[Group 9] 1st Year 2nd Semester Kursk State Medical university

1. RADIATIO
N
By-Keshav Kumar Panwar

2. Radiation is an energy in the form
of electro-magnetic waves or
particulate matter, traveling in the
air.”

3. RADIATION SOURCES

4. Sources of radiation can be divided
into two categories:
Natural Background Radiation
Man-Made Radiation

5. NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION
Cosmic Radiation
Terrestrial Radiation
Internal Radiation

6. MAN-MADE RADIATION SOURCES
 Examples of man-made sources of radiation to
members of the public:
 Lantern mantles
 Medical diagnosis
 Building materials
 Nuclear power plants
 Coal power plants
 Tobacco
 Phosphate fertilizers
 T V sets
 Radium watches

7. RADIATION
 Ionizing Radiation
 Higher energy electromagnetic waves (gamma) or heavy
particles (beta and alpha).
 High enough energy to pull electron from orbit.
 Non-ionizing Radiation
 Lower energy electromagnetic waves.
 Not enough energy to pull electron from orbit, but can
excite the electron.

8. NON-IONIZING RADIATION

9. Definition:
“ They are electromagnetic waves incapable of
producing ions while passing through matter,
due to their lower energy.”
 Sources
• Ultraviolet light
• Visible light
• Infrared radiation
• Microwaves
• Radio & TV
• Power transmission

10. IONIZING RADIATION

11. IONIZING RADIATION
Definition
“ It is a type of radiation that is able to disrupt
atoms and molecules on which they pass
through, giving rise to ions and free radicals”.
Sources – x-rays, radioactive material
produce alpha, beta, and gamma
radiation, cosmic rays from the sun and
space.

12. RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
 Either natural or created in nuclear
reactor or accelerator
 Radioactive material is unstable and
emits energy in order to return to a more
stable state (particles or gamma-rays)
 Half-life – time for radioactive material to
decay by one-half

13. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

14. ORGAN SPECIFIC
 Skin
 Erythema – desquamation (reversible)
 Hair loss
 Mucous Membranes
 Fibrin Plaquing
 Urinary and Bladder cancer
 Visceral Changes (secretory)
 Reproductive Organs
 Irreversible damage to gametes
 Sterility
 Bone
 Suppress osteoblast activity
 Decrease number of osteocytes

15. RADIATION PROTECTION

16.  Time
Reduce the spent near the source of radiation.
 Distance
Increase the distance from the source of radiation.
 Shielding
Place shielding material between you and the
source of radiation.
REDUCING EXPOSURE