Going for Gold and Greener Pastures: Open Access Explained Presentation by Lisa Kruesi, Helen Morgan and Andrew Heath from The University of Queensland Scholarly Publishing and Digititisation Service for Open Access Week, October 2012.

1. Going for Gold and Greener
Pastures: Open Access Explained
Lisa Kruesi, Helen Morgan and Andrew Heath
Scholarly Publishing and Digitisation Service
Open Access Week, October 2012
Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

2. Session Objectives
• Introduction to open access (OA)
• Setting the scene
• Situation at UQ
– eSpace & green OA
– Development of OA research data
• Opportunities & pitfalls
• Who to contact at UQ Library for help
Open Access Logo: Art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, and
JakobVoss http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

3. Open Access (OA) Definition
• OA literature is digital, free of most copyright and licensing
restrictions
• Focus on peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles via Internet
• There are two different ways of obtaining open accessibility to
scientific research results: Green and Gold.
• Open access is also increasingly being provided to data, books
and book chapters, conference papers, theses, working papers
and preprints.
• Open content is similar to OA, but may include the right to modify
the work
• While open access relies on the consent of copyright holders to
share their work, making material open access will not deprive
copyright holders of any rights. Copyright laws still apply.
1. "Open Access." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 June 2012. Web 3 September 2012. available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access
2. Suber, Peter. Open Access. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012

4. Open Access (OA) Definition
• Green Self Archiving - • Gold authors publish in OA
authors publish in a journal journals that provide free,
and self-archive a freely immediate access to the
available version of the articles via publisher web
manuscript in their sites that may or may not
institution's repository, or carry author fees. The
in a national repository (for Public Library of Science
example, PubMed Central) (PLOS) is an example.
or post them on other OA • There are hybrid OA
sites. Green journal journals providing Gold OA
publishers are those that for authors who pay an up-
allow self-archiving. front-fee to publish on their
journal’s web site.

5. World’s first
scientific journal
Source: ARC Statistics 2006-2007, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.
*includes electronic resources from 1999-2000 onward.

6. Scholarly Publishing Trends
Australian
Many Universities set Government
Access shifts from up research Most libraries need to
invests $26 million
personal subscriptions repositories to record & cancel journals to pay
to establish digital
towards library- store research outputs for new subscriptions
repositories in
provided access. by University staff and Universities
Tenopir, C. students
1970-1990s 1990s+ 2000+ 2001 2008-2009 2012
Sales of large portfolios of e- Open access emerges led by There is a patchy-
journals content (‘big-deals’) scholars, to make publicly approach world-wide to
to libraries via consortia deals funded research available establishing funding
is the predominant way to all. The Budapest Open schemes to pay for OA
research content is purchased Access Iniative occurs. author fees at
Creative Commons universities
founded.

7. New model
Subscriber pays User pays
• Journals paid for by • Publication paid for by the
readers, libraries and author, the author’s institution or
institutions research grant
• Payment by annual • Payment is a publication fee
subscription / consortia
deal / page charges
• Payments are transparent
• One-off payments for
specific issues or a fee for • Publisher can be the author
article delivery (pay per
view) • No access restrictions
• Licensed content
• Subject to Copyright Act /
• Content is restricted Creative Commons
Solomon, D. J., & Björk, B. C. (2012). A study of open access journals using article processing charges.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8), 1485-1495

8. Budapest Open Access Initiative
“Open access is economically feasible, it gives
readers extraordinary power to find and make
use of relevant literature, and it gives authors
and their works vast and measurable new
visibility, readership, and impact.”
http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

9. Set the Scene: Sign Here
Go To This Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMIY_4t-DR0
License: Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)

10. Growth peer-reviewed OA journals

11. How can the UQ Library help?
• UQ eSpace
– Research outputs including UQ research
higher degree theses
– Text Queensland
– Digilib
• Advice & updates (Copyright & Library Lawyer)
• The Library’s web site for access
• eScholarship: research data, publishing, impact
blog
• UQ Library Catalogue /
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/research-
support/open-access-week

12. http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.php

14. Top ten journals from Thomson Reuters JCRWeb,
General & Internal Medicine 2011: Myriad of options
Medicine, General &
Internal 2011 Abbreviated Journal Title ISSN Total Cites Impact Factor
Open Access Status
OA 1990+ research articles
free after 6 mths/ BLUE 1 NEW ENGL J MED 0028-4793 232068 53.298
GREEN 2 LANCET 0140-6736 158906 38.278
WHITE 3 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 0098-7484 117668 30.026
WHITE 4 ANN INTERN MED 0003-4819 45683 16.733
*National
GOLD 5 PLOS MED 1549-1277 12574 16.269 licence paid
GREEN 6 BRIT MED J 0959-535X 74759 14.093
for in
Australian
WHITE 3 ARCH INTERN MED 0003-9926 37598 11.462 by the
WHITE 3 CAN MED ASSOC J 0820-3946 11413 8.217 NHMRC
GOLD 9 BMC MED 1741-7015 1835 6.035
BLUE 10 COCHRANE DB SYST REV * 1469-493X 29593 5.715
RoMEO Colour Archiving policy
Green Can archive pre-print and post-print or publisher's version/PDF
Blue Can archive post-print (ie final draft post-refereeing) or publisher's version/PDF
Yellow Can archive pre-print (ie pre-refereeing)
White Archiving not formally supported
Gold

15. Independent of OA
• Journals can be more open or less open. But
there degree of openness is independent from
their:
*Impact, *Prestige, *Quality of Peer
Review, *Peer Review Methodology
*Sustainability, *Effect on Tenure &
Promotion *Article Quality
Taken from: HowOpenIsIt: http://www.library.uq.edu.au/research-support/what-open-access-
publishing

16. Where to publish
Identifying publishing opportunities
• Decide early (before drafting the paper). Look for a journal and then
write the paper
• Look for journals that have published in your discipline area
• Consider journals that have published work you cite
• Audience – who will read your article?
• Prestige – does the journal appear on the ERA journal listings?
• Predatory Publishers List
• Checklist for evaluation
• Access – will you publish in an open access journal?
• Impact – refers to how often a journal’s content is cited by other
authors, thereby giving an indication of the influence of a publication.
• Likelihood of acceptance – top tier v’s less prestigious journals
• Does it cost to publish in the journal?
• More details: Fact Sheet 8 Where to Publish Your Journal Article
and the Open Access Spectrum (OAS) HowOpenIsIt Guide

17. Open Access - Evolving
• BioMed Central (BMC)
• Of the 265 journal titles listed within BMC, 192 (72%) appear
on the ERA 2012 Journal List
Processing fee 15% payable Amount
by UQ payable by
author
AUS $1841 AUS $275 AUS $1566
• The Wellcome Trust has teamed up with the Max Planck
Society in Germany and the Howard Hughes Medical
Institute in the US to set up a new open-access journal called
eLife.
• According to the new editor: the journal will take on the very
top end of the scientific publishing industry, as a visible high-
profile competitor to Nature and Science“
• PLOS Medicine is number five in the top Medicine, General &
Internal – JCRWeb, 2011 – Impact Factor 16.3
• More details: Open Access

18. Addendum
• All OA journals and 70% non-OA journal allow
authors to self archive their peer reviewed
post prints - for the remaining journals an
authors addendum can be used to vary the
terms of a publication agreement
• UQ Addendum on the UQ Library OA website

19. Mandates
• UK Wellcome Trust and the Research Councils (2006)
• US National Institute of Health (2007)
•
• Australia National Health and Medical Research Council
(2012)
– The Australian Government makes a major investment in research to
support its essential role in improving the wellbeing of our society. To
maximise the benefits from research, publications resulting from
research activities must be disseminated as broadly as possible to
allow access by other researchers and the wider community. NHMRC
acknowledges that researchers take into account a wide range of
factors in deciding on the best outlets for publications arising from their
research.
• And More

20. Policy transforming open access
• Stronger version of the UK Research Councils OA
policy
• Most of the OA Finch Report recommendations
accepted UK government
• Higher Education Funding Council for England
(HEFCE) plan to require OA research be submitted
to the next Research Excellence Framework in 2014
• European Commission make OA general principle
for their Horizon Plans 2014-20
• Australian Research Council 2012

22. What is UQ eSpace?
• A place to record and showcase UQ research
publications, raising visibility and accessibility
• An institutional repository for:
– open access publications
– other digitised materials such as
photographs, audio, videos, manuscripts and other
original works
– UQ Research Higher Degree Theses + some others
• The single authoritative source for the
publication outputs of UQ systems internal
systems such as Q-Index and UQ Researchers
(and those currently under development)
• Provides data for reporting requirements such as
ERA and HERDC

23. What is in eSpace?
Document type Total records OA records
Journal Article 94965 4245
Conference
Papers 36486 2608
Book Chapters 10127 431
Theses * 9681 550
Images 5515 5515
Books 5343 575
* 7484 theses - UQ staff and students only
Other documents types include: Research Reports, Preprints, Working
Papers, Creative Works, Designs, Audio and Videos

24. espace.library.uq.edu.au

25. How do records get into eSpace?
• Weekly downloads from Web of Science –
publications with UQ as the nominated
institution
• Automatic downloads from Researcher ID
accounts
• Manual entry via the My UQ eSpace page (by
staff and Unit Public
• RHD Theses – electronic upload is compulsory

26. MY UQ eSpace
• My Research – lists publications linked to the
author’s Aurion ID
• Possibly My Research? – lists records not yet
linked to an id but where there is a name match
• Add Missing Publication – allows researcher to
add publications not yet in eSpace

30. Flow of records to other systems
• Q – Index – updated daily from eSpace (this
includes records not yet published in eSpace)
• UQ reSEARCHers – updated daily; only includes
published records
• Used in HERDC and ERA submissions as
required

31. Benefits of UQ eSpace
• UQ eSpace Data is harvested by major search engines
• Page views and Download statistics recorded
• Access Scopus and WOS citation counts
• Supported and ongoing access to your research publications
• Researcher homepage (http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/e1mlu)
• ResearcherID integration (updates and links)
• Unique Author ID
• Accurate data for reporting and individual research reporting (e.g. Q-Index)

32. UQ eSpace – future developments
• OA support
– Sherpa/Romeo integration
– UQDI project (800 items to be added)
– NHMRC OA mandate
• Automated Scopus downloads
• Author ID linking (ORCID, Scorcid, ResearcherID)
• Development of UQ OA policy and considerations
for OA theses

33. Green Repositories
http://www.oclc.org/oaister/
23 million records
PubMedCentral 2.4 million
arXiv (physics) 766,772 (230 records added daily)
RePEC (Research Papers in Economics) 1 million documents (333 added
daily)
Social Sciences Research Network (350,000 fulltext docs)
doab (directory of open access books) http://www.doabooks.org/doab
There are more: Registry of Open Access Repositories
Video – Green versus Gold + Benefits of OA

34. Development of OA Research Data
Open Data is the idea that certain data should be freely available to everyone
to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents
or other mechanisms of control.
The concept of open access to scientific data was institutionally established
with the formation of the World Data Centre system in 1957-1958.
World Data Centres were established by the International Council for Science to
minimize the risk of data loss and to maximize data accessibility.
While the open-science-data movement long predates the Internet, the
availability of fast, ubiquitous networking has significantly changed the context,
since publishing and obtaining data has become much less expensive and
time-consuming.
"Open Data." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 June 2012. Web 28 August 2012. available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data

35. Why make research data OA?
The Denton Declaration, An Open Data Manifesto
• Open access to research data is critical for advancing
science, scholarship, and society.
• Research data, when repurposed, has an accretive value.
• Publicly funded research should be publicly available for public good.
• Transparency in research is essential to sustain the public trust.
• The validation of research data by the peer community is an essential
function of the responsible conduct of research.
• Managing research data is the responsibility of a broad community of
stakeholders including
researchers, funders, institutions, libraries, archivists, and the public.
The Denton Declaration, An Open Data Manifesto, The University of North Texas. Web 23 Oct 2012. available http://openaccess.unt.edu/denton_declaration

36. Why make research data OA?
Benefits to researchers -
• Increase how visible your research is
• Preserve your data
• Meet funding requirements
• Stop duplication of effort
• Further the advance of science
• Support Open Access
• Data sharing has the potential to increase citations of your work. The authors
of one study1 established that publicly available data was associated with a
69% increase in citations, independent of journal impact factor, date of
publication, and author country of origin.
1. Piwowar HA, Day RS, Fridsma DB, 2007 ‘Sharing Detailed Research Data is Associated with Increased Citation Rate’. PLoS ONE 2(3): e308. DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0000308

37. OA research data
Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of
Research
“Policies are required that address the ownership of research materials and data, their
storage, their retention beyond the end of the project, and appropriate access to them by the
research community.”
Funding bodies
The NHMRC revised policy for the dissemination of research findings came into effect
on 1 July 2012. The NHMRC requires that any publications arising from an NHMRC
supported research project must be deposited into an open access institutional
repository within a twelve month period from the date of publication.
Journal requirements
Publishing in a Nature journal?
“… authors are required to make materials, data and associated protocols promptly available
to readers.”
Nature Publishing Group

38. Open Data - The Future
© ANDS 2011

39. Open Data
From a Nature News special on Data Sharing:
“Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved
and made accessible. All concerned must act
accordingly.”
“Data management should be woven into every
course in science, as one of the foundations of
knowledge.”
Editorial: Data's Shameful Neglect" (10 September 2009). Nature 461, 145 doi:10.1038/461145a; Published online 9 September 2009; Corrected 23
September 2009

40. Present situation
• Taxpayers’ fund research
• New knowledge not available to all
• Researchers do the intellectual work – writing & peer
review
• Publishers make huge profits
• Established journals, often have prestige (high impact
factor)
• Small number of dominant publishers
• Evidence OA results in increased impact
• Significant increase in OA journals
• Mandates & policy developments

41. Opportunities, Pitfalls & Way Forward
• Prof Matthew Brown’s videos:
Part 1: Importance of Open Access to Discovery
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0PWU_VRxoA
• Series of Scholarly Publishing Videos including Open Access
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL00C07719206487B3&feature=plcp
• Vanity Publishing & Predatory Publishers List – OMICS case
example
• Summed up: Whither Science Publishing http://the-
scientist.com/2012/08/01/whither-science-publishing/
• Open Access Week Oct 22-28 2012
• Academic Paper

42. Inescapable conclusions
• Argued an open access publishing system would be
less costly than the current system, less time-
consuming and cumbersome for users, since
complicated authentication systems can go and
users could be assured a full-text copy of whatever
research they need.
• Open access would not only guarantee access to
current scholarship, but would also safeguard the long
term archiving of the existing body of scholarly research
literature.

43. The Future
It is predicted that Gold OA will account
for 50 percent of the scholarly journal
articles sometime between 2017 and
2021, and 90 percent of articles as soon
as 2020 and more conservatively by
2025.
Lewis, D. W. (2012) The Inevitability of Open Access, College & Research
Libraries, 73(5), 493-506

44. Who to contact
• UQ Library’s Research Information Service
• Copyright questions
• eSpace questions
• General enquiries
• Lisa Kruesi, Andrew Heath & Helen Morgan