-rise commercial construction to almost all
industrialized buildings.
This form of building rapidly became the universal standard.
Architectural vision of architects such as Le Corbusier, Mies Van de Rohe,and the
Bauhaus School.
Movement “International Style”
- limited regard for site, climate, and
locality
- expectations for comfort, durability,
and utility rose

9. The history of steel construction
Empire State Building, New York
- Built in 1931
- 1250 ft (381m)
- 60,000 t steel (16%)
Tower 42 (NatWest Tower)
- Built in 1980, refurbished 1995
-600 ft (183m)
-30,000 t steel
100t rebar for each m height
13 km of stainless steel cladding

10. The history of steel construction
The Gherkin - Swiss Re Building
Build in 2004
Floors: 41
Height: 180m
Construction facts 10,000 tonnes steel (2,500t in frame)
24,000 m² glass
50% energy of conventional building
Burj Dubai, Dubai Built in 2009
Floors: 120 (World Record)
Height: 818m
Construction facts 39,000 t steel (5%)
The Burj Khalifa is the world tallest building!

11. Why is steel such a good construction element?
Why has steel been used in some of the world's most famous landmarks?
Petronas Twin Towers Brooklyn Bridge, NY Eiffel Tower

12. Why is steel such a good construction element?
Advantages of Steel
-Strengths, resistance
-Design flexibility, adaptability
-Durability, sustainability, recyclability
-Design flexibility
-Speed, lower construction costs
-Long term maintenance costs are reduced
-Good indoor air quality (IAQ)
-Light material

13. Why is steel such a good construction element?
Advantages of Steel Construction - Productivity
In the UK market 80% of all non-domestic framed construction is steel. The past
20 years has seen the industry winning 95% of all single storey framed
construction and 70% of all multi-storey construction.
Being totally re-usable, steel is the ultimate environmentally friendly product.
Today's steel structures will almost certainly be re-used in the buildings of
tomorrow.

14. Steel Consumption – End Uses
Represents approximately 50% of global steel consumption – higher in USA (60%),
lower in China (approx 40%).

15. Steel Products for Construction
Rebar
-short for reinforcing bar, also known as reinforcing steel,
reinforcement steel, or a deformed bar
-used as a tensioning device in reinforced concrete and
reinforced masonry structures holding the concrete in
compression
-usually formed from carbon steel, and is given ridges for
better mechanical anchoring into the concrete
-available in different grades and specifications that vary in
yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, chemical
composition, and percentage of elongation

16. Steel Products for Construction
Structural steel (Sections)
-A profile, formed with a specific shape or cross
section
-Certain standards of chemical composition and
mechanical properties
-Structural steel shape, size, composition, strength,
storage, etc., is regulated in most industrialized
countries

17. What has construction to do with SBB?
Prices of long products
SBB Special Report: US rebar price hike hinges on imports, Monday, 03 October 2011

18. What has construction to do with SBB?
Country & Product Specific Prices

19. What has construction to do with SBB?
SBB Price Tracker

20. What has construction to do with SBB?
SBB Articles

21. What has construction to do with SBB?
SBB Articles
Turkish rebar offers too high for local and Turkish rebar export offers soften, mill
Iraqi buyers, Monday, 03 October 2011 output reduced, Friday, 07 October 2011
Iraqi and local Turkish buyers of rebar are Suggestions of output reductions went
failing to respond to ex-works offers of around the market earlier this week, and
$720-725/tonne from re-rollers and several participants tell Steel Business
electric arc furnace mills in the Briefing’s sister publication Platts Steel
Iskenderun region, regional producers say. Markets Daily that at least one rebar mill
These offers are deemed too high by end near Izmir has shut for maintenance.
users who had been purchasing at $740- Rebar offers are down around $15/t from
750/t ex-works Iskenderun in only mid- last week.
September.

22. What has construction to do with SBB?
Construction Market
- Prices influenced by scrap prices as scrap goes into EAF – so there is a
connection between scrap and long prices
- Rebar used in earthquake countries, developing countries use more
rebar
- US & UK use more sections, because they are quicker built up with
skilled workers – opposite in developing countries
- Market divided into residential & non residential (infrastructure, retail,
offices, etc.)
- Price is influenced by scrap prices and by end-user demand

23. What has construction to do with SBB?
Construction Market
Generally construction is not doing well
-Due to government cuttings (infrastructure)
-General shortage of money (credits harder to get)
-Domestic market in South Europe has crashed
-- they need to export
-putting down prices
Spain – Alfonso Galliardo
Stahlwerk Thueringen
......selling....